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Vision Science and its Applications最新文献

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Completely Dioptrically Equivalent Systems 完全屈光等效系统
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.5
M. P. Keating
{"title":"Completely Dioptrically Equivalent Systems","authors":"M. P. Keating","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paraxial optics of astigmatic human eyes is covered by the optics of systems with obliquely crossed toric surfaces. For these systems, the dioptric parameters in terms of the 2 X 2 dioptric matrices are: the equivalent power matrix P\u0000 e\u0000 (which may be asymmetric), the back vertex power matrix P\u0000 v\u0000 , and the neutralizing or front vertex power matrix P\u0000 n\u0000 .1,2 For statistical considerations where thickness is taken into account (as opposed to a thin lens model), one might compute a mean P\u0000 e\u0000 , P\u0000 v\u0000 , and P\u0000 n\u0000 (10 known parameters).3,4 Since the means are statistical calculations and not optical calculations, the question then arises as to whether any real system of toric surfaces has the same dioptric parameters as these means. I'll refer to such matching systems as completely dioptrically equivalent (CDE) systems. These systems might be models of astigmatic eyes or general systems consisting of toric surfaces.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in Retinal Morphology following Experimentally Induced Myopia 实验性近视后视网膜形态的变化
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.4
D. Troilo
{"title":"Changes in Retinal Morphology following Experimentally Induced Myopia","authors":"D. Troilo","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.suc.4","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of increased eye size on retinal cell topography and morphology were examined using experimental animal models of myopia (chick and marmoset). Retinas from experimentally enlarged eyes have significantly larger areas than control eyes. Changes in the topography of cell density and the morphological structure of dendritic arbors of cells in the inner retina are consistent with the hypothesis that the retina stretches as the eye grows. In the marmoset, experimentally enlarged eyes had higher foveal cone densities than controls suggesting that stretch is an important factor in the increasing photoreceptor packing observed during normal foveal development. The increased axial length, retinal magnification, and foveal photoreceptor packing in experimental myopia suggest that the potential for higher acuity vision exists in human myopes. Any observed limitations in the acuity in myopes may result from other causes.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116664784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Enhancement of letter recognition by explicit and implicit cueing of transient focal attention 瞬态焦点注意的外显和内隐提示对字母识别的增强作用
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.5
M. Mackeben
{"title":"Enhancement of letter recognition by explicit and implicit cueing of transient focal attention","authors":"M. Mackeben","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sac.5","url":null,"abstract":"The intensity of a visual percept is controlled by physical stimulus variables like size, contrast and duration. In addition, there are internal conditions that influence the percept, like expectation, previous percepts (masking), or whether the stimulus is attended or unattended. This study shows that attending to the future target location in visual space can boost perception more than an equivalent lengthening of the target duration.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Advantages of Infrared Imaging in Detecting Choroidal New Vessels 红外成像在脉络膜新生血管检测中的优势
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1995.sua1
A. Eisner, M. Hartnett, J. Weiter, S. Buzney, Stephen A. Bums
{"title":"Advantages of Infrared Imaging in Detecting Choroidal New Vessels","authors":"A. Eisner, M. Hartnett, J. Weiter, S. Buzney, Stephen A. Bums","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1995.sua1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sua1","url":null,"abstract":"The uncontrolled growth of choroidal new vessels (CNV) is the major cause of permanent vision loss in adults; initial treatment is unsuccessful in a large proportion of patients, particularly those with age-related macular degeneration1. There are several potential factors leading to the poor prognosis. Chiefly, it is difficult to detect the onset and to localize the components of the CNV. Treatable components remain controversial.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131468654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Spherical Aberration of the Crystalline Lens 晶体透镜的球差
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.saa.2
George Smith
{"title":"Spherical Aberration of the Crystalline Lens","authors":"George Smith","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.saa.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.saa.2","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the aberration properties of the lens are important for at least two reasons; (1) it gives some indication of the limitations of using corneal distortions alone as a measure of total ocular aberration and (2) it will help us unravel the gradient refractive index structure of the lens. In this paper we will use published data on ocular aberrations and corneal shape to estimate the spherical aberration of the lens. By comparing this data with predictions from equations for the spherical aberration of gradient index materials, we will examine possible forms of the gradient index structure of the lens.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132814024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Instrument for MTF Measurements of Cataractous Eyes 白内障眼MTF测量仪
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.saa.3
P. Magnante, Barry Fadden
{"title":"Instrument for MTF Measurements of Cataractous Eyes","authors":"P. Magnante, Barry Fadden","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.saa.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.saa.3","url":null,"abstract":"With approximately 1.5 million cataract surgeries performed each year in the United States, there is great need for a non-invasive ophthalmic instrument that measures objectively the inability of a cataractous eye to produce clear images. We describe here the construction and operation of a new instrument which meets this need. Called the Ocular Resolution Analyzer (ORA), the instrument projects a fine line on a patient's retina, records the blurred retinal line image, and quantifies the extent of blurring by computing the Modulation Transfer Function. In clinical tests on cataract patients, increased blurring measured by the ORA has been shown to correlate with other indicators of cataract development: 1) increasing lens opacification as observed with a slit lamp,1 2) loss of visual acuity,2 3) loss of contrast sensitivity, and 4) increased glare sensitivity.3","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133550994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tolerance to Defocus at Low Spatial Frequencies: Effect of Luminance 低空间频率对离焦的容忍度:亮度的影响
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1998.sae.9
N. J. Coletta, Lori A. Maggisano
{"title":"Tolerance to Defocus at Low Spatial Frequencies: Effect of Luminance","authors":"N. J. Coletta, Lori A. Maggisano","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1998.sae.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sae.9","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of optical defocus on spatial contrast sensitivity are frequency dependent: defocus is detrimental to the visibility of high spatial frequencies, while low spatial frequency sensitivity is relatively less affected by the eye’s refractive state (Charman, 1979; Green and Campbell, 1965; Tucker, Charman and Ward, 1986). One would expect that vision at low luminance levels would be relatively unaffected by defocus, because the range of visible patterns is limited to lower spatial frequencies. However, Bedell (1986) reported that the contrast sensitivity loss produced by +1.25 D of defocus extended to lower spatial frequencies when the luminance was reduced. Similarly, the eye’s optical quality has a greater effect on low frequency sensitivity at low luminance than at high luminance levels (Coletta and Sharma, 1994). Experiments with acuity targets of fixed contrast also imply a decrease in tolerance to defocus at low luminance (Simpson, et al., 1986). Tucker and Charman (1986) measured acuity for gratings of 80% modulation as a function of focus and found that the through-focus acuity functions became narrower at mesopic luminance, even though the acuity limits shifted to lower spatial frequencies.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134200844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope for Real-Time Photoreceptor Imaging in the Human Eye 用于人眼感光体实时成像的共聚焦扫描激光检眼镜
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.sab.2
A. Roorda, M. Campbell, M. Atkinson, R. Munger
{"title":"Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope for Real-Time Photoreceptor Imaging in the Human Eye","authors":"A. Roorda, M. Campbell, M. Atkinson, R. Munger","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.sab.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sab.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Waterloo CSLO(1) has been set up to facilitate the viewing of individual photoreceptors in the living human retina.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130337164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fixation Preference and Grating Acuity in Strabismic Children 斜视儿童注视偏好与光栅视敏度的关系
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.2
S. Salomão, A. Berezovsky, M. Everett, E. Birch
{"title":"Fixation Preference and Grating Acuity in Strabismic Children","authors":"S. Salomão, A. Berezovsky, M. Everett, E. Birch","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.2","url":null,"abstract":"Monocular visual acuity (VA) measurement is a useful part of pediatric ophthalmologic assessment. In the last three decades, different methods have been developed to provide this important information (Dobson & Teller, 1978; Marsh-Tootle, 1991; Fulton et al., 1993). Preferential looking (PL) is a behavioral method used in several experimental and clinical studies to quantify VA (Jacobson et al., 1982; Birch et al., 1990; Dobson et al., 1990). Information about amblyopia and visual deficit can be obtained by PL, comparing the results with normative data for VA development and interocular acuity differences, but there is some controversy about its value in the diagnosis of strabismic amblyopia (Ellis et al., 1988; Moskowitz et al., 1987; Moseley et al., 1986). Fixation preference is considered the most reliable clinical method to diagnose amblyopia in infants and non-verbal strabismic patients (Jacobson et al., 1982; Wright et al., 1986). Occlusion of one eye while the other is fixating a target is used to evaluate if the fixation behavior of that eye is central, steady and mantained.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114383662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional Analysis of myopias without central retinal degeneration 无中央视网膜变性的近视的功能分析
Vision Science and its Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.9
M. D. de Mattiello, M. Maneiro, S. Buglione
{"title":"Functional Analysis of myopias without central retinal degeneration","authors":"M. D. de Mattiello, M. Maneiro, S. Buglione","doi":"10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sae.9","url":null,"abstract":"Recent publications 1 admit that “the myopic indexes in the industrial nations have increased and range from 20% to 80% in the U.S. and Europe, to up to 90% in the Far Eastern countries, depending on the age group and the professional population considered”. This increase has again arisen attention on this illness that may be corrected with optical aids and more recently with refractive surgery. In clinical practice, evaluation of myopia or its recovery is mainly, if not exclusively, made with the traditional visual acuity tests. Contrast tests are applied in some cases. However, the literature reports other functional disorders such as considerable variations in the accommodation ranges, chromatic vision defects, specially in colors of short wave lengths2 and alterations in adaptation to darkness3.","PeriodicalId":428257,"journal":{"name":"Vision Science and its Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114651165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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