Vision Science and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"Coma and Design Characteristics of Progressive Addition Lenses","authors":"R. Dorsch, P. Baumbach","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.saa.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.saa.3","url":null,"abstract":"The visual performance of progressive addition lenses (PAL’s) is commonly described by calculation tools which do not include the pupil size as a parameter. In order to overcome this, the relative optical performance (ROP) was introduced [1, 2]. The ROP can be used for a qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as for a general characterization of different PAL designs.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128991443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for My-cell Involvement in the Spatial Frequency Doubled Illusion as Revealed by a Multiple Region PERG for Glaucoma","authors":"A. James, T. Maddess, K. Rouhan, S. Bedford, M. Snowball","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.tub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.tub3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence suggests that glaucoma leads to early loss of large retinal ganglion cells1,2 projecting to the Magnocellular layers of the dLGN: the so called \"M\" retinal ganglion cells. It is necessary for the present study, to appreciate that there are two subgroups of M-cells, the Mx-cells which are quite linear, and the nonlinearly responding My-cells, where the subscripts indicate physiological similarities with cat X and Y-cells3. In particular the retinal gain control described by Shapley and Victor4 for cat X and Y cells is strongly expressed in primate M- cells5. Except at very low temporal frequencies the quadratic response of Y-cells is larger than the linear response, especially at low spatial frequencies6, and the gain control effects Y-cells more, especially their quadratic response7. At least three studies indicate that My-cells are larger than Mx- cells8,9,10. Therefore, methods for glaucoma diagnosis should perhaps appeal to My-cell physiology, e.g. the strong effects of gain control upon their nonlinear responses.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124735416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of surfaces by automated infrared photoretinoscopy","authors":"F. Schaeffel, S. Weiss, H. Howland","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.fc.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.fc.3","url":null,"abstract":"A photoretinoscope with infrared light-emitting diodes (LED) operating simultaneously from different eccentricities creates an almost linear change in brightness across the pupillary meridian perpendicular to the knife edge (Schaeffel et al., 1993a). The slope of the brightness profile, in turn, is almost linearly related to refractive error over a range of +5 to -5D. Using digitized video images, the procedures to find the pupil and to measure the slope can be fully automated and run at 25/30Hz (Schaeffel et al., 1993b). The precision of detection of differences in refraction are comparable to the depth of focus of the eye (0.25 D).","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126664047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Actinic Mechanism for Cataractogenesis","authors":"L. Kwok, M. Coroneo","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.5","url":null,"abstract":"The crystalline lens is a critical component of the human ocular media. Loss of transparency of the lens substance can lead to significant loss of vision with concomitant impairment of lifestyle and mobility.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Image Psychophysics Software and Calibrator for Macintosh Systems","authors":"C. Tyler, Brennan McBride","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.sad.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.sad.4","url":null,"abstract":"The core function of noninvasive psychophysical testing is the measurement of contrast sensitivity for spatial patterns specified with some mathematical luminance profile and a controlled time course. Desk-top computers would appear to be ideally suited for such a task and yet most of the software for such computers requires special-purpose hardware modifications and software that requires programming to achieve the desired experimental configuration. In particular, there seems to be no convenient software that take advantage of the graphics sophistication of the Macintosh computer.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116183172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of the scattering characteristics of the eye in relation to pupil size","authors":"J. Barbur, D. Edgar, E. G. Woodward","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.sud3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sud3","url":null,"abstract":"When the amount of scattered light in the eye is large, either as a result of changes in the structure of the eye or the presence of intense sources of light, this results in significant impairment of vision, sometimes described as disability glare (Vos and Bouman, 1959; Vos, 1984). The effects of scattered light on image resolution and sharpness can be quite significant, with massive loss of sensitivity particularly in the high frequency range (Hess and Woo, 1978; Koch and Lie, 1990). A gradual increase in scattered light with age makes it possible for the visual system to adapt to a lower image contrast and hence to tolerate as acceptable a poor level of image quality (IJspeert et al, 1990). Scattered light does not cause an immediate decrease in Snellen Acuity (which is usually measured with high-contrast letters). This apparently normal performance explains why increased scatter in often undetected in routine eye examinations. The effects of scattered light on visual performance become more apparent in patients with opacities of the ocular media following refractive surgery, in cases of corneal oedema, keratoconus, cataracts and various forms of corneal dystrophy (Koch, 1989; Elliot et al, 1989). The ability to measure reliably small changes in the level and angular distribution of scattered light in the eye has been of interest clinically in monitoring the effects of drugs on media opacities or the recovery of corneal transparency following photorefractive keratectomy (Lohmann et al, 1991). In spite of what are potentially useful clinical applications for the measurement of the scatter function of the eye, the monitoring of small changes in light scatter parameters has not been very successful in a clinical context, the level of variability being very high (Elliot and Bullimore, 1993). One aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which measured variability can be attributed to instrumentation and measurement error or to genuine changes in the pattern of scattered light in the same eye. In addition, the scattering of light may not always be uniform over the pupil, as a result of non-uniform distribution of ocular opacities and scattering centres. Measuring the effect of pupil size on light scatter is therefore important and may account for some of the observed variability. Unless the size of the pupil is known at the time of measurement, and its effects accounted for, small changes in light scatter parameters (i.e., the k and n values below) cannot be separated from the effects of pupil size, and hence they cannot be attributed easily to other factors under investigation. Another aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of pupil size on the scatter function of the eye.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116509732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity in the visual cortex of a hemianope measured using fMRI","authors":"H. Baseler, B. Wandell, A. Morland, S. Jones, K. Ruddock","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.suc.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.suc.3","url":null,"abstract":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to identify and map visual areas in the cerebral cortex of visually normal humans (Engel et al., in press). Here, we use the methods that have been developed on normal observers to assess the neural responses in subject, G.Y., who has cortical damage that includes left area V1. This subject has reported limited sensation of select stimuli beyond 2.5 deg in his right peripheral visual field (Barbur et al. 1980). Here we report preliminary analyses of the organization of this subject’s visual areas, and we describe some of the cortical signals that occur when stimuli are presented to the subject’s “blind” visual field.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121479370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Retinal Topography of Local and Lateral Gain Control Mechanisms","authors":"E. Sutter, M. Bearse","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.fb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.fb.1","url":null,"abstract":"The human retina is able to perform over a luminance range of approximately 1:1010.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124300659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of decentration on the visual performances of aspherical single vision lenses","authors":"C. Rossier, G. Le Saux, F. Jurkiewiez","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.sad.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.sad.7","url":null,"abstract":"For esthetic reasons, thin and flat lenses are more and more requested by the wearers. Aspherization makes it possible to maintain a high optical quality for such lenses.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134088857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and the eye's optical performance","authors":"Junzhong Liang, G. Westheimer","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.fd2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.fd2","url":null,"abstract":"In the literature there have been a number of reports of tests of disability glare and straylight in the aged eye[1,2]. To address some fundamental questions about age-dependent loss in optical performances we have conducted a number of experimental studies [3-6]. Here we report some of the new developments in this study.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131513206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}