Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Solar chimney combined with active cooling systems for enhanced indoor comfort and energy efficiency under extreme climates: A data-driven optimization approach","authors":"Alireza Karimi ,&nbsp;Masoud Norouzi ,&nbsp;Kavan Javanroodi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and its associated extreme events challenge the effectiveness of passive building design strategies. Hybrid passive-active systems emerge as a promising solution; however, their resilience in extreme climate conditions is less studied. This study addresses this gap by investigating the integration of solar chimneys (SC) with variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy demand under typical and extreme climate conditions. A novel combined optimization framework using Bayesian Optimization with Extreme Gradient Boosting (BO-XGBoost) and NSGA-II is applied to optimize SC design and VRF operation across future scenarios, including power outages and extreme warm periods.</div><div>Results show that the optimized SC–VRF system significantly improves resilience, particularly under extreme warm conditions. Compared to typical near-term conditions (2010–2039), Indoor Discomfort Degree and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied increased by 18.5 % and 1.4 % in the long-term (2070–2099) under active operation. In passive mode, these increases reached 39.7 % and 12.7 %, highlighting the limits of passive cooling alone. Sensitivity analysis indicated the SC opening area as the most influential design factor. The best overall performance was observed under typical mid-term (2040–2069) conditions, with energy use reduced by 13.3 % compared to long-term and 9.5 % compared to near-term scenarios. While passive SCs show potential in the near-term, integrating them with VRF systems is essential for maintaining comfort and efficiency under future extremes. The proposed SC–VRF configuration offers an effective strategy for maintaining thermal comfort and reducing energy use under climate extremes, thereby enhancing the climate resilience of buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 113809"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive temperature control for high-precision solar furnace operation","authors":"Juan D. Gil ,&nbsp;Igor M.L. Pataro ,&nbsp;Lidia Roca ,&nbsp;José L. Guzmán ,&nbsp;Manuel Berenguel ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Cañadas","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dedicated to the processing and analysis of materials with concentrated solar energy, solar furnaces serve as fundamental tools in experimental contexts. However, the control and precise operation of these systems presents significant challenges due to their nonlinear dynamics, the presence of unpredicted disturbances, and the specific operating requirements of the system. This work presents an adaptive controller based on a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) methodology for temperature control in solar furnaces. The proposed controller makes progress regarding the existing literature as it outperforms other control strategies in tracking ramping reference signals, which are essential for thermal cycling processes in solar furnaces. Moreover, this solution only includes two additional tuning parameters to the conventional Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) control structure used in these systems, facilitating its application in daily operations. The MRAC controller was rigorously tested and compared with traditional PID solutions used in solar furnaces in a simulated environment using actual data and a validated nonlinear model. Furthermore, the MRAC strategy was tested in the existing solar furnace SF60 at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (Spain). The proposed controller demonstrated substantially lower error metrics than conventional strategies in simulation, reducing the IAE by approximately 75% and 50% compared to the PID and adaptive PID controllers, respectively, and achieving an RMSE of only 0.5 °C. Moreover, it showed promising performance in addressing real-world operational challenges. These achievements validate the proposed adaptive MRAC strategy and position it as a valuable tool for regular operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From binary to quaternary copper chalcogenide compounds in solar cells technology: Recent progress and perspectives","authors":"Tahta Amrillah ,&nbsp;Intan Nurul Rizki ,&nbsp;Vani Novita Alviani","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper chalcogenides (Cu<em>Ch</em>, where <em>Ch</em> = O, S, Se, Te) are promising semiconductor materials for various electronic applications, including solar cells. Among these compounds, CuInGaSe₂ (CIGS) is an excellent candidate for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in solar cell applications. Cu<em>Ch</em>-based thin film solar cells offer a cost-effective and stable alternative to traditional Si-based solar cells with comparable efficiencies. Due to their outstanding semiconducting and optoelectronic properties, certain Cu<em>Ch</em> compounds have been utilized in perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). However, several other Cu<em>Ch</em> compounds with excellent potential for solar cell use remain underexplored. This review article provides an overview of the current state of Cu<em>Ch</em>-based solar cells, covering the fundamental concepts, fabrication methods, and technologies involved in their production. The review scope extends beyond well-established Cu<em>Ch</em> photovoltaic materials to include lesser-developed compounds that remain largely unexplored for solar cell technology. The article also describes the plausible strategies to enhance the feasibility of Cu<em>Ch</em>-based solar cells in society, as well as addresses key challenges associated with the commercialization and marketability of this material, its potential use in future consumer products, and considerations for solar cell waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light active SiC/Bi2WO6/CD heterojunction: Fabrication, characterization, and optimization of its photocatalytic activity toward hematoxylin","authors":"Abbas Yousefi ,&nbsp;Ardeshir Shokrollahi ,&nbsp;Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dye removal from water supplies is an imperative issue because of its adverse effects on human health. Compared with other expensive removal techniques, photocatalytic degradation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly pathway. Here, a simple developed method was applied to fabricate a heterojunction composite photocatalyst composed of SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment of the synthesized composites’ structural and morphological properties was conducted using various analytical methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a crystallite size of 18.4 nm for SiC, 26.5 nm for Bi₂WO₆, 17.0 nm for CD, and 18.1 nm for SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD. An SEM image showed heterogeneous surfaces with irregular-sized particles, possibly due to agglomeration of particles at the surface of SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD. There is also a band gap of 2.21 for this composite. To evaluate its boosted visible-light catalytic performance toward hematoxylin (HTX), the experimental design by the RSM was applied by examining experimental variables, including the SiC/Bi₂WO₆/CD dosage, the CTX concentration, the duration of light illumination, and temperature. Accordingly, ANOVA analysis was performed to confirm the model goodness and the significance of the variables selected. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant of the photocatalytic process was about 0.042 min⁻¹. Based on the results of the scavenging experiments, superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes are more vital reactive species in HTX photodegradation. The ternary photocatalyst showed good stability after four reusing runs. The highly effective and sustainable approach for the dye removal from water, and some insights about the structural features and probable practical uses of a novel catalyst are introduced here, which proves the critical potential of the novel photocatalyst composite and broadening the scope of visible light-responsive heterojunction photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the possibility of achieving high solar fractions for space heating in temperate climates","authors":"Krzysztof Kupiec,&nbsp;Sebastian Pater","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper considers solar space heating in a temperate climate. An algorithm was developed to determine the daily average temperatures and heat fluxes. The calculation algorithm was based on the concept of solar utilizability. The influence of various process parameters on heating performance was studied: the area of the solar collectors, the volume of the storage tank, the angle of inclination of the collectors and the maximum temperature of the tank water. Special attention was paid to the discharge of excess heat from the tank outside the considered system during the summer. It was found that this process does not deteriorate the efficiency of building heating, characterized by the solar fraction parameter, because lowering the tank water temperature intensifies heat transfer in the collectors and reduces heat loss from the tank to the ground. Changing the collector inclination angle from 40° to 90° with a surface area exceeding 20 m² can reduce the size of the tank almost by half if the maximum water temperature in the tank is below 90 °C. It was also found that when heating rooms in temperate climates, it is possible to achieve full coverage of heat demand by solar energy. The results of own calculations and those obtained from the TRNSYS application were compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 113789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled effects of strain and halogen substitution on the structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic characteristics of Pb-Free Cs2AgInBr6: Density functional theory approach using HSE, BSE, and numerical methods","authors":"Khalid Said ,&nbsp;Jihane Znaki ,&nbsp;Fatima Zahra Znaki ,&nbsp;Mohamed Adadi ,&nbsp;Hassane Moustabchir ,&nbsp;Samir Chtita ,&nbsp;Adil Touimi Benjelloun ,&nbsp;Souad Elkhattabi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113782","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The discovery of lead-free halide double perovskites &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cl&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; offers a promising avenue for the development of new absorber materials in solar cells. In this study, ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are performed to investigate the impact of biaxial strain from +3% to -3% on the structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties of these compounds. Negative formation energies confirm their thermodynamic stability, enhanced by the partial substitution of bromine for chlorine. The band gap evolution under biaxial strain reveals high flexibility, suggesting a strong potential for adaptation to meet the requirements of targeted applications. Both structures exhibit high absorption coefficients (of the order of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;cm&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) in the UV-visible region, and their absorption spectra show a redshift and peak broadening under stress, indicating an improvement in optoelectronic efficiency. In addition, the static dielectric constant (SDC) increased depending on biaxial compressive strain for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Finally, The photovoltaic performances of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cl&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; show significant enhancement, particularly under the application of low compressive strain, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.50% is achieved for &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; under a -2% biaxial strain. These results highlight the impact of biaxial strain on the optoelectronic properties and performances of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cs&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;AgInBr&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Cl&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, opening promis","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep neural networks model for accurate photovoltaic parameter estimation under variable weather conditions","authors":"Salem Batiyah ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Subhi ,&nbsp;Osama Elsherbiny ,&nbsp;Obaid Aldosari ,&nbsp;Mohammed Aldawsari","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating photovoltaic (PV) parameters is essential for accurate modeling and performance prediction of PV systems. This paper presents a deep neural network-based approach for determining the PV parameters via information from datasheets. The proposed technique is trained using thousands of data points generated from the PV module block in the MATLAB/Simulink library. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated using metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the coefficient of determination (R-squared), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). By utilizing the inherent pattern recognition and learning capabilities of neural networks, the model is able to estimate the PV parameters accurately. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the performance is subjected to different assessments including testing data, experimental data and commercial PV modules under standard test conditions (STC) as well as different weather conditions. The performance has been also compared with various recent algorithms reported in the literature. The results obtained from all assessments provide insights into the performance of the proposed approach. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the neural network-based method in estimating PV parameters, showcasing its potential as a viable alternative to traditional estimation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach for separating copper, tin, and lead from photovoltaic ribbon wastes","authors":"Qingfeng Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Yuan ,&nbsp;Yakun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengjie Chen ,&nbsp;Kuixian Wei ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recovery of valuable lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and tin (Sn) from photovoltaic (PV) ribbon waste is essential for the sustainability of the PV industry. In this study, a two-step physical process comprising molten separation and vacuum distillation was proposed and used to recover Cu, Sn, and Pb from PV ribbon waste. First, Sn–Pb coatings (melting point: 451–456 K) were effectively recovered from Cu substrates (melting point: 1356.4 K) through melt separation at 723 K for 4 h, yielding a Sn–Pb alloy with low Cu contamination (1.23 wt%) and Cu strips with minimal residual Sn (1.89 wt%) and Pb (1.23 wt%). Second, the Cu-containing Sn–Pb alloy at 1423 K and 50 ± 10 Pa was selectively volatilized through vacuum distillation, yielding ultra-pure Pb (Cu: 8 ppm, Sn: 66 ppm) and 99.7 % separation efficiency. Cu and Sn remained in the residual alloys due to their comparable vapor pressures. This work provides a green, sustainable method for separating Pb, Cu, and Sn from photovoltaic strip wastes without generating carbon, waste acid, and waste gas throughout the entire production process, which is in line with the goal of a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113810"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal management of photovoltaic systems: a comprehensive review of cooling strategies","authors":"Muhammad Sohaib Tahir ,&nbsp;Xue Dong ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mansoor Khan ,&nbsp;Ijaz Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photovoltaic system is an effective way to convert solar irradiation into electricity in comparison to other renewable energy sources. The solar cell performance can be changed by several factors, including solar cell material, solar radiation, and operating conditions (ambient temperature, dust, humidity, and shading). A high working temperature of solar cells is the most important variable that directly degrades the performance of power generation and the life span of a photovoltaic system. The efficiency of power generation for the photovoltaic system can be enhanced by implementing different cooling techniques which include active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid cooling. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various cooling methods for flat plate PV systems, comparing them with alternative techniques and discussing each method’s challenges, limitations, efficiencies, and power generation outputs. PV panels can enhance efficiency through active water-cooling techniques such as water-spraying, water-flowing, or nanofluids. These methods regulate the temperature of solar cells, boosting efficiency by up to 15–20%. Active air-cooling can improve efficiency by up to 2.10%, whereas water-cooling can increase efficiency by 13–18%. PV panels can also benefit from passive cooling techniques like natural air ventilation, water evaporation, and PCM, which can raise electrical efficiency by up to 16.5%, compared to the 12%–14% average efficiency achieved with air or water-cooling methods. Hybrid PV systems employ both active and passive cooling techniques for effective electrical and heat generation, increasing efficiency by up to 19.4%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of solar radiation and sol-air temperatures on curved envelopes of air-supported membrane buildings","authors":"Chengyang Huang ,&nbsp;Hanbing Chang ,&nbsp;Yuying Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-supported membrane (ASM) envelopes, characterized by their curved shape and energy-saving, carbon-reducing advantages, have found widespread applications in gymnasiums, exhibition halls and industrial warehouses. However, in the cooling load calculations of ASM buildings, the existing Sol-Air temperatures, which assume uniform solar irradiance received by the envelope at different locations in a given orientation, fails to accurately depict the impact of solar radiation on the heat transfer of curved envelops, leading to inaccuracies in cooling load calculation. To address this gap, this paper develops a simplified mathematical model capable of quantifying the amount of solar irradiance received by curved envelopes of ASM buildings without simulation, and reveals the laws of solar irradiance received by the ASM envelope at different times and spaces. Finally, new Sol-Air temperatures were proposed for use in cooling load calculations specifically for ASM buildings. Results confirmed the accuracy of the developed mathematical model with an error margin within 8.6 %. The solar irradiance received by ASM envelopes can deviate up to 40.1 % and 68.6 % when compared to horizontal and vertical surfaces respectively. The new Sol-Air temperatures are instrumental for precise heat transfer calculations in ASM envelopes, reducing the error by 19.9 %−27.8 %. Hence, this study provides valuable references for improving the calculation methods of ASM buildings cooling load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113791"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}