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Vision Science and its Applications最新文献

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Astigmatic Refraction Measurement With Eccentric Photorefraction — Some Theoretical Considerations — 用偏心光折射测量像散折射-一些理论考虑
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sae.10
R. Kusel, U. Oechsner
{"title":"Astigmatic Refraction Measurement With Eccentric Photorefraction — Some Theoretical Considerations —","authors":"R. Kusel, U. Oechsner","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sae.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sae.10","url":null,"abstract":"Eccentric photorefraction is an objective refraction technique which allows determination of refractive errors in human eyes from a distance of typically 0.5 — 5 m. It is used as an early diagnostic test in infants and small children (Bobier and Braddick [1], Kaakinen, Kaseva and Teir [2], Angi and Cocchiglia [3], Hamer et al. [4]) as well as in animal models of myopia (Schaeffel and Howland [5]).","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128712125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accommodation in the Oscar, Astronotus ocellatus 奥斯卡号的住宿，天文学家
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.sab.1
M. Andison, J. Sivak
{"title":"Accommodation in the Oscar, Astronotus ocellatus","authors":"M. Andison, J. Sivak","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.sab.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.sab.1","url":null,"abstract":"Highly visual, aggressive feeders such as the oscar, Astronotus ocellatus, need a well-developed and effective accommodative apparatus. Since the refractive power of the cornea becomes negligible when the eye is immersed in water, the spherical lens of the teleost eye is its primary refractive element and has a high refractive index (Sivak 1980). The fish eye provides a unique opportunity to study accommodation since the lens is easily visible within the eye. A smooth muscle, the retractor lentis, controls the position of the lens with respect to the retina. In its contracted state, the retractor lentis muscle pulls the lens temporally toward the posterior retina for viewing far targets. As the muscle relaxes, it allows the lens to move both laterally and nasally away from the retina and toward the cornea for viewing near targets.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127280747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rapid Derivation of the Stiles-Crawford Function Using Electrophysiological Responses 利用电生理反应快速推导Stiles-Crawford函数
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.ma.3
E. Sutter
{"title":"Rapid Derivation of the Stiles-Crawford Function Using Electrophysiological Responses","authors":"E. Sutter","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.ma.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.ma.3","url":null,"abstract":"Since its discovery1, the Stiles-Crawford effect has been extensively investigated by means of psychophysical techniques2. Studies were motivated in part by possible application of the effect for the assessment of receptor function in patients. However, as yet, relatively little is known concerning changes of the Stiles-Crawford function in retinal pathology. This may be due to the fact that the psychophysical measurements are time consuming for the operator and demanding on the patient.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127316876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
New Developments toward a Clinical Test of Retinal Ganglion Cell Function 视网膜神经节细胞功能临床检测的新进展
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.mb.4
M. Bearse, E. Sutter, A. Palmowski
{"title":"New Developments toward a Clinical Test of Retinal Ganglion Cell Function","authors":"M. Bearse, E. Sutter, A. Palmowski","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.mb.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.mb.4","url":null,"abstract":"We recently developed a method for extracting a component from the human multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) that is generated by ganglion cells1,2. As its latency depends linearly on the estimated length of ganglion cell axons connecting the site of focal stimulation with the disc, this optic nerve head component (ONHC) is presumed to originate from the axons where myelination begins1,2. A second, retinal component (RC) has an invariant latency.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"282 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
On The True Shape of the Optical Point Spread Function in the Human Eye 人眼光学点扩展函数的真形研究
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.saa1
R. Navarro, M. Losada
{"title":"On The True Shape of the Optical Point Spread Function in the Human Eye","authors":"R. Navarro, M. Losada","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.saa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.saa1","url":null,"abstract":"There are basically three different approaches to assess in vivo the optical quality of the retinal image of the eye [1], but none of them is able to provide a reliable estimate of the true shape of the Point Spread Function, PSF. Interferometric methods can provide accurate estimates of the ocular MTF, but to obtain the PSF the Phase Transfer Function, PTF is also needed. The PSF can be computed from wave aberration data. However, the reliability of these computations is unclear, since in practice, it is difficult to measure higher order aberrations, which may have an important contribution to the optical quality of the retinal image. Finally, the double pass method directly provides the aerial PSF, which, however, is affected twice by ocular aberrations. Furthermore, it has been recently shown [2] that the double-pass aerial PSF is actually the autocorrelation of the retinal PSF, which means that the single pass MTF can be accurately estimated, but the PTF is lost. Therefore, the true PSF can not be estimated, and odd aberrations such as coma are symmetrized in the double passage so that they can not be determined.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130792332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Peripheral Optical Quality on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity 周边光学质量对空间对比灵敏度的影响
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sae1
N. J. Coletta, Vineeta Sharma, J. Carter
{"title":"Effect of Peripheral Optical Quality on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity","authors":"N. J. Coletta, Vineeta Sharma, J. Carter","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.sae1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sae1","url":null,"abstract":"The optical quality of the human eye is best for central vision and worsens for peripheral viewing conditions; most observers exhibit marked astigmatism for off-axis viewing (Jennings and Charman, 1981; Navarro, Artal and Williams, 1993). Whether or not correction of peripheral refractive error improves visual performance seems to depend on the visual task. For example, visual acuity may not increase with peripheral correction but perimetric thresholds can be improved (see discussion in Jennings and Charman, 1981).","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130960321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Temporal Aspects of Letter Identification in the Peripheral Visual Field 周边视野中字母识别的时间方面
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.4
W. Seiple, Y. Shnayder, Alexander Kizhnerman, K. Holopigian, J. Szlyk
{"title":"Temporal Aspects of Letter Identification in the Peripheral Visual Field","authors":"W. Seiple, Y. Shnayder, Alexander Kizhnerman, K. Holopigian, J. Szlyk","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.4","url":null,"abstract":"Many aspects of visual function have been shown to decrease in the peripheral retina. Letter acuity, grating acuity and contrast sensitivity all decrease as a function of retinal eccentricity (Westheimer, 1982). However, increased temporal sensitivity of the peripheral retina has been reported. For example, critical flicker frequency (CFF) and the peak of the modulation transfer functions increase with eccentricity (Hartman, Lachenmayer and Brettel, 1979; Virsu and Rovamo, 1979; Rovamo and Raninen, 1984; Tyler, 1985). We have previously documented, using electrophysiological and psychophysical techniques, that the locus of the increased temporal sensitivity of the peripheral retina begins at the level of the outer retina in humans (Seiple and Holopigian, 1996). In the current study, we examined whether the increased temporal detection sensitivity of the peripheral retina to uniformly illuminated targets was correlated with temporal aspects of letter identification. We also included a task which ensured central fixation in these experiments.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130997929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Off-Axis Ocular Monochromatic Aberrations Estimated From Double Pass Measurements 从双通道测量估计的离轴眼单色差
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.fb.3
A. Guirao, P. Artal
{"title":"Off-Axis Ocular Monochromatic Aberrations Estimated From Double Pass Measurements","authors":"A. Guirao, P. Artal","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.fb.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.fb.3","url":null,"abstract":"Although ocular aberrations increase largely for objects located off-axis, the peripheral image quality has been relatively ignored in comparison with the widely studied foveal optical performance. Previous work has been concentrated in the off-axis refraction and oblique astigmatism (1-3), and the overall image quality expressed through the modulation transfer function (MTF) obtained with the double pass method as a function of the retinal eccentricity (4-6). In this study, we perform an analysis of the monochromatic aberrations that affects the retinal images in the periphery. This extends previous works, where the use of conventional versions of the double pass apparatus failed to obtain information on the off-axis asymmetric aberrations, mainly coma. The results show the relative contribution of the main aberrations we found off-axis: defocus, astigmatism and coma.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130498257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disability Glare with Retinal Position of the Detection Stimulus and the Temporal Relations Between the Glare Source and Detection Stimulus as Variables 以检测刺激的视网膜位置和眩光源与检测刺激的时间关系为变量的残疾眩光
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sae11
J. Meng, I. C. Bichao, D. Yager, H. Zhan, Janice Cheung
{"title":"Disability Glare with Retinal Position of the Detection Stimulus and the Temporal Relations Between the Glare Source and Detection Stimulus as Variables","authors":"J. Meng, I. C. Bichao, D. Yager, H. Zhan, Janice Cheung","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.sae11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sae11","url":null,"abstract":"One of the reasons that tests of disability glare have been developed is to attempt to provide a quick and reliable clinical estimate of how much a patient might suffer in visual impairment, in everyday life when confronted with a bright source of light in his or her visual environment. The main early complaint of many of these patients is that glare impairs their night driving.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123363969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Caustics in Astigmatic Optical Systems 散像光学系统中的焦散
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.fb.1
Charles Campbell
{"title":"Caustics in Astigmatic Optical Systems","authors":"Charles Campbell","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.fb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.fb.1","url":null,"abstract":"Caustics in the optical systems are created when, among other things, spherical aberration is present. When astigmatism is also present several new interesting effects are introduced. Using a ray vector field formalism, a treatment of the combined effects of the spherical aberration and astigmatism is given. The double caustic lines which have been shown to cause monocular diplopia are found and their character quantified.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126242488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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