Vision Science and its Applications最新文献_第10页

Ouasielastic light scattering from the aging human lens in vivo 老化人体晶状体的非弹性光散射

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.fd3

G. Thurston, D. L. Hayden, Pendra Burrows, John I. Clark, V. G. Taret, Joel Kandel, Maria Courogen, J. Peetermans, M. Bowen, David Miller, K. Sullivan, Rainer Storb, Hal Stern, G. Benedek

引用次数: 2

Quantitative Topographic and Tomographic Measurements of the Human Retina by Dual Beam Partial Coherence Interferometry 双光束部分相干干涉法对人视网膜的定量地形和层析测量

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sac4

W. Drexler, C. Hitzenberger, A. Baumgartner, H. Sattmann, A. Fercher

引用次数: 0

Influence of combined power error and astigmatism on visual acuity 综合功率误差和散光对视力的影响

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sae6

Catherine Fauquier, Thierry Bonnin, C. Miège, E. Roland

引用次数: 7

Ocular Refractive Development Affects Skull (Orbital) Development 眼屈光发育影响颅骨(眶)发育

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.sab.2

K. T. Wilson, J. Sivak, M. Callender

{"title":"Ocular Refractive Development Affects Skull (Orbital) Development","authors":"K. T. Wilson, J. Sivak, M. Callender","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.sab.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.sab.2","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments carried out over the last two decades have shown that it is possible to induce refractive errors in the eyes of young animals by distorting early visual experience. Because of their precocial nature and the fact that they grow and develop rapidly, domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) have been used extensively in this research. Earlier work involved depriving the developing eye of clear form vision, either by suturing the eyelids together or by mounting a translucent occluder over one eye (Lauber and Oishi, 1987; Pickett-Seltner et al., 1988). This treatment invariably leads to an axial elongation of the eye and myopia (near-sightedness). More recently, it has been shown that it is possible to induce both myopia and hyperopia (far-sightedness) in chicks by defocussing the retinal image of the developing eye with convex and concave spectacle lenses (Schaeffel et al., 1988). The range of refractive errors induced was extended through the use of lightweight contact lenses mounted over the treated eye (Irving et al., 1992). Basically, a concave lens simulates the condition of hyperopia, causing a compensatory increase in eye growth with the result that the eye is myopic when the lens is removed. The opposite occurs (ie. a slowing of eye growth) with convex lenses. Experiments have shown that newly hatched chicks will compensate accurately (within 4 to 7 days) to defocus of between -10 and +15 diopters (Irving et al., 1992). Astigmatic refractive states can also be induced with cylindrical defocussing lenses (Irving et al., 1995). The astigmatic effect displays a meridional sensitivity and is due to induced corneal astigmatism, possibly coupled with some lenticular astigmatism. While these studies have addressed changes in refractive state and dimensions of the eye, virtually no attention has been directed to the effects of these changes on the surrounding orbital tissues, notably the bones of the orbit. In the following report, we demonstrate that, in the chick, ocular growth and development is coupled to growth and development of the orbits.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132878961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Changes in Focal Length and Spherical Aberration of the Human Crystalline Lens with Ageing 人体晶状体焦距和球差随年龄的变化

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.ma.3

A. Glasser, M. Campbell

{"title":"Changes in Focal Length and Spherical Aberration of the Human Crystalline Lens with Ageing","authors":"A. Glasser, M. Campbell","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.ma.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.ma.3","url":null,"abstract":"The human lens undergoes many changes during ageing that compromise vision. Many of these changes are relatively poorly characterized due to the difficulties of measuring optical properties of the human lens in vivo. We have undertaken a study of human eye bank eyes to better understand some of the effects of aging on the human lens which may help to understand presbyopia and the lens paradox. The lens continues to grow throughout life resulting in an increase in axial thickness1 and increased curvatures2. This would be expected to result in an increasing lens power that, without compensatory changes in the eye, would cause a myopic shift with ageing. However, presbyopia results in exactly the opposite effect, namely a loss of near vision. Changes in the refractive index distribution in the lens have been suggested to account for this ‘lens paradox’3,4. Previous studies have attempted to model changes in the refractive index distribution with ageing, but these models are in part based on assumptions that have not been verified for the human lens. In addition, in order to completely understand how the lens contributes to visual function in the eye it is necessary to consider the interaction of the lens optics with the cornea and the comeal-lens separation.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decline in ERG Maximum a-wave and b-wave Amplitudes with Age ERG最大a波和b波振幅随年龄的下降

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.tub1

M. Breton, Monica B. Patel

{"title":"Decline in ERG Maximum a-wave and b-wave Amplitudes with Age","authors":"M. Breton, Monica B. Patel","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.tub1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.tub1","url":null,"abstract":"Growth in the population over age 60 has increased the clinical importance of diseases of the retina associated with aging. The electroretinogram (ERG), long used as a test of retinal function, has potential for providing important clinical insight for retinal diseases of aging patients. However, interpretation of the ERG is complicated by the well documented, but less well understood, decline in response amplitude as a function of increasing age. Insight into factors leading to ERG amplitude decline with age may be provided by study of receptoral changes, reflected in the a-wave component, compared to changes in inner retinal function, reflected in the b-wave component (Pearlman, 1983). Breton et al (1994) and others (Hood and Birch, 1994) have developed a method of ERG a-wave analysis that yields parameters interpretable in terms of total rod dark current (amax), a constant of transduction amplification (A), and a brief delay associated with cascade molecular interactions (t'eff). This analysis is based on a quantitative model of the G-protein mediated phototransduction cascade proposed by Lamb and Pugh (1992). For purposes of this study, an important feature of the Breton et al (1994) procedure and analysis is the recording of rod response at high stimulus intensities where saturated a-wave and b-wave component amplitudes (amax and bmax) can be effectively measured with minimal algebraic interference with one another (Breton and Montzka, 1992). Based on this approach, changes in ERG amplitudes during development and aging can be used to infer changes in underlying retinal mechanisms. We use this approach to measure maximum a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and receptor transduction response as a function of age in human infants, toddlers and adults from several days up to 80 years.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134360722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Closed Road Sign Recognition Performance from Vision Tests 从视觉测试预测封闭道路标志识别性能

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.fc.2

K. Higgins, J. Wood

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Defocused MTF and Spatial Frequencies Needed for Letter Recognition 离焦MTF与字母识别所需空间频率的关系

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sae8

A. Lang, V. Lakshminarayanan

{"title":"The Relationship between Defocused MTF and Spatial Frequencies Needed for Letter Recognition","authors":"A. Lang, V. Lakshminarayanan","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.sae8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sae8","url":null,"abstract":"In 1990, Frank Thom and Faye Schwartz published an interesting study of the effects of defocus on letter and sine-wave gratings. By comparing with theoretical estimates of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the observer's eye, they concluded that \"letters are recognizable only if the spatial components used for recognition are free of spurious resolution or phase reversals\". Because recognition requires both sufficient spatial frequencies and above-threshold contrast, this suggests that the highest spatial frequencies required for letter recognition are limited by the threshold contrast and do not exceed the first \"zero crossing\" of the MTF of the observer's retinal image. Since this conclusion is crucial to the development of any model predictive of clinical measures of human visual performance [Lang, 1993], we tested it using a method which allows concurrent assessment of letter images and measurement of the MTF of an optical model of the human eye which generates the images. As seen below, this procedure allows correlation of letter recognition with the location of spurious modulation. It does not measure contrast levels for threshold recognition.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114561897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Enhanced S Cone Syndrome: Testing An Explanation for Hypersensitivity of the S Cone System 增强S锥综合征:测试S锥系统超敏的一种解释

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.mb1

V. Greenstein, D. Hood, A. Cideciyan, S. Jacobson

引用次数: 0

Predicting Variations in Visual Performance caused by Optical Defects - 2 预测由光学缺陷引起的视觉表现变化- 2

Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.fd.3

N. Strang, D. Atchison, R. Woods

引用次数: 5