Japan Architectural Review最新文献

{"title":"Reinforced Concrete Covered Markets Built by S.I.D.E.C.","authors":"Genta Kokubu,&nbsp;Adrien Boyette,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Yamana","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines eight reinforced-concrete covered markets built by S.I.D.E.C. (Société Indochinoise d'Études et de Constructions) in former French Cochinchina and Cambodia between the 1920s and 1930s. Combining archival records with field surveys, it reconstructs the company's corporate chronology and compares roof structures across the eight markets. The study identifies an on-site precasting workflow—perforated purlins and concrete flat tiles cast on the ground and installed as individual prefabricated units—that enabled efficient, climate-responsive assembly under local labor and equipment constraints. Through analysis of professional records submitted by S.I.D.E.C. engineers Houlon and Maurel, and technical articles by engineer Kandaouroff, the study clarifies the constructional methods used across 14 years of market construction. The markets share structural and constructional characteristics in framing and roofing, suggesting partial standardization across projects; while full dimensional interchangeability cannot be verified for all sites, the results clarify S.I.D.E.C.'s role in adapting reinforced concrete technology in colonial Southeast Asia. The study offers a technical-history perspective that complements design-focused research on colonial architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Gion Festival Organizations in Modern and Contemporary Yamahoko-chō: Focusing on the Case of the Hōkahoko Preservation Society","authors":"Setsuko Itō","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Today, the festival organizations of <i>yamahoko-chō</i> are incorporated into preservation societies. The first such society was Hōkahoko, established in 1926 in Komusubidana-chō. Hōkahoko was founded in response to workforce fluctuations caused by a rapid increase in the number of people moving in and out of the neighborhood. Its formation helped clarify property ownership in Komusubidana-chō and facilitated the securing of financial resources. This organizational shift affected the entirety of the <i>yamahoko-chō</i> and served as a model for the management of Gion Festival in the modern era.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Survey of Indoor Thermal Environment and Electricity Consumption in Highly Insulated Detached Houses","authors":"Yuto Demizu,&nbsp;Hiroka Hayashi,&nbsp;Shiro Arata,&nbsp;Shun Kawakubo","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field evidence on indoor thermal conditions and electricity use in highly insulated detached houses across climates remains limited. Year-long, cross-regional monitoring data from all-electric, highly insulated detached houses in Japan were analyzed using home energy management system records. Indoor air temperature and relative humidity were monitored in living rooms, bedrooms, and dressing rooms, alongside end-use electricity consumption and photovoltaic generation where installed. Winter indoor conditions were generally warmer and less variable than those previously reported for conventional housing, which may have implications for reduced cold exposure. Summer indoor temperatures were generally moderate, although humidity often approached or exceeded commonly recommended ranges, demonstrating the importance of moisture management in high-performance housing. Total energy consumption was lower than national residential energy statistics, and an annual net-zero electricity balance was achieved in a subset of photovoltaic-equipped houses when assessed using annual generation versus annual use. The dataset provides year-long reference distributions of indoor conditions and electricity use across multiple Japanese climate areas. Key limitations include uneven regional coverage, non-standardized sensor placement, and limited information on occupant behavior and system operation. These constraints should be addressed through expanded sampling and complementary surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercomparison of CFD Simulations for Urban Flow in Paris: OpenFOAM, code_saturne, and the PALM Model System","authors":"Chao Lin,&nbsp;Jani Strömberg,&nbsp;Konstantin Kuznetsov,&nbsp;Leena Järvi,&nbsp;Hideki Kikumoto,&nbsp;Aurélien Faucheux,&nbsp;Alice Maison,&nbsp;Martin Ferrand,&nbsp;Ryozo Ooka,&nbsp;Valéry Masson,&nbsp;Karine Sartelet","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study quantifies uncertainty in CFD-based urban flow simulations over central Paris using three modeling approaches: steady RANS with OpenFOAM, unsteady RANS with code_saturne, and LES with PALM. All simulations are validated against field measurements and show overall good agreement. At pedestrian height, the three approaches reproduce similar mean wind distributions, while LES predicts stronger wind components, higher turbulent kinetic energy, a more developed urban canopy layer, and higher area-averaged temperatures, partly due to grid-scale turbulence resolution and online radiation coupling. Vertical profiles further indicate that LES produces stronger near-surface winds and a lower but more intense turbulence peak compared with RANS models. Upwind tall buildings affect turbulence patterns similarly across the cases. The influence of trees is also examined: RANS models consistently predict tree-induced reductions in mean kinetic energy and friction velocity, whereas LES captures greater spatial variability. Tree shading reduces pedestrian-level air temperature. These findings clarify model-dependent uncertainties and provide guidance for selecting suitable CFD approaches and settings for realistic urban microclimate simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences on Thermal Acceptability and Occupants Behavior in Japanese Office Buildings","authors":"Supriya Khadka,&nbsp;H. B. Rijal,&nbsp;Setsuko Yoshino","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Creating an environment that is comfortable to the majority of the occupants is important as it determines occupant performance and satisfaction to the given environment. This study investigates gender differences on thermal comfort and occupant behavior in Japanese offices. A total of 7295 datasets were gathered from 2037 occupants where 1328 were males and 709 were females. Results indicated no statistically significant gender differences in thermal sensation vote as both genders predominantly reported “4. Neutral”. However, females exhibited slightly higher thermal sensitivity and expected higher comfort temperatures, particularly in cooling (CL) mode obtained as 25.5°C for males and 26.0°C for females as estimated by Griffiths' method. Male exhibited broader tolerance to 90% acceptable indoor temperature, indicating wide adaptability to environmental changes compared to females as estimated by Probit analysis. It was also observed that females preferred a warmer temperature range than males under both free running (FR) and heating and cooling (HT&amp;CL) modes. Clothing insulations were similar across genders. Passive behavioral adaptations varied by gender, with males being more active towards cooling behaviors and females towards warm behaviors. The findings provide empirical evidence supporting occupant-centric environmental design and operational strategies, with implications for improving thermal comfort and energy efficiency particularly within the Japanese context.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process of Planning/Implementation of Olympic-Scape, Image of Athletes, Competition Venues and Cityscapes Broadcasted by Cameras","authors":"Kazuya Yamazaki,&nbsp;Yu Okamura","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The London Olympic Games 2012 had a vision broadcasting a cityscape image as a backdrop of the worldwide sports event. The games were also expected to play roles not only in urban development but also in city promotion. Greenwich Park Equestrian venue, and Horse Guards Parade Beach Volleyball venue broadcasting the cityscape, are selected as this research sample. What roles were played by stakeholders in planning and implementing these venues? How was their relationship built and developed? The research aims to reveal the process from planning to implementation, the relationship between stakeholders through documents and drawings, and the interviews regarding venues.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusive Evacuation of Wheelchair Users From a Theater During a Fire: Passing Through a Door, Moving Through a Foyer, and Waiting for an Elevator","authors":"Yoshikazu Minegishi","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is increasing demand for accessibility in assembly facilities such as theaters, yet fire evacuation remains a critical challenge. People with mobility limitations must evacuate alongside other audience members, often under complex and stressful conditions. This study investigates inclusive evacuation behavior and psychological responses of wheelchair users during theater fires, focusing on three key phases: passing through doors, moving through foyers, and waiting for elevators in lobbies. Using a virtual reality environment, nondisabled participants operating wheelchairs experienced simulated evacuations within large crowds of nondisabled individuals. The results indicate that spatial configuration has both direct and indirect effects: it influences wheelchair users' movement and shapes their experience through crowd dynamics. Wider exit doors and reduced congestion improved passage, while spacious foyers enabled movement even against opposing flows. In contrast, narrowing lobby doors to reduce crowd density had limited impact on users' sense of relief while waiting for elevators. Instead, communication and operator-controlled elevator systems played more significant roles in perceived safety. The challenges faced by wheelchair users vary by location and situation, particularly in dense crowds. These findings highlight the need for integrated spatial design and staff guidance that address both crowd movement and the psychological needs of wheelchair users.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Historical Study on Trends in Facilities Requisitioned in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, During the Early Period of the Postwar Occupation","authors":"Satoru Kaku,&nbsp;Osamu Oba,&nbsp;Fumihiko Sunamoto","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper aims to analyze requisitioned lands and buildings in Sapporo, Japan, during the early period of the postwar occupation, by the General Headquarters. Previous studies show only names of requisitioned buildings in Sapporo. However, this paper is original in that it provides a detailed architectural analysis, including buildings those that were not requisitioned, extending the study up to the point when they were derequisitioned. The authors focuses on four primary aspects: (1) Location—business districts featuring urban infrastructure and suburban areas comprising residences and former Japanese Military facilities were requisitioned; (2) Year of construction—modern buildings constructed or renovated around the preceding 15 years were targeted; (3) Structure types—reinforced concrete buildings, well-equipped and predominantly located in urban areas, were requisitioned, whereas wooden structures were requisitioned primarily in suburban areas; (4) Sanitation and environment—buildings equipped with flush toilets and situated in sanitary environments were preferred. Although Sapporo, as non-war-damaged city, possessed numerous potentially requisition able buildings, the total number requisitioned was relatively small compared to other major Japanese cities. This finding indicates that city condition of Sapporo did not fully satisfy GHQ's requisition criteria. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of postwar local cities in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulse-Based Representation of Earthquake Ground Motions for Simultaneous Optimal Design of Viscous and Hysteretic Dampers in Elastic–Plastic Building Structures","authors":"Hiroki Akehashi,&nbsp;Tatsuhiko Maeda,&nbsp;Mao Kinoshita","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an impulse-based representation of earthquake ground motions for the simultaneous optimal design of viscous and hysteretic dampers in elastic–plastic structures. The method transforms ground motions into representative impulse ground motions (RIs) using an energy-based approach. By introducing the concept of truncated ground motion, the proposed method captures the dominant portion of the input without overestimating structural responses, ensuring response bounding. A design framework is developed where dominant RIs are used instead of multiple ground motions with common performance criteria, enabling efficient optimization. A sensitivity-based algorithm is formulated for the simultaneous optimization of viscous and hysteretic dampers, incorporating singular value decomposition, switching of objective functions, and a correction scheme to avoid nonphysical solutions. Numerical examples using a high-rise elastic–plastic building model demonstrate that the proposed RI-based approach achieves accurate response estimation while significantly reducing computational effort. The optimized damper distributions satisfy prescribed performance criteria across different types of ground motions, including long-duration and pulse-like ground motions.</p>","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the Future of Architectural Scholarship: JAR's Commitment to Becoming a Leading International Journal-Update of Editorial Board, Papers of the Year 2025, and the Most Cited Paper","authors":"Kazuhide Ito","doi":"10.1002/2475-8876.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.70110","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Japan Architectural Review&lt;/i&gt; (JAR), the official international journal of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), was launched in January 2018 and enters its ninth year in 2026. The overarching mission of JAR is to disseminate the latest achievements in architectural research in Japan to the global academic community. As a journal that embraces the breadth and complexity of architectural scholarship, JAR provides a unique platform for a wide range of fields, including architectural engineering, planning, history, theory, design, and emerging technological developments, while also conveying distinctive trends and intellectual contributions from Japan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The inclusion of “Japan” in the journal title embodies two fundamental aspirations. The first is to represent the international scholarly presence of the AIJ; the second is to serve as a robust medium for communicating Japan's architectural research to the world. In this respect, JAR has a distinctive purpose and editorial philosophy. Rather than simply seeking submissions from across the globe in the manner of a conventional international journal, JAR places particular emphasis on transmitting high-quality research originating in Japan to an international readership. Although this mission inevitably entails the challenge of securing a sufficient number of submissions and publications, JAR continues to play an important role in advancing architectural engineering, science, planning, design, and related disciplines in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nine years after its launch, JAR has steadily developed its presence and gained recognition within the international architectural academic community. The number of submissions has continued to increase, and while translated papers accounted for the majority of published articles at the time of the journal's inception, original submissions have now become a substantial and increasingly important component of the journal. To respond appropriately to the growing number of submissions and the expanding diversity of architectural research fields, the Editorial Board was further strengthened in 2026. Dr. Saori Imoto of The University of Tokyo has joined the board as an associate editor in the field of architectural and urban planning, history, and theory. Meanwhile, Professor Toshio Otsuki of the University of Tokyo and Professor Tomoaki Tanaka of Meiji University have assumed the role of Honorary Editorial Advisory Board Members.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, JAR faces important challenges in further enhancing its international visibility and academic influence. In particular, the journal's impact factor has not yet shown the level of growth to which we aspire, with values of 0.9 in 2022, 0.8 in 2023, 0.8 in 2024, and 0.5 in 2025. These figures clearly indicate that continued and strategic efforts are required to strengthen the journal's citation impact and global presence. In response, JAR has begun implementing new initiatives, including the establishment of a new ","PeriodicalId":42793,"journal":{"name":"Japan Architectural Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2475-8876.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}