The Wild Side: Hunting Guanacos in Patagonia

IF 0.3 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
J. Soluri
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Abstract

This article examines the twentieth-century history of guanaco hunting in southern Patagonia in order to call attention to the significance of commercial hunting in the industrial age. Guanacos, an American camelid related to llamas, are the largest herbivore inhabiting the semi-arid steppe lands of Patagonia. In the nineteenth-century, indigenous Aónikenks traded quillangos, a cape-like garment made from the soft fur of juvenile guanacos, with colonial settlers. The rapid expansion of export-oriented sheep ranching beginning in the 1880s gave rise to a new social ecology based on the violent displacement of Aónikenk and Selk'nam forager/hunters, the introduction of an exotic ungulate and the use of seasonal, migrant labor. I trace the transformation of commercial guanaco hunting from an Aónikenk-dominated activity to one carried out by migrant hunters and small-scale traders who exported guanaquitos, the undressed furs of juvenile guanacos. Drawing on evidence from both Argentina and the United States, I document the hunting and export of millions of guanaquitos between the 1920s and the 1980s. I conclude by suggesting that the persistence of guanacos today is largely due to a decline in sheep ranching in addition to changes in fashion, and Argentina's participation in international conventions to protect wildlife. The recent history of guanacos suggests that rather than thinking of hunting, habitat loss and consumption as separate threats to wildlife, they are best thought of as entangled components that together have shaped modern histories of people and animals.
野性的一面:在巴塔哥尼亚狩猎瓜纳科斯
本文考察了20世纪巴塔哥尼亚南部瓜纳科动物的狩猎历史,以引起人们对商业狩猎在工业时代的重要性的关注。瓜纳科斯是一种美洲骆驼,与大羊驼有亲缘关系,是巴塔哥尼亚半干旱草原上最大的食草动物。在19世纪,土著Aónikenks与殖民定居者交易quillangos,一种由幼年瓜纳科斯的软毛制成的斗篷状服装。从19世纪80年代开始,以出口为导向的牧羊业迅速扩张,产生了一种新的社会生态,其基础是Aónikenk和Selk'nam的觅食者/猎人的暴力流离失所,外来有蹄类动物的引入以及季节性移民劳动力的使用。我追溯了商业狩猎瓜纳科动物的转变,从Aónikenk-dominated活动到移民猎人和出口瓜纳科动物的小规模贸易商的活动,瓜纳科动物是幼崽的脱毛皮毛。根据来自阿根廷和美国的证据,我记录了在20世纪20年代到80年代期间,数以百万计的瓜纳基托斯的狩猎和出口。我的结论是,今天瓜纳科斯的持续存在,除了时尚的变化之外,很大程度上是由于牧羊业的减少,以及阿根廷参加了保护野生动物的国际公约。最近的瓜纳科斯历史表明,与其把狩猎、栖息地丧失和消费看作是对野生动物的独立威胁,不如把它们看作是纠缠在一起的组成部分,它们共同塑造了人类和动物的现代历史。
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来源期刊
Global Environment
Global Environment ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
25.00%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: The half-yearly journal Global Environment: A Journal of History and Natural and Social Sciences acts as a forum and echo chamber for ongoing studies on the environment and world history, with special focus on modern and contemporary topics. Our intent is to gather and stimulate scholarship that, despite a diversity of approaches and themes, shares an environmental perspective on world history in its various facets, including economic development, social relations, production government, and international relations. One of the journal’s main commitments is to bring together different areas of expertise in both the natural and the social sciences to facilitate a common language and a common perspective in the study of history. This commitment is fulfilled by way of peer-reviewed research articles and also by interviews and other special features. Global Environment strives to transcend the western-centric and ‘developist’ bias that has dominated international environmental historiography so far and to favour the emergence of spatially and culturally diversified points of view. It seeks to replace the notion of ‘hierarchy’ with those of ‘relationship’ and ‘exchange’ – between continents, states, regions, cities, central zones and peripheral areas – in studying the construction or destruction of environments and ecosystems.
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