Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The Association of Anxiety Severity With Health Risk Behaviors in a Large Representative Sample of Korean Adolescents.","authors":"Kyung Soo Woo,&nbsp;Yoonmi Ji,&nbsp;Hye Jeong Lee,&nbsp;Tae Young Choi","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders in adolescents and seem to occur the earliest among all forms of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of anxiety severity with health risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2020 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey were analyzed. A total of 54948 adolescents responded to the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) for the assessment of their anxiety severity as well as to the mental health and health risk behavior survey. Logistic regression analysis, t tests, and variance analysis of a complex sample general linear model were used to examine the association of anxiety severity with health behaviors and mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After statistical adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, the subjects in the severe anxiety group were significantly more likely to be current smokers (odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72-2.50), current drinkers (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.67-2.19), experience habitual substance use (OR: 10.89, 95% CI: 8.22-14.42), have sexual intercourse (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.76-2.51), and have unprotected intercourse (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.67-2.92) than those in the normal group. Anxiety severity negatively correlated with sleep satisfaction and happiness, but positively correlated with stress perception, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and suicidality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescent anxiety is associated with health risk behaviors and poor mental health. Thus, early screening and intervention for anxiety in adolescents could contribute to the management and coping of youth health risk behaviors in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 4","pages":"144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/6e/jkacap-32-4-144.PMC8499041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39536699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Facts That We Have Been Mistaken About Our Minds, Language, and Octopuses; “Other Minds: The Octopus, The Sea, and The Deep Origins of Consciousness”","authors":"Jung-Woo Son","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210025","url":null,"abstract":"To date, we have made inferences on the behavior and mind of humans and animals from the perspective of humans, or for the sake of familiarity, vertebrates. The book, “Other Minds; The Octopus, The Sea, and The Deep Origins of Consciousness” by Peter Godfrey-Smith makes us realize how erroneous preconceived notions could be, and presents a novel perspective on the results of evolution. Through-out this book, readers will learn about the characteristics of the nervous system, behavior, and habits of cephalopods, which include oc-topuses. Through this book, readers will gain a new perspective on the embodiment, minds, nervous systems, consciousness, and soci-ality of humans and animals. Furthermore, the book will provide the imaginary experience of swimming in “Octopolis” inside the ocean with the author.","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"170 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89598792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Suicide and Drinking Habits in Adolescents.","authors":"Ji Won Lee,&nbsp;Bong-Jo Kim,&nbsp;Cheol-Soon Lee,&nbsp;Boseok Cha,&nbsp;So-Jin Lee,&nbsp;Dongyun Lee,&nbsp;Jiyeong Seo,&nbsp;Young-Ji Lee,&nbsp;Youn-Jung Lee,&nbsp;Eunji Lim,&nbsp;Jae-Won Choi","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Adolescent suicide is a serious social problem. Adolescent alcohol use is one of the most important risk factors for adolescent suicide. This study aimed to identify the relationship between drinking habits and suicide among Korean adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 14th and 15th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, conducted in 2018 and 2019, were used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between drinking habits-including the age of drinking initiation, frequency of drinking, average drinking amount, frequency of drunkenness-and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Even after adjusting for age, sex, school grade, academic achievement, socioeconomic status, depression, stress, and drinking habits, the frequencies of drinking and drunkenness increased the risk of suicide attempts. Suicide attempts were associated with the frequency of drinking in girls and middle school students, and with the frequency of drunkenness in boys and high school students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified associations between drinking habits (the age of drinking initiation, frequency of drinking, average amount of drinking, frequency of drunkenness) and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Our findings suggest that to prevent adolescent suicide, it might be necessary to investigate drinking habits, including the frequencies of drinking and drunkenness. Moreover, considering the differences in sex and school grade, it is important to include the individual group characteristics when evaluating drinking habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 4","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/80/jkacap-32-4-161.PMC8499040.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39536701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Out.","authors":"Hee Jeong Yoo","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210016","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, when diagnoses in child psychiatry were unfamiliar and relatively rare, the word from an authoritative figure was a “marker” for a disease. Once an expert confirmed a diagnosis through careful examination and suggested ways of treatment, they were accepted as the truth, even as the gold standard. If the clinical opinion was backed up by psychological measurements, not many people would have raised concerns regarding the diagnosis, even regarding the possible prognosis. However, this is not as simple and clear today. Parents already have a vast amount of information, both correct and incorrect, and try to reconcile their pre-existing knowledge with the novel information given by the clinician. They need a second opinion from other clinicians regarding treatment options, as well as diagnostic accuracy. It is sometimes awkward for clinicians to feel like competing with random information from the community; however, facing such changes might be inevitable. It is even more evident in disorders with complex manifestations, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Doctor-patient relationships in child psychiatry have tended to be paternalistic models, in which clinicians care for children and their families in a warm, holding, and sometimes firm manner; however, this is now transforming into a more informative/interpretative model. There are several sophisticated mechanisms underlying such changes, including the diversity of symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders, the plethora of information and people’s ability to interpret them, availability of multiple doctors within the healthcare transfer system, and general skepticism about healthcare experts. Whatever the reason behind it might be, it seems clear that there is currently a significant paradigm shift towards pursuing more objective measures of underlying pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, replacing expert opinion and close behavioral observation, that is, biomarkers. Biomarkers are objectively measured, quantifiable indicators of both normal and pathologic biological processes or biological responses to therapeutic interventions [1]. They include 1) risk biomarkers, used to identify individuals at high risk for a certain condition, such as having a family history; 2) diagnostic biomarkers used to confirm the diagnosis, identify the subtype of the disease, and stratify its severity; 3) treatment biomarkers, representing treatment responses to biological agents, including drugs; and 4) prognostic biomarkers, indicating the progression, long-term prognosis, or recurrence of the disease [1,2]. Prediction biomarkers, surrogate endpoint biomarkers, and safety biomarkers can be defined based on the classification system of biomarkers. The essential value of biomarkers in terms of precision medicine lies in diagnosis, tailoring treatment options to individual profiles, and determining prognoses. However, reliable biomarkers are not yet widely used, except for diagnostic markers for Alzheimer","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"83-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/4f/jkacap-32-3-83.PMC8262975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder after Theraplay Application.","authors":"Yoonyoung Chang,&nbsp;Bongseog Kim,&nbsp;Miwon Youn","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study identified changes in social communication and interaction among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through Theraplay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 20 children who were diagnosed with ASD by a child and adolescent psychiatrist and were recommended to undergo Theraplay in 2012-2017. The Marschak interaction method was used to identify and analyze the interactions between parents and their children. The Korean version of the Social Communication Questionnaire (K-SCQ) was used to evaluate symptoms of ASD. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the differences before and after Theraplay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon comparing the differences in total K-SCQ scores, there were statistically significant changes (z=-3.269, p=0.001) in children with ASD. Changes were also confirmed in each category, namely social interaction, communication, and limited and repetitive behavior patterns (p=0.011, p=0.025, p=0.039, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that Theraplay may cause significant changes in social communication in children with ASD. Further studies are needed to establish the effectiveness of Theraplay in children with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/c7/jkacap-32-3-112.PMC8262971.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Event-Related Potential Tells Us about Brain Function: Child-Adolescent Psychiatric Perspectives.","authors":"Ji Sun Kim,&nbsp;Yeon Jung Lee,&nbsp;Se-Hoon Shim","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activation due to various cognitive processes. EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in studies investigating psychopathology and neural substrates of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to review recent ERP studies in child and adolescent psychiatry. ERPs are non-invasive methods for studying synaptic functions in the brain. ERP might be a candidate biomarker in child-adolescent psychiatry, considering its ability to reflect cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. For the EEG study of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents, several ERP components have been used, such as mismatch negativity, P300, error-related negativity (ERN), and reward positivity (RewP). Regarding executive functions and inhibition in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), P300 latency, and ERN were significantly different in patients with ADHD compared to those in the healthy population. ERN showed meaningful changes in patients with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depression showed significantly attenuated RewP compared to the healthy population, which was related to the symptoms of anhedonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/e5/jkacap-32-3-93.PMC8262973.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Yeon Jung Lee,&nbsp;Minjae Kim,&nbsp;Ji-Sun Kim,&nbsp;Yun Sung Lee,&nbsp;Jeong Eun Shin","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Many studies have been conducted using objective evaluation tools for psychiatric evaluation, such as predicting psychiatric symptoms and treatment responses. Compared to other tools, fNIRS has the advantage of being a noninvasive, inexpensive, and portable method and can be used with patients in the awake state. This study mainly focused on its use in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. We hope that research involving fNIRS will be actively conducted in various diseases in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/c5/jkacap-32-3-99.PMC8262974.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant Domains of Life Satisfaction That Affect Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents.","authors":"Ji Soo Kim,&nbsp;Seo-Hyun Choi,&nbsp;Sang-Eun Lee,&nbsp;Chai Won Lee,&nbsp;Won-Hyoung Kim,&nbsp;Jae Nam Bae,&nbsp;Jeong Seop Lee,&nbsp;Seri Maeng,&nbsp;Jisung Son,&nbsp;Hyeyoung Kim","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Adolescent suicide is a serious national issue in Korea. Recently, life satisfaction has been recognized as a major factor related to this issue. The main purpose of this study was to identify the domains of life satisfaction that affect suicidal behavior in adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from eight middle schools in Incheon, Korea. A total of 1297 students answered questions regarding their demographic characteristics, happiness, self-related life satisfaction domains (appearance, leisure time, physical health, and mental health), depressive symptoms, and suicidal behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Spearman correlation analysis, female sex, perceived socioeconomic status (SES), happiness, and all four self-related satisfaction scores showed significant correlations with depression and suicidality. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that suicidality was significantly affected by perceived SES, satisfaction with appearance, mental health satisfaction, and depression. Finally, depression was identified as a partial mediator of the association between mental health satisfaction and suicidality, and a complete mediator of the association between female sex and suicidality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived SES, satisfaction with appearance, and mental health satisfaction significantly affected students' suicidality, with or without the effect of depression. Health authorities, educators, and family members must be aware of this to identify adolescents at suicide risk earlier.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"104-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/cb/jkacap-32-3-104.PMC8262976.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Adversities during Childhood on Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Comparison of Typically Developing Children and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Group.","authors":"You Bin Lim,&nbsp;Kukju Kweon,&nbsp;Bung-Nyun Kim","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Childhood adversity is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms, but it affects anxiety symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to examine the association between childhood adversity and anxiety symptoms in participants with and without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from a school-based epidemiological study of 1017 randomly selected children and adolescents. The ADHD and non-ADHD groups were divided using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Predictive Scale (DPS). The DPS was also used to assess comorbidities such as anxiety and mood disorders. The childhood adversities were assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, and the anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between childhood adversity and anxiety in the ADHD and non-ADHD groups with adjustments for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found that the ADHD group did not show any significant association between anxiety symptoms and childhood adversities, whereas the non-ADHD group always showed a significant association. In a subgroup analysis of the non-ADHD group, the normal group without any psychiatric disorders assessed with DPS demonstrated a statistically significant association between childhood adversities and anxiety symptoms. These results were consistent with the association between childhood adversities and anxiety disorders assessed using DPS, as shown by logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between anxiety symptoms and childhood adversities statistically disappears in ADHD; ADHD may mask or block the association. Further longitudinal research is necessary to investigate this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/0d/jkacap-32-3-118.PMC8262970.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39204028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Quantitative Electroencephalogram in the Diagnosis and Subgrouping of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Su Hyun Bong,&nbsp;Jun Won Kim","doi":"10.5765/jkacap.210010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to functional decline in academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and development in school-aged children. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can significantly reduce the functional decline caused by ADHD. Currently, there is no established biological marker for ADHD. Some studies have suggested that various indicators from the quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) may be useful biological markers for the diagnosis of ADHD. Until the 2010s, theta/beta ratio (TBR) was a biomarker candidate for ADHD that consistently showed high diagnostic value. However, limitations of TBR have recently been reported. Studies have demonstrated that phase-amplitude coupling, especially theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling, are related to cognitive dysfunction and may assist in the diagnosis of ADHD. As yet, the underlying mechanism is not clearly established, and the clinical efficacy of these biomarkers needs to be proven through well-controlled studies. Based on the heterogeneous characteristics of ADHD, subgrouping through QEEG plays a key role in diagnosis and treatment planning. Sophisticated, well-designed studies and meta-analyses are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":42806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"32 3","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/bb/jkacap-32-3-85.PMC8262972.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}