Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies最新文献

{"title":"“Tell me who your political boss is and I will tell you who you are:” patronage and public employment in Colombia","authors":"Sandra Patricia Martínez Basallo, Francisco Adolfo García Jerez","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2044133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2044133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Patron–client relations have accompanied the historical development of societies for decades. In recent times, they have adapted to fundamental transformations in the modes of capital accumulation and government. The current context of global labor flexibility and instability, as well as increasing inter-party competition for access to power, has provided new opportunities for the development of these relationships. In this context, one of the most contested arenas is public employment. Thus, this article reconstructs the modus operandi of the patron–client relationships that take place in a local public entity, from the perspective of the clients involved in such relationships. For this purpose, 70 in-depth interviews were conducted with employees of a public agency in the municipality of Santiago de Cali (Colombia). This study yields interesting results about the way in which the processes of labor deregulation and downsizing of the Colombian state have favored the functioning of patronage systems. It also describes the effects that these systems have had on the functioning of public agencies.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propaganda and authority in José Ricardo Morales’ play Los culpables (1964): a connection with the Chilean context","authors":"Juan Alfredo Del Valle Rojas","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2041840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2041840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Throughout recent history, Chilean society has suffered severe socio-political events, such as the advent of authoritarian regimes like Pinochet’s dictatorship (1973–1989) disseminating propaganda to defend political power and control citizens. This article critically analyzes and discusses the issue of military regimes performing authoritarian power and political repression against their citizens, which, in turn, is connected with the Chilean context of the second half of the twentieth century and the first decades of the twenty-first century. Using a discourse analysis approach, this study examines José Ricardo Morales’ play Los culpables to critique the emergence of an authoritarian political-military system disseminating political montage against innocent citizens throughout the twentieth century. The analysis of the play reveals an avant la lettre discourse on authoritarianism, which is relevant to shed light on a new interpretation of the current use of propaganda and violence as a form of political action by the Chilean government.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liberdade sindical e direitos humanos nas ditaduras militares sul-americanas: o papel da Organização Internacional do Trabalho – OIT","authors":"Henrique da Silveira Zanin, Luana Ribeiro Soto","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2041843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2041843","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMO Esse artigo examina os casos tratados pelo Comitê de Liberdade Sindical da OIT durante os períodos ditatoriais militares da América do Sul nas décadas de 60 a 80. Ainda, busca sistematizar o conteúdo normativo produzido pela OIT sobre liberdade sindical e analisar a relação da organização com tais países. Para tanto, esse trabalho recorreu à pesquisa documental, para estudo dos casos e convenções, à revisão de literatura, para conceituação e abordagem histórica, e ao método indutivo, para delinear ponderações gerais por meio da observação dos casos estudados. Verificou-se que houve participação do Comitê durante os períodos investigados, sendo que a espécie mais recorrente de reclamação diz respeito à privação de liberdade de sindicalistas. Ainda, notou-se que os países, com recorrência, se esquivavam de prestar informações, impedindo a atuação efetiva do Comitê.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deliberative talk, critical communities and the making of the 2018 Chilean feminist student movement","authors":"Indira Palacios-Valladares","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2041844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2041844","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the long-term causes behind massive feminist student protests in Chile in 2018. Based on in-depth interviews with key protagonists, it argues that the 2018 cycle owed a great deal to small feminist communities emerging during the prior decade within various student networks. Animated by sustained deliberation about the shortcomings of student sexual politics and a surge of feminism in Chile and abroad, these groups brought feminist ideas into the student movement, contributing to the development of identities, frames, organizations and repertoires that facilitated the take-off of protest in 2018. More generally, the paper suggests that attention to deliberative talk and critical communities illuminates how processes of social movement spillover, cognitive liberation and resource-building transform existing social movements, igniting protests around new demands.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Argumentación sin deliberación: Interactividad periodística en Internet y Twitter sobre los muertos del huracán María","authors":"Lourdes Lugo-Ortiz","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This research explores how the interactivity spaces provided by the press in Puerto Rico contributed to the journalistic narrative and deliberation on the deaths caused by Hurricane María. Five years after its anniversary, the disaster continues to affect the country's socioeconomic system. So, it is important to track the interactions that occurred on journalistic platforms at times when the state was unable to quantify the deaths caused by the cyclone. Although research indicates that both platforms are vehicles for journalism to fulfill its role in a democratic system, others contradict this optimistic vision, due to the toxicity in the interactions. Through content analysis, this study found that Twitter served as a vehicle for distributing news stories and expressing opinions; meanwhile, the online section, to comment and argue. Both platforms promoted interaction with news content and audiences, not with the media or journalists. Controversies and aggressions outlined the debate in the comments section, mainly by anonymous users, and the exchanges on both platforms did not promote deliberation and strengthened the journalistic narrative.Resumen:Este estudio explora cómo los espacios de interactividad que facilitó la prensa en Puerto Rico en Twitter y en la sección de comentarios en línea asistieron al relato periodístico y a la deliberación sobre las muertes provocadas por el huracán María. A cinco años de su aniversario, el desastre continúa afectando el sistema socioeconómico del país. Entonces, resulta importante rastrear las interacciones producidas en las plataformas periodísticas en momentos en que el estado no pudo cuantificar las muertes provocadas por el ciclón. Si bien investigaciones señalan que ambas plataformas son vehículos para que el periodismo cumpla su rol en un sistema democrático, otros contradicen esta visión optimista, debido a la toxicidad en las interacciones. Mediante un análisis de contenido, este estudio encontró que Twitter fungió como un vehículo para distribuir historias periodísticas y opinar; mientras, la sección de comentarios, para opinar y argumentar. Ambos soportes promovieron la interacción con el contenido noticioso y las audiencias, no así con los medios ni periodistas. Las controversias y agresiones perfilaron el debate en la sección de comentarios, principalmente por participantes anónimos, y los intercambios en ambas plataformas no promovieron la deliberación ni fortalecieron el relato periodístico en tiempos críticos para el país.Resumé:Cette recherche explore comment les espaces d'interactivité fournis par la presse à Porto Rico ont contribué au récit journalistique et à la délibération sur les décès causés par l'ouragan María. Cinq ans après son anniversaire, la catastrophe continue d'affecter le système socioéconomique du pays. Il est donc important de suivre les interactions qui se sont produites sur les plateformes journalistiques à des moments où l'État n›a pas été en mesure de quant","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76079764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cuban Hustle: Culture, Politics, Everyday Life by Sujatha Fernandes (review)","authors":"J. Stubbs","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87705393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children of Trinidad prioritize conservation of species that are important in nature","authors":"K. Jewell, M. N. Peterson, K. Stevenson, D. Choi","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Conservation is intended to protect species for future generations, so therefore conservationists should understand which species children want to protect. This may be particularly important in biodiversity hotspots, like islands, where resources are scarce, but biodiversity conservation needs are acute. We surveyed children (ages 7-12) on the island of Trinidad to determine how they prioritized wildlife species attributes for conservation. Species that are important in nature, and animals whose numbers are declining fast were seen as the most important attributes for prioritizing species conservation. Animals that can be hunted and fished for and animals that you can see around the home were considered the least important attributes for conservation. Our results suggest an emerging pattern of children's species preferences that is linked to geography and parallels those of conservation biologists. Species attribute ranking by children in Trinidad shared similarities with both children from a more remote island, who prioritized endemic species, and children from a continental location, who prioritized species that were ecologically important. These findings support an encouraging narrative where children's priorities for wildlife conservation are well positioned to support wildlife conservation.Resumen:La conservación está destinada a proteger las especies para las generaciones futuras, por lo que los conservacionistas deben saber qué especies quieren proteger los niños. Esto puede ser particularmente importante en puntos críticos de biodiversidad, como islas, donde los recursos son escasos, pero las necesidades de conservación de la biodiversidad son agudas. Encuestamos a niños (de 7 a 12 años) en la isla de Trinidad para determinar cómo priorizaban los atributos de las especies de vida silvestre para la conservación. Las especies que son importantes en la naturaleza y los animales cuyo número está disminuyendo rápidamente se consideraron los atributos más importantes para priorizar la conservación de especies. Los animales que se pueden cazar y pescar y los animales que se pueden ver en el hogar se consideraron los atributos menos importantes para la conservación. Nuestros resultados sugieren un patrón emergente de las preferencias de especies de los niños que está vinculado a la geografía y es paralelo al de los biólogos conservacionistas. La clasificación de los atributos de las especies por parte de los niños en Trinidad compartió similitudes tanto con los niños de una isla más remota, que priorizaron las especies endémicas, como con los niños de una ubicación continental, que priorizaron las especies que eran ecológicamente importantes. Estos hallazgos respaldan una narrativa alentadora donde las prioridades de los niños para la conservación de la vida silvestre están bien posicionadas para apoyar la conservación de la vida silvestre.Résumé:La conservation a pour but de protéger les espèces pour les générations futures, c'est pourq","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86813816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Guyana's Newfound Oil and Gas Wealth: Controversy and Challenge","authors":"Lomarsh Roopnarine, José Gabriel Martínez Borrás, K. Jewell, M. N. Peterson, K. Stevenson, Daniel Choi, Lourdes Lugo-Ortiz, Lizandra Torres Martínez, Frantz Roby Point Du Jour, P. Mundler, A. Maingot, Ángel D. Lozada, J. Stubbs, Miguel A. Rivera-Quiñones","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Multinational oil corporations have found massive amounts of oil and gas in Guyana, one of the poorest countries in the Americas. Guyana is poised to be the new petro-state if revenues from these minerals are used wisely and skillfully. The country is, however, unprepared to deal with the complexities and challenges of managing oil companies and new-found wealth. The oil giants have cowed the inexperienced Guyana oil team in signing away the country to multinational corporations. The government settled and signed for less, giving the oil giants generous concessions. The fluctuation of oil prices per barrel, the impact of COVID-19, as well as ongoing corruption, ethnic tensions, political polarization, and ambition infra-structural projects have cast doubts on Guyana's ability to manage the oil and gas industry effectively. Guyana is expected to lose US$55 billion from the one-sided signed contracts with oil giants and risk repeating the mistake of the resource curse experienced by many developing countries.Resumen:Las corporaciones petroleras multinacionales han encontrado cantidades masivas de petróleo y gas en Guyana, uno de los países más pobres de las Américas. Guyana está a punto de convertirse en el nuevo petroestado si los ingresos de estos minerales se utilizan de manera inteligente y hábil. Sin embargo, el país no está preparado para lidiar con las complejidades y los desafíos de administrar las compañías petroleras y la riqueza recién descubierta. Los gigantes petroleros han intimidado al inexperto equipo petrolero de Guyana al ceder el país a las corporaciones multinacionales. El gobierno se conformó y firmó por menos, dando generosas concesiones a los gigantes petroleros. La fluctuación de los precios del petróleo por barril, el impacto de la COVID-19, así como la corrupción continua, las tensiones étnicas, la polarización política y los ambiciosos proyectos de infraestructura, han arrojado dudas sobre la capacidad de Guyana para administrar la industria del petróleo y el gas de manera efectiva. Se espera que Guyana pierda 55.000 millones de dólares estadounidenses por los contratos unilaterales firmados con los gigantes petroleros y se arriesgue a repetir el error de la maldición de los recursos experimentada por muchos países en desarrollo.Resumé:Les sociétés pétrolières multinationales ont trouvé des quantités massives de pétrole et de gaz en Guyane, l'un des pays les plus pauvres des Amériques. La Guyane est en passe de devenir le nouvel État pétrolier si les revenus de ces minerais sont utilisés avec sagesse et compétence. Le pays n'est cependant pas préparé à faire face aux complexités et aux défis de la gestion des compagnies pétrolières et des nouvelles richesses. Les géants pétroliers ont intimidé l'équipe pétrolière inexpérimentée de la Guyane en cédant le pays aux multinationales. Le gouvernement a réglé et signé moins cher, accordant aux géants pétroliers de généreuses concessions. La fluctuation des prix du pétro","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84892857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negociación y poder bajo asimetrías comerciales: Estudio de caso de la República Dominicana en el DR-CAFTA","authors":"José Gabriel Martínez Borrás","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes the effects of trade (and power) asymmetries in negotiations between developed countries (DCS) and developing countries (DC). Based on the current state of multilateral trade negotiations in the World Trade Organization regime, we reveal how DCs benefit from this regime, building it according to their interests. To the extent that the DC organize themselves to defend their interests at the multilateral level, the DCS favor negotiations at the bilateral level to establish agreements that go from preferential to reciprocal, in which they impose conditions that favor them. Given the loss of preferences and trade defense policies, domestic DC industries are at a disadvantage compared to consolidated industries in the North. We take the Dominican Republic and its negotiation process and insertion into DR-CAFTA as a case study.Resumen:Este artículo analiza los efectos de las asimetrías comerciales (y de poder) en negociaciones entre países desarrollados (PD) y países en vías de desarrollo (PVD). Tomando como base el estado actual de las negociaciones multilaterales de comercio en el régimen de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, revelamos cómo los PD se benefician de este régimen, construyéndolo afín a sus intereses. En la medida que los PVD se organizan para defender sus intereses a nivel multilateral, los PD favorecen negociaciones a nivel bilateral para establecer acuerdos que transiten de preferenciales a recíprocos, en los cuales imponen condiciones que les favorecen. Ante la pérdida de preferencias y políticas de defensa comercial, industrias domésticas de PVD quedan en desventaja ante industrias consolidadas del Norte. Tomamos a la República Dominicana y su proceso de negociación e inserción al DRCAFTA como estudio de caso.Résumé:Cet article analyse les effets des asymétries commerciales (et de pouvoir) dans les négociations entre les pays développés (PD) et les pays en voie de développement (PVD). Sur la base de l'état actuel des négociations commerciales multilatérales dans le cadre du régime de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce, nous révélons comment les PD bénéficient de ce régime, le construisant en fonction de leurs intérêts. Dans la mesure où les PVD s'organisent pour défendre leurs intérêts au niveau multilatéral, les PD privilégient les négociations au niveau bilatéral pour établir des accords allant du préférentiel au réciproque, dans lesquels elles imposent des conditions qui les favorisent. Compte tenu de la perte des préférences et des politiques de défense commerciale, les industries nationales du PVD sont désavantagées par rapport aux industries consolidées du Nord. Nous prenons la République Dominicaine et son processus de négociation et son insertion dans le DR-CAFTA comme étude de cas.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74687088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Post-)colonial Archipelagos: Comparing the Legacies of Spanish Colonialism in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines ed. by Hans-Jürgen Burchardt and Johanna Leinius (review)","authors":"Ángel D. Lozada","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84522883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}