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Vision Science and its Applications最新文献

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Dynamics of Refractive Changes and Lens and Ciliary Body Movements in Rhesus Monkey Eyes During Edinger-Westphal Nucleus Stimulated Accommodation 恒河猴眼在Edinger-Westphal核刺激调节过程中折射变化及晶状体和睫状体运动的动态
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.1
A. Glasser, P. Kaufman
{"title":"Dynamics of Refractive Changes and Lens and Ciliary Body Movements in Rhesus Monkey Eyes During Edinger-Westphal Nucleus Stimulated Accommodation","authors":"A. Glasser, P. Kaufman","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.1","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have explored dynamic changes in the accommodative elements of the eye in relation to presbyopia (Schaeffel, et al., 1993; Beers & Van Der Heijde, 1994, 1996; Kaufman, et al., 1997). In the normal human eye the only aspect of the accommodative apparatus readily accessible for dynamic studies is the lens. Although measurements of dynamic changes in lens thickness have been made (Beers & Van Der Heijde, 1994, 1996), they provide no information on the relationship between movements of the extralenticular accommodative apparatus and the refractive changes in the eye or how these relationships changes with age and presbyopia. Recent work has shown age changes in movements of the accommodative elements of the iridectomized rhesus monkey eye (Kaufman, et al, 1997). Further studies of age changes in the extralenticular accommodative apparatus are underway and we present for the first time, results from this work relating mechanical movements of the extralenticular accommodative apparatus to refractive and lenticular changes in the eyes of young accommodating rhesus monkeys. This work aims to characterize and describe normal dynamic relationships between the extralenticular accommodative apparatus and the lens. Rhesus monkeys are ideal subjects for these studies since young animals have high accommodative amplitudes, they develop presbyopia with the same relative age course as humans, and surgical removal of the iris and implantation of stimulating electrodes in the midbrain facilitates imaging of the ciliary body and lens equator during electrically stimulated accommodation (Crawford, et al., 1989; Neider, et al., 1990).","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132999247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Video-based eye tracker: A clinical tool in assessing binocular vision? 基于视频的眼动仪:评估双眼视力的临床工具?
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.sua.3
E. Irving, HC Goltz, M. Steinbach
{"title":"Video-based eye tracker: A clinical tool in assessing binocular vision?","authors":"E. Irving, HC Goltz, M. Steinbach","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.sua.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sua.3","url":null,"abstract":"The electro-oculogram (EOG) historically has been the most common clinically-used objective eye movement recording device. EOG is based upon the corneo-retinal potential difference1 and has many limitations2-4. More recently photoelectric techniques have been used to objectively record eye-movements. These instruments also have a limited linear range2. Eye movements can be recorded accurately using a magnetic search coil5, but this requires that a contact lens annulus containing the coil be placed on the patient's eye. The procedure tends to be time-consuming and is not well tolerated by a significant number of patients. Video technology has lead to a new generation of user and patient-friendly, non-invasive eye tracking devices. One such instrument, the El-Mar 2020 (Downsview, Ontario) eye-tracker, calculates eye rotation from the differences between the corneal reflections and the center of the pupil. This makes head stabilization unnecessary for accurate tracking, as it eliminates artifacts caused by lateral motion of the camera with respect to the head. These translation artifacts can be quite large (1 mm = 5 degrees for pupil tracking only, 1 mm = 10 degrees for corneal reflection tracking only). The system is free from drift, has a maximum resolution of 6 minutes of arc, a 120Hz sampling rate and a linear range of +/-40 and +/-30 degrees in the horizontal and vertical meridia respectively6. The instrument has been compared favorably to the magnetic search coil for oculomotor testing in humans6.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132670914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Wearer power measurement of progressive addition lenses 渐进式附加镜片的佩戴者度数测量
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.3
Patrick Bertrand
{"title":"Wearer power measurement of progressive addition lenses","authors":"Patrick Bertrand","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.3","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate measurement of PALs (Progressive Addition Lenses) is not\u0000 an easy subject. Several reviews have already been done on it.1,2.\u0000 Here, we would like to make an up-to-date review on the ability of\u0000 measurement systems for measuring the power that is useful for the\u0000 wearer, and that we call the wearer power.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"1 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Vision Science in the Developing World: Challenges, Opportunities, Problems, and Example 发展中国家的视觉科学:挑战、机遇、问题和实例
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.fd1
J. Enoch
{"title":"Vision Science in the Developing World: Challenges, Opportunities, Problems, and Example","authors":"J. Enoch","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.fd1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.fd1","url":null,"abstract":"General problem: For some considerable period of time, world-wide human population has been growing exponentially. During the past several decades, infant and maternal mortality has been reduced, and world population has been aging rapidly. In the \"under-developed world\", population control is at best rudimentary. Fortunately, recent reports suggest that progress is being made in at least some venues. In parallel, there are limited resources for increasing food production (resulting from inefficient use of available farm lands, exhaustion and erosion of soils, and destruction of forests); inadequate provisions are made for health care and training of health care providers; restricted funds and personnel are available for provision of infrastructure; educational opportunities are limited; and social and health care \"nets\" are lacking for most individuals living in such settings. The entire situation is becoming ever less tenable.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Slope of Frequency-of-Seeing Curves in Normal, Amblyopic and Pathologic Vision 正常视力、弱视和病理性视力的视频曲线斜率
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.sud.3
S. Demirel, Chris A. Johnson, R. Fendrich, A. Vingrys
{"title":"The Slope of Frequency-of-Seeing Curves in Normal, Amblyopic and Pathologic Vision","authors":"S. Demirel, Chris A. Johnson, R. Fendrich, A. Vingrys","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.sud.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sud.3","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been known that threshold variability is increased in glaucoma.1 Furthermore, it has been suggested that increased variability may be one of the earliest signs of visual dysfunction in this disease.1-3 There is debate, as to the mechanisms responsible for the increased variability. One theory suggests that increased variability is due to a reduced signal to noise ratio in diseased neurons. Another theory asserts that increased variability is due in part to eye movements, whereby small fixation shifts allow retinal areas with vastly different sensitivities to contribute to the measured threshold.4-6 The current study controlled the effect of fixation shifts by producing retinally stabilized stimuli. Psychometric variability was defined in terms of the slope of frequency-of-seeing (FOS) curves generated using a method of constant stimuli (MOCS) paradigm.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124243535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
How Big Must Letters be for Patients with Central Field Loss to Read Rsvp Text at their Maximum Rate? 对于中央视野丧失的患者来说，字母必须多大才能以最大速度阅读回复文本?
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.1
K. Aquilante, D. Yager, Robert A. Morris
{"title":"How Big Must Letters be for Patients with Central Field Loss to Read Rsvp Text at their Maximum Rate?","authors":"K. Aquilante, D. Yager, Robert A. Morris","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.1","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic text displays like Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) and SCROLL are well suited to the study of reading by low vision patients because text can be magnified to sizes that are not practical for conventional page formats, while maintaining acceptable working distances (Fine and Peli, 1995). Even at high magnification, a video display with scrolling text may allow four to six characters to be displayed at one time. A four to six character window size has been found to be the minimum window size that allows low vision readers to obtain near maximum reading rates for drifting text (Legge, et al., 1985).","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114394372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of Degraded Vision on Task Performance and Subjective Confidence 视力退化对任务表现和主观信心的影响
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.fc.3
G. Gibbs, E. Casson
{"title":"Effects of Degraded Vision on Task Performance and Subjective Confidence","authors":"G. Gibbs, E. Casson","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.fc.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.fc.3","url":null,"abstract":"Current vision standards for the Canadian Forces (CF), like preceding standards, are based on historical precedent and expert opinion.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117171444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Apodization, Point Spread Variance, and Wave Front Variance apoization, Point Spread Variance, and Wave Front Variance
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.suc.4
H. Howland, R. Applegate
{"title":"Apodization, Point Spread Variance, and Wave Front Variance","authors":"H. Howland, R. Applegate","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.suc.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.suc.4","url":null,"abstract":"Apodization influences the intensity of rays passing through various portions of the pupil aperture. In a ray-tracing computation of the point spread, each ray at the image plane is weighted by the apodizing factor of the portion of the pupil through which it passed. In computing the variance, or second moment, of the point spread, for example, the squares of the distances of the rays from the center of the point spread are weighted by the apodizing factor associated with the portion of the pupil through which they passed, e.g, Stiles-Crawford apodization (1,2): Here we seek to find an attenuation of the wave aberration at the pupil, using a function of the apodizing factor that would result in a point spread of variance equivalent to that of the apodized unattenuated aberrated wave.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123992399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in Amacrine Cell Numbers and Morphology in Response To Induced Myopia and Hyperopia 诱发性近视眼和远视后无毛细胞数量和形态的变化
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.2
S. T. Wong, J. Sivak, A. Bal, M. Callender, A.J. Bakelaar
{"title":"Changes in Amacrine Cell Numbers and Morphology in Response To Induced Myopia and Hyperopia","authors":"S. T. Wong, J. Sivak, A. Bal, M. Callender, A.J. Bakelaar","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.2","url":null,"abstract":"Myopia and hyperopia have been artificially induced in animal models by\u0000 various manipulations of their early visual environment. Ametropias\u0000 have been produced using lid suture1, changing illumination levels\u0000 (dark-rearing2, constant light3, dim lighting4), intra-ocular\u0000 injections5, treatment with defocussing lenses6, and the application\u0000 of translucent occluders7. Abnormal ocular growth appears to be a\u0000 major factor that causes ametropia. Myopic eyes are enlarged, while\u0000 hyperopic eyes are smaller compared to control eyes. Changes in the\u0000 sclera8, choroid9, and orbital bone10 surrounding the affected eyes\u0000 also reflect abnormal growth mechanisms. Various studies11,12,13\u0000 suggest that the signal or signals which control eye growth may arise\u0000 from within the retina itself. It has been suggested that retinal\u0000 amacrine cells play a role in mediating ocular growth8. This study\u0000 examines how dopaminergic and serotonergic amacrine cells are\u0000 quantitatively and qualitatively affected by induced myopia and\u0000 hyperopia.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125939907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corneal topography volume maps for predicting rigid contact lens centration and motion 用于预测硬性隐形眼镜集中和运动的角膜地形图
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.ma.1
S. Klein, John Corzine, Jonathan Kung
{"title":"Corneal topography volume maps for predicting rigid contact lens centration and motion","authors":"S. Klein, John Corzine, Jonathan Kung","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.ma.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.ma.1","url":null,"abstract":"For a rigid contact lens to perform well on an eye, several criteria must be met (Mandell, 1988).","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128388434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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