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Vision Science and its Applications最新文献

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The Effects of Radial Keratotomy on the Asphericity of the Cornea 桡骨角膜切开术对角膜非球度的影响
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.sub.3
J. Schwiegerling, J. Greivenkamp, Joseph M. Miller, R. Snyder, M. Palmer
{"title":"The Effects of Radial Keratotomy on the Asphericity of the Cornea","authors":"J. Schwiegerling, J. Greivenkamp, Joseph M. Miller, R. Snyder, M. Palmer","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.sub.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.sub.3","url":null,"abstract":"Radial Keratotomy (RK) causes at least three different changes in the shape of the corneal surface. Each change alters the optical properties of the surface. The first alteration is a flattening in the base curvature of the eye, which modifies the overall optical power of the eye. A second more subtle change is in the asphericity of the cornea. The asphericity of the cornea does not affect the overall power of the eye, but influences visual performance by controlling the amount of spherical aberration in the eye. Finally, there are higher-order variations in the corneal surface resulting from the RK incision pattern, which can cause a more complex change in visual performance.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Variation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Function with Blood Glucose as Measured with the Fast Oscillation of the Electro-Oculogram 视网膜色素上皮功能随血糖变化的眼电快速振荡测量
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.ma.1
B. Fortune, M. Schneck, Happy Hong, A. Adams
{"title":"Variation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Function with Blood Glucose as Measured with the Fast Oscillation of the Electro-Oculogram","authors":"B. Fortune, M. Schneck, Happy Hong, A. Adams","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.ma.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.ma.1","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously demonstrated that functional changes in the visual system accompany fluctuations in blood glucose occurring over minutes or hours. These changes in vision function occur in both diabetic and non-diabetic observers and can be demonstrated psychophysically1 as well as with visually-evoked cortical potentials (VEP's)2.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126355221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Economic Analysis of Screening for Amblyopia: Influences of Prevalence, Test Cost, Test Quality, Value of Detection, Sensitivity and Specificity 弱视筛查的经济分析:患病率、检测成本、检测质量、检测价值、敏感性和特异性的影响
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.suc4
H. Howland
{"title":"An Economic Analysis of Screening for Amblyopia: Influences of Prevalence, Test Cost, Test Quality, Value of Detection, Sensitivity and Specificity","authors":"H. Howland","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.suc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.suc4","url":null,"abstract":"When is it profitable to screen for amblyopia? In order to answer this question, we must place some values on the various outcomes of screening. What is the value of finding an amblyope at an early age? What is the cost of a false positive, a false negative, or a true negative? Because it is not easy to provide answers to these questions, the method of this paper is to investigate a range of assumptions, the possible values in this pay-off matrix. These are coupled with screening tests of various quality in order to find the minimum prevalence of the disease for which it would be profitable to screen. Indeed, the prevalence of amblyopia is itself unknown, variously estimated at between 0.05 and 0.005 (Ciuffreda et al. 1991; Oliver & Nawratzki, 1971) in normal populations.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"716 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122622303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Visual Acuity Development of Term Infants Fed ω3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) Supplemented Formula ω3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)补充配方奶粉对足月婴儿视力发育的影响
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.1
E. Birch, D. PhD, David Birch, R. Uauy, M. Bane, Yolanda S. Castañeda, C. Prestidge
{"title":"Visual Acuity Development of Term Infants Fed ω3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) Supplemented Formula","authors":"E. Birch, D. PhD, David Birch, R. Uauy, M. Bane, Yolanda S. Castañeda, C. Prestidge","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.1","url":null,"abstract":"While breast-feeding provides optimal nutrition for healthy infants, maternal health, social, and/or economic factors may constrain a mother's ability to provide human milk. Formula feeding provides a safe and effective alternative source of nutrition. In response to ongoing research, formula composition is revised to more closely mimic human milk in providing essential nutrients to support optimal growth and development. During the last decade, supplementation of infant formula with ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been a major focus of infant nutrition research. ω3 LCPUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in extremely high concentration in photoreceptor outer segments and in cerebral cortex.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photokinetic Analysis of Primate Cone Responses Implies Qualitative Differences from Rod Transduction 灵长类视锥反应的光动力学分析暗示了与杆转导的质的差异
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.ma1
C. Tyler, R. Hamer
{"title":"Photokinetic Analysis of Primate Cone Responses Implies Qualitative Differences from Rod Transduction","authors":"C. Tyler, R. Hamer","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.ma1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.ma1","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis of functional disorders of the human retina is based on indirect measures of retinal function, such as psychophysical response functions and electroretinography. Interpretation of the data obtained by such measures requires an accurate model of the processes underlying the retinal responses. Recent progress in this regard has been made by Hood and Birch (1993) and others for rod function, but a comprehensive model for the nonlinear behavior of human cone responses has not been attempted.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125227464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MNREAD Acuity Test Reliability in Patients with Age-Related Maculopathy 年龄相关性黄斑病变患者的MNREAD视力测试信度
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.thb.2
M. Bane, G. Fish, R. Spencer, Susan E. Moushegian
{"title":"MNREAD Acuity Test Reliability in Patients with Age-Related Maculopathy","authors":"M. Bane, G. Fish, R. Spencer, Susan E. Moushegian","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.thb.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.thb.2","url":null,"abstract":"The recently developed MNREAD ACUITY CHARTSR have been suggested to be very useful tools for clinical examination and research in patients with low vision1. The MNREAD charts were designed to address limitations found with standard near optotype acuity tests. The design of many standard near acuity tests is not consistent with currently accepted acuity chart guidelines2, and it has been found that standard optotype acuities are poor predictors of reading performance3 and the ability to use low vision aids4. A potential advantage of the MNREAD charts is that they can be used to quantify reading speed across a range of sentence character sizes in patients with low vision. Previous studies have found that MNREAD measures of reading acuity, optimal character size and critical character size are very useful indices for characterizing reading abilities in patients with low vision1,5-6. However, the MNREAD charts are relatively new, and little is known about the test-retest reliability of MNREAD measures in patients with low vision.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123239147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustained Masking More Local than Transient Masking in a Spatio-Temporal Discrimination Model 时空分辨模型中持续掩蔽比瞬态掩蔽更具有局部性
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.pdp.1
A. Ahumada, B. Beard, R. Eriksson
{"title":"Sustained Masking More Local than Transient Masking in a Spatio-Temporal Discrimination Model","authors":"A. Ahumada, B. Beard, R. Eriksson","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.pdp.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.pdp.1","url":null,"abstract":"To fit a spatio-temporal discrimination model to masking data the sustained channel contrast masking was made more local than that of the transient channel.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"9 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123778251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cone Photoreceptor Directionality and The Optical Density of the Cone Photopigments 锥光感受器的方向性和锥光色素的光密度
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.saa.1
S. Burns, Shuang Wu, A. Elsner
{"title":"Cone Photoreceptor Directionality and The Optical Density of the Cone Photopigments","authors":"S. Burns, Shuang Wu, A. Elsner","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.saa.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.saa.1","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the structure of the retina changes rapidly away from the center of the fovea. The cones become wider and shorter, and rods are present within the photoreceptor array. To examine the effect of changes in retinal structure with retinal eccentricity, the current paper compares the properties of the retinal photoreceptors as a function of retinal position. These measurements of the structural and functional properties of the foveal cone photoreceptors are important for both clinical and basic research questions. Clinically it is known that cone photopigment density is reduced by a number of disease processes. In addition the alignment of the cones towards the center of the pupil of the eye is also affected by a number of diseases1-4. In addition, a number of laboratories have begun investigating new techniques for imaging the photoreceptors in vivo5-6. These techniques typically require capturing the light exiting the eye and either correcting for the aberrations caused by the optics of the eye, or using coherent techniques that are less affected by the optics of the eye. These techniques require using a moderately large pupil (5-8 mm) to obtain the necessary resolution. However, we have shown that if light is collected over the entire pupil, then some of the light has been guided back out of the eye by the cone photoreceptor optics, and the other portion has been scattered. Since the directed light occupies only a portion of the pupil area, techniques dependent on light returning from the retina may be affected by variations in the waveguide properties of the cones with variations of retinal position.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling the Optical Properties of the Aging Human Crystalline Lens from Computer Processed Scheimpflug Images in Relation to the Lens Paradox 利用计算机处理的Scheimpflug图像对老化人体晶状体的光学特性进行建模，与透镜悖论有关
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sae3
C. A. Cook, J. Koretz
{"title":"Modeling the Optical Properties of the Aging Human Crystalline Lens from Computer Processed Scheimpflug Images in Relation to the Lens Paradox","authors":"C. A. Cook, J. Koretz","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.sae3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sae3","url":null,"abstract":"Of the many methods that have been developed (e.g., phakometry, NMI, etc.) for non-invasive measurement of the geometry of the anterior segment, at present Scheimpflug photography offers the best resolution and the highest accuracy. The primary obstacle encountered with this or any other image based method has been obtaining quantitative measurements of the position and curvature of lens surfaces and zone boundaries from the images directly. Image enhancement (Sobel gradient scanning), and pattern recognition methods (Hough transformation and recursive least squares algorithms) have been applied successfully to this problem. These techniques have been described previously [1] as well as the algorithms used to correct for nonuniform Scheimpflug camera scaling. Combined, these techniques yield representations of lens geometry having sufficient accuracy that ray tracing can be applied to determine lens optical properties from well poised models with one unknown. The image processing methods will be reviewed as an introduction.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Multi-focal electroretinography in diabetic retinopathy 糖尿病视网膜病变的多病灶视网膜电成像
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.thc.2
A. Palmowski, M. Bearse, E. Sutter
{"title":"Multi-focal electroretinography in diabetic retinopathy","authors":"A. Palmowski, M. Bearse, E. Sutter","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.thc.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.thc.2","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (Dm) is a major cause of visual loss5 which may be prevented by good blood sugar control as well as timely retinal laser-photocoagulation. The mechanism of action of photocoagulation is not entirely clear yet. However destroying ischemic retinal areas is thought to reduce the production of angiogenic factors and thereby reduce neovascularizations and their complications. One problem is that the optimal time to induce laser treatment is often well before the diabetic patient is symptomatically affected. Even slitlamp examination does not always show signs of early retinopathy. Avascular retinal areas that may only be seen in fluorescein-angiography signify a 'point of no return' in the course of diabetic retinopathy6.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121126937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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