Solar Energy最新文献_第4页

Correlation of heat transfer and flow characteristics for convex protruded triangular shaped solar air heater 凸凸三角形太阳能空气加热器传热与流动特性的关系

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114347

Rajneesh Kumar , Abhishek Saxena

{"title":"Correlation of heat transfer and flow characteristics for convex protruded triangular shaped solar air heater","authors":"Rajneesh Kumar , Abhishek Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The break-up of viscous sublayer near the absorber due to artificial roughness enhances the performance of Solar Air Heaters (SAHs). In this work, 3-D triangular-shaped computational fluid dynamics is considered to study the impact of convex-shaped protrusions on the performance using Finite Volume Method under steady state conditions. The protrusions are fabricated in a periodic rectangular pattern with streamwise pitch ratio (<em>P<sub>l</sub></em>) and crossway pitch ratio (<em>P<sub>t</sub></em>) of 6 to 16 and 6 to 16, respectively, and Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) range of 4.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 20 × 10<sup>3</sup> (ensure fully developed turbulent flow, specifically relevant to drying and space heating). The flow structure and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed using the RNG turbulent. The SIMPLE algorithm was used to predict the solution, and the model is validated against the Gnielinski’s correlation that shows a maximum error within a range of ±6.5 %. The convex protrusions have shown significant improvement in the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) by breaking the laminar sublayer and generating secondary vortices. Simultaneously, the pressure drop occurs due to secondary vortices increasing the frictional penalty. Compared to a conventional SAH, this design achieves 218.28 % higher thermal augmentation, accompanied by a 268 % increase in the friction factor. The highest overall enhancement achieved is 2.59 at a <em>Re</em> of 20 × 10<sup>3</sup>, which indicates that the protrusion-shaped roughness is better for higher Reynolds values. Moreover, the protrusions provide 36 % higher thermal performance than dimple-shaped roughness elements. Additionally, a generalized empirical correlation has been developed to predict thermal performance and friction factors, with an error of only 5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114347"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances and outlook of perovskite solar cells via spray coating technologies 钙钛矿太阳能电池的喷涂技术进展与展望

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114313

Haifeng Wu , Xinling Li , Cunhai Wang , Xiaofei Chai , Junhui Lu , Qing Shen , Hongsheng Wang , Ruixiang Wang

{"title":"Advances and outlook of perovskite solar cells via spray coating technologies","authors":"Haifeng Wu , Xinling Li , Cunhai Wang , Xiaofei Chai , Junhui Lu , Qing Shen , Hongsheng Wang , Ruixiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solution spray coating enables the low-cost, large-area fabrication of perovskite photovoltaic devices, but the deposited light-absorbing layer generally has technical problems, such as uneven distribution of perovskite crystals and low coverage rate, which seriously affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices. This review aims to achieve controllable atomization for fabricating high-quality perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Focusing on the three aspects of solution, droplet, and film, discusses the basic principles of solution atomization, spraying deposition processes, and key devices, while summarizing the recent advances in sprayed PSCs as well as typical fabrication strategies, including one-step and two-step methods. Given the crucial role of perovskite nucleation and crystallization kinetics in governing the formation of high-quality films, this work comprehensively summarizes the crystallization technologies that promote rapid supersaturation of perovskite precursor solutions for nucleation and crystallization, along with the crystallization enhancement strategies that increase perovskite crystal size, improve the uniformity and coverage of films, and reduce defect density. Additionally, a systematic overview and outlook are provided on the latest technological innovations, emerging theoretical and physical models, and the integrated application of intelligent and automated control methods. Finally, the thermophysical issues in the spraying deposition process, the regulation of droplet behavior, the application of curved and flexible substrates, and the industrialization advantages of full-spray technology for photovoltaic devices are discussed. It is anticipated that this review will offer valuable guidance for advancing the low-cost, intelligent, and industrialized development of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Local pressure distributions on a heliostat facet and its Strouhal number in turbulent flow 湍流中定日镜表面的局部压力分布及其斯特罗哈尔数

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114267

Sahar Bakhshipour , Matthew J. Emes , Maziar Arjomandi

{"title":"Local pressure distributions on a heliostat facet and its Strouhal number in turbulent flow","authors":"Sahar Bakhshipour , Matthew J. Emes , Maziar Arjomandi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind load evaluation is one of the most critical tasks in design and operation of heliostats. Unlike most publicly available data on the global wind load coefficients, this study presents a detailed experimental investigation of local wind pressure distribution and force coefficients on a heliostat facet. The critical wind load coefficients and the Strouhal number of a heliostat at low (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>u</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = 1.8 %) and high (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>u</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = 14 %) turbulence flow are reported. To achieve this, the heliostat facet was divided into 24 segments, each equipped with a pressure sensor to measure pressure and facilitate calculation of local wind load coefficients at different elevation and azimuth angles. The results show that at some combinations of elevation and azimuth angles the local force coefficients significantly exceed the global force and moment coefficients reported in the literature, revealing previously unreported critical load cases. In contrast to earlier findings that suggest a linear increase in wind load coefficients with turbulence intensity above I<sub>u</sub> ≥ 10 %, this study identifies a non-linear relationship at lower turbulence levels, underscoring the need to account for low-intensity turbulence effects in heliostat design. Additionally, the influence of both turbulence intensity and azimuth angle on the Strouhal number is examined, based on the temporal variation of the hinge moment coefficient, a combination not thoroughly addressed in prior studies. These findings provide valuable insights for improvement of heliostat structural design and layout, supporting more robust resistance to localised failures, and aerodynamic vibrations, ultimately enhancing performance and resilience under varying wind conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frequency domain enhanced transformer network for robust photovoltaic power prediction 基于频域增强变压器网络的光伏发电稳健性预测

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114358

Guojin Si , Min Xie , Feng Luo , Tangbin Xia , Lifeng Xi

{"title":"Frequency domain enhanced transformer network for robust photovoltaic power prediction","authors":"Guojin Si , Min Xie , Feng Luo , Tangbin Xia , Lifeng Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is critical for grid stability, yet existing deep learning methods often struggle to capture complex frequency dependencies in volatile weather conditions. To address this challenge, this study proposes a Frequency-domain Enhanced Transformer Network (FETN) designed for both single-step and multi-step PV power prediction. The FETN synergistically integrates a channel-independent Transformer architecture with a hybrid time–frequency loss function. Specifically, the architecture treats each multivariate time series variable, including irradiance, temperature, and humidity, as an independent token processed by a dedicated Transformer branch. Furthermore, the hybrid loss function incorporates a frequency-domain attention mechanism to extract periodic features often overlooked by time-domain approaches. Validated using real-world datasets from Australia, FETN is compared against benchmarks, including traditional recurrent models, hybrid deep learning models like Transformer and iTransformer variants. The results reveal that FETN outperforms the best baseline, reducing the average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 6.9% and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) by 1.9% in multi-step forecasting tasks. Qualitatively, FETN demonstrates robustness in tracking rapid power fluctuations. The strategic synthesis of the channel-independent Transformer with a hybrid loss function enables FETN to offer a highly accurate solution for PV power prediction, advancing the practical viability of renewable energy integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2-Ca(NO3)2 quaternary molten salt NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2-Ca(NO3)2季铵盐的制备与表征

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114343

Yan Li , Xiaopeng Li , Shuo Wang , Qunzhi Zhu

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2-Ca(NO3)2 quaternary molten salt","authors":"Yan Li , Xiaopeng Li , Shuo Wang , Qunzhi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among various molten salts, Hitec salt (7 wt% NaNO<sub>3</sub> − 53 wt% KNO<sub>3</sub> − 40 wt% NaNO<sub>2</sub>) has become a staple in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, capitalizing on its cost − effectiveness and favorable thermophysical properties. Yet, the relatively elevated melting temperature of Hitec salt (approximately 142 °C) restricts its applicability in low-temperature operating conditions. This study employs Hitec salt as the primary component and introduces Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> to modify it, predicting the eutectic makeup and melting point of the Hitec/Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> system through Gibbs free energy minimization methodology. Subsequently, a systematic thermophysical characterization was performed for the prepared quaternary molten salt mixture. By comparing the properties of mixed salts with varying Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> contents, the optimal mass ratio was identified as m(Hitec):m(Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) = 85:15. The findings show that relative to Hitec salt, the melting temperature is reduced by 40.6%, the specific heat increases by 8.2%, the decomposition temperature range expands by 55 °C, the liquid-phase sensible heat storage density increases by 228.55 kJ/kg, and the viscosity significantly decreases with increasing temperature. H15(5.95% NaNO<sub>3</sub>–45.05% KNO<sub>3</sub>–34% NaNO<sub>2</sub>–15% Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) salt provides CSP systems with a thermal energy storage material that combines cost-effectiveness with a wide operating temperature range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal design and operation of a solar-based multi-energy system for precast concrete plants 预制混凝土厂太阳能多能系统的优化设计与运行

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114326

Xuhui Wang , Tongsheng Zhang , Donglai Yang , Peijia Zhang , Rongfu Zhang , Yang Ming , Jiangxiong Wei , Qijun Yu

{"title":"Optimal design and operation of a solar-based multi-energy system for precast concrete plants","authors":"Xuhui Wang , Tongsheng Zhang , Donglai Yang , Peijia Zhang , Rongfu Zhang , Yang Ming , Jiangxiong Wei , Qijun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-energy complementary systems integrating renewable energy sources offer a promising pathway for achieving low-carbon production in precast concrete element plants. However, the intermittency of solar energy and the strong coupling between energy demand and strictly ordered production processes make efficient supply–demand matching challenging. In this study, a solar–electricity–aerothermal multi-energy complementary system tailored for precast concrete element plants is proposed. A two-stage optimization framework is developed to explicitly integrate production scheduling with energy system configuration, aiming to maximize solar energy utilization under realistic production constraints. A real precast concrete element plant is selected as the case study to verify the applicability of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the optimal configuration consists of a photovoltaic panel area of 3193 m<sup>2</sup>, a solar thermal collector (STC) area of 1032 m<sup>2</sup>, a heat storage tank volume of 26.5 m<sup>3</sup>, and an air-source heat pump (ASHP) capacity of 224.8 kW. After optimization, the lifecycle utilization efficiency of photovoltaic electricity increases by 41.9 %, while grid electricity consumption during peak hours decreases by 72.5 %. In addition, the contribution of thermal energy supplied by the STC increases by 33.3 %. Compared with a conventional energy system, the optimized system achieves reductions of 95.0–98.6 % in operating cost and 31.3–48.4 % in carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic photocatalysis of polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions for efficient CO2 photoreduction without sacrificial agents 聚合物酞菁钴/ZnIn2S4异质结的协同光催化在无牺牲剂的情况下高效光还原CO2

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114341

Yuxuan Liu, Yuning Liang, Weimeng Chi, Shuohui Li, Yanhua Gao, Ying Chen

{"title":"Synergistic photocatalysis of polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions for efficient CO2 photoreduction without sacrificial agents","authors":"Yuxuan Liu, Yuning Liang, Weimeng Chi, Shuohui Li, Yanhua Gao, Ying Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) into valuable chemicals represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to achieving carbon neutrality. Herein, we synthesized a Z-scheme heterojunction for the photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> using the hydrothermal method through the ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (ZIS) nanosheets grown on the surface of polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPPc). Without the addition of any sacrificial agents, the high-performance photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> under ambient water vapor conditions was accomplished. The optimized 1.5CoPPc/ZIS composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance with a CO evolution of 113.98 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> under the condition of a 4 h reaction and a selectivity of 96.1%, which is an increase of 4.31 and 6.55 times compared to the performance of CoPPc and ZIS, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the 1.5CoPPc/ZIS heterogeneous structure significantly enhances the response to visible light while simultaneously providing a considerable number of active sites, facilitating the adsorption and activation of CO<sub>2</sub>. Meanwhile, the enhanced interfacial interactions between CoPPc and ZIS effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, significantly improving the redox capacity of the composites. It is worth noting that replacing CoPPc with other MPPcs can also accomplish photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. This study offers an innovative design strategy for developing highly efficient solar-driven photocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative assessment of irradiance simulation tools for Building-Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems design 建筑一体化光伏（BIPV）系统设计中辐照度模拟工具的比较评估

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.114281

Hamideh Hossei , Kyoung Hee Kim , Parham Kheirkhah Sangdeh

{"title":"Comparative assessment of irradiance simulation tools for Building-Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems design","authors":"Hamideh Hossei , Kyoung Hee Kim , Parham Kheirkhah Sangdeh","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.114281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate irradiance prediction is crucial for the effective design and performance assessment of BIPVs. This study compares the irradiance outputs of six simulation tools—ClimateStudio, Ladybug, DesignBuilder, Revit Insight, PVGIS, and PVWatts—using a polyhedron geometry designed to represent various BIPV typologies across 26 U.S. locations. Using PVWatts as the benchmark, the Absolute Bias Deviation (ABD) of each tool was calculated relative to the benchmark output. A multi-factor ANOVA was then applied to evaluate the influence of geographic location, surface orientation, installation angle, and tool selection on irradiance prediction differences. The ANOVA results indicated significant effects for all investigated factors (location p < 3.84E-54, orientation p < 1.61E-06, installation angle p < 5.08E-47, and tool p < 8.82E-61). This indicates that all four factors are dominant drivers of the observed prediction deviation. A sensitivity analysis further evaluated each tool’s stability under variations in temporal resolution, material definitions, and weather file version. Geometric ray-tracing tools (ClimateStudio and Ladybug) showed the highest sensitivity to temporal inputs, whereas DesignBuilder, PVWatts and PVGIS exhibited negligible temporal sensitivity. Weather file version was the most influential parameter across all tools, resulting in substantial changes in the predicted irradiance values across all tools. Finally, a weighted qualitative assessment compared all tools in terms of modeling flexibility, visualization capabilities, integration features, and computational efficiency, providing a practical framework for tool selection in BIPV design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anomaly detection, filtering and visualization for Outdoor photovoltaic data 户外光伏数据的异常检测、滤波与可视化

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114351

Goodfriend M. Whyte , Andreas Gerber , Uwe Rau , Bart E. Pieters

{"title":"Anomaly detection, filtering and visualization for Outdoor photovoltaic data","authors":"Goodfriend M. Whyte , Andreas Gerber , Uwe Rau , Bart E. Pieters","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term outdoor testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical for assessing reliability but is often challenged by inconsistent and noisy data, necessitating robust filtering techniques. Traditional threshold-based filtering methods (e.g., irradiance <span><math><mo>></mo><mrow><mn>300</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mi>W</mi><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>) are inadequate for capturing complex data patterns inherent to outdoor data. This study presents an advanced multi-dimensional filtering framework combining Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) for unsupervised classification and visualization. Our approach effectively identifies meaningful data classes, such as conditions of partial shading and fluctuating irradiance levels, enabling the development of targeted filters. Additionally, we employ the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) to detect and remove anomalies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of class-specific filtering—such as the exclusion of partially shaded data—combined with LOF-based anomaly detection, we correct outdoor measurements to Standard Test Conditions (STC) using IEC 60891:2021. Our results show that this methodology achieves higher accuracy than conventional threshold-based filtering while preserving a larger proportion of the data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced photocatalytic ability and antibacterial activity of novel ZrO2/BiOI nanocomposite prepared through solvothermal method 溶剂热法制备的新型ZrO2/BiOI纳米复合材料增强了光催化能力和抗菌活性

IF 6 2区工程技术

Solar Energy Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114322

A. Surya Prabha , A. Matharasi , V. Vinisha , J. Jobisha , Reena Francy Biju , G. Hannah Priya , J. Arul Martin Mani , J. Mary Linet

{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic ability and antibacterial activity of novel ZrO2/BiOI nanocomposite prepared through solvothermal method","authors":"A. Surya Prabha , A. Matharasi , V. Vinisha , J. Jobisha , Reena Francy Biju , G. Hannah Priya , J. Arul Martin Mani , J. Mary Linet","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2026.114322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work a novel ZrO<sub>2</sub>/BiOI nanocomposite is synthesized through solvothermal method and is investigated through various characterisation techniques to study its properties in detail. Through XRD analysis the average crystallite size of the nanocomposite was found to be 46.62 nm. FE-SEM analysis revealed the nanoparticle-nanosheet morphology and the bandgap of the synthesized nanocomposite was found to be in the visible region when analysed through UV–Vis analysis. Through Raman analysis the vibrations in the composite were analysed and the presence of the functional groups were confirmed through FTIR analysis. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of the elements in the desired oxidation state in the nanocomposite. Reduction in the recombination rate as confirmed through PL analysis and increase in the surface area as evident through BET analysis account for the significant photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite against Eosin Blue and Eosin yellow dyes under visible light. The synergistic interaction between ZrO<sub>2</sub> and BiOI has resulted in notable antibacterial efficacy against the four bacteria tested (<em>E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa</em>). Thus, the synthesized nanocomposite is a feasible option for both pollutant degradation and antibacterial treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 114322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0