Global Environment最新文献

{"title":"Arsenic to the Rescue of European Potatoes: The Institutionalisation of Plant Protection in France and Germany (1920s–1950s)","authors":"Margot Lyautey","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622490","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 By displacing Rachel Carson’s approach in\u0000 Silent Spring\u0000 to another time, another place and another family of pesticides, this paper tells the story of the wide adoption of arsenates, despite their known toxicity, to control the then newly present Colorado potato beetle in Western Europe from the 1920s to the 1950s. Although arsenate use entailed health and environmental risks, it was extended to other insect pests because this control method proved effective. The Colorado beetle appears as the matrix around which plant protection was developed in France and Germany. The regulations, administrative structures and habits that revolved around the wide use of arsenates then paved the way for the quick and massive adoption of organochlorides after 1945.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Regimes and Climate Change: Learning from Past Civilisations","authors":"Brian Grodsky","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622499","url":null,"abstract":"As the world is threatened by new and powerful climate-driven hazards, how are states and societies likely to react? In this paper, I explore the role of regime type in determining the likelihood of state survival under extreme environmental conditions. I begin with a theoretical and empirical analysis of public goods provision under different regime types, finding no evidence for the contention that any one particular regime is superior to others. Following from this, I argue that the survival of the state under increased hazard conditions will at least partly be a function of political flexibility, with more democratic regimes better able to weather crisis than non-democratic ones. I explore this argument by analysing two historical cases of climate change: the non-democratic Maya civilisation in the first millennium and the quasi-democratic Icelandic state at the start of the second millennium. These historical cases highlight potential advantages to the democratic system in allowing states to survive a world with increased hazards but also underscore how rising competition and political instability can negatively impact those same democratic institutions.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Library","authors":"Bidyut Hari","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Parliament of the Scheldts. Reflections on Politics and Play in Reimagining the Coastal Landscape of the Netherlands","authors":"Maarten Meijer, Willie Vogel","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622485","url":null,"abstract":"This text reflects on the recent Landscape Makers Congress co-organised by Studio Inscape as a design intervention seeking to re-politicise the South-Western Delta region (SWD) of the Netherlands. Like many coastal regions around the world, the Dutch coast (including the SWD) is facing serious challenges from climate change. In the SWD, these challenges are taken up and politicised through the memory of a flood disaster that devastated the region in 1953.\u0000 On the one hand, the legacy of this flood, which includes the coastal engineering structures of the Delta Works, makes the consequences of climate change salient to the region’s inhabitants. Frequently, inhabitants voice frustration with the impression that their concerns are not taken seriously enough and not translated into concrete political actions. On the other hand, the same legacy also silences debates and considerations on alternative ways of responding to the many challenges of the changing climate, restricting the scope of discussions to narrow anthropocentric narratives of the ‘threat’ of water and the ‘war’ between the Dutch and the sea.\u0000 Using interactive theatre, the Landscape Makers Congress invited more than 100 regional inhabitants, policymakers, water engineers and representatives of environmental NGOs to consider the future of the landscape in the SWD from a range of different perspectives. During the day, participants represented one out of several more-than-human ‘landscape makers’ in a fictional parliament and engaged in debates on several key dilemmas and different spatial strategies, situated in different periods in the future (2030, 2050 and 2100). As the day progressed, the ‘parliament’ bore witness to some of the consequences of climate change as well as the consequences of the decisions they made themselves. Through plenary discussions, workshops and interventions during the day, the audience was engaged in discussions on some different futures that might be possible in the SWD and on whose values and interests should or should not be part of the process of constructing these futures. Based on our experiences on the day and activities in the region more generally, some reflections are offered on the different concepts and strategies operationalised in the Landscape Makers Congress: its playful use of multifocality, its dramatisation of temporality and its staging of a particular experience of politics. Thus, this text offers some reflections on community engagement using design-based methodologies in the context of politicised (and the politicisation of) environments.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Tinkerers to Consultants: Individual Engagement, Reunification and the Making of Germany’s Renewable Energy Sector","authors":"Stephen Milder","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622481","url":null,"abstract":"The article seeks to explain how and why reunified Germany saw a hundred-fold increase in its installed wind energy capacity during the 1990s. It argues that the development was largely due to private individuals’ practical work to solve local energy supply problems with wind power, and their later efforts to make renewable energy generation a worthwhile investment. The article begins by contrasting the East and West German governments’ understanding of renewables with that of individual advocates. It shows how different renewables looked from the top down than they did from the bottom up. It then shows how renewable advocates’ individual, entrepreneurial approach became accepted across the newly reunified Federal Republic of Germany in the early 1990s, meaning that the ‘wind boom’ of the 1990s went hand-in-hand with the emergence of the renewable energy sector as a business interest.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Icehouse","authors":"Admire Mseba","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622487","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice Against Communism: The Politicisation of Agriculture from ‘Above’ and ‘Below’","authors":"Felix Anderl","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622482","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decades, the politicisation of agriculture has been observed when peasant movements claimed rights to land and food sovereignty. But where did this politicisation come from? I distinguish two types of politicising agriculture: ‘from above’ and ‘from below’. While the latter has received much attention, particularly drawing on La Via Campesina, the former has so far received less spotlight. This is problematic because it relegates ‘politicisation’ to social movements and by that normalises the politicisation of agriculture, which has made their resistance necessary in the first place. I historically situate the transnational smallholder movements that have been politicising issues around food production since the 1980s, particularly in South-east Asia. They have been doing so because, in the decades preceding their activism, Western governments and international organisations politicised the issue to fight communism with the expansion of industrialised agriculture, which they exported in the ‘Green Revolution’. I trace this politicisation ‘from above’ (drawing on the US intervention in Indonesia) and the delayed political responses of peasant movements in Indonesia and beyond.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politicised Environments: Governance, Mobilisation and Time","authors":"Suvi Alt, Iva Peša","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Politicised Time in Environmental Regulatory Procedure: The Struggles Against the Thabametsi Coal Plant in South Africa","authors":"Yaowen Deng","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622483","url":null,"abstract":"This study revisits the enduring question of temporality in environmental politics, drawing on prognostic politics literature to identify temporality as the practice of making and enacting time claims within institutions at various scales. The research highlights the intersection of time, environmental governance and politicisation within the procedural aspects of environmental impact assessments (EIA) during infrastructure development. The case of South Africa’s Thabametsi coal plant (2014–2017) is examined to understand how disputes over the duration of the Thabametsi EIA shaped interpretations and responses to potential environmental impacts. This case highlights a distinct politicisation of time marked by the strategic deployment of scale. While developers and regulators leveraged national-level legislation to expedite the EIA for uninterrupted project development, environmental activists, influenced by post-apartheid legal norms, enforced a more comprehensive and slow-paced EIA. By scaling down their legal arguments and focusing on project-specific regulations, the activists managed to induce significant delays in the coal plant’s realisation.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insurgent Practices of Restoring the Commons: Cases from Bolivia","authors":"Agnese Bellina","doi":"10.3828/whpge.63837646622484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whpge.63837646622484","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a problematisation of the concept of the commons through an analysis of Indigenous ways of theoretically and practically expressing a communal way of relating to the environment. The article focuses on the political and social implications of conceptualising a pluralised idea of the commons through practices of restoration. It contends that, to go beyond singularised and romanticised definitions, the commons are better understood as a clash of different temporalities which ends up displaying plural forms of alternative communal ownership. It does so by proposing a de-romanticised notion of restoration through the analysis of two events that occurred in Bolivia between 1999 and 2010. It maintains that claims to restore harmony with Mother Earth, far from turning to a romanticised lost past, display the possibility to reconfigure traditional forms of communal ownership within the contingency of the present struggles.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}