Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies最新文献

{"title":"ANIMAL TRAFFIC: Lively Capital in the Global Exotic Pet Trade","authors":"Connie L. Johnston","doi":"10.1080/00167428.2021.1933774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167428.2021.1933774","url":null,"abstract":"It seemed unfortunately fitting that, just before I began to write this review of Rosemary-Claire Collard’s important book, Animal Traffic, I read a story about five monkeys spotted in a Cincinnati, Ohio, neighborhood. Police believed they were not from the zoo, but privately owned. Witnesses reported that the monkeys were tall, with very long, skinny arms, and I immediately thought of the spider monkeys Collard describes. This news story illustrates one of most basic, yet significant, things communicated in this book—that exotic pets are not just in the domain of sensationalist documentaries like Netflix’s wildly popular (and disturbing) Tiger King, or found snarling and slithering somewhere on the estates of drug kingpins. There are untold multitudes of these animals existing in more mundane settings throughout the United States and globally, and we only occasionally get a glimpse of this world when there are “escapees.” In Animal Traffic, Collard informs us of the only partially accounted for magnitude of the global exotic pet trade, but of course she does much more. Her project is to theorize these animals as what she calls “lively capital,” to demonstrate the global pet trade’s effects on these sentient beings’ lives and communities, and to project her analysis onto the effects of capitalism on noncaptive wild animals and the natural world more broadly. Collard draws on Marxist, feminist, and postcolonial theory/theorists in crafting her analysis, deftly applying elements originally focused on inanimate objects to the living subjects of her work. Throughout, Collard also provides details of her experiences in the field in Mexico and Central America at biosphere reserves and a rehabilitation facility for former exotic pets, and in various North American locations at exotic pet auctions and sanctuaries. In these sections she shows herself to be not only a thoughtful scholar, but also an exceptionally engaging writer, employing beautifully descriptive prose to recount details from her fieldwork. Not absent from this book are Collard’s recognition of her positionality as a Global North academic, and her emotional responses to the situations she witnesses. The book is set out in five chapters. In the introduction, Collard discusses her goals and arguments, and gives an overview of the global exotic pet trade. As a foundation for her analysis, she establishes a set of traits—”individual, controllable, and encounterable” (p. 29)—with which a wild animal must be imbued to ultimately transform into a living, yet thing-like, commodity (“lively capital”). These traits are what provide “use value” for humans, and Collard explains that for the commodity transformation to happen, exotic animals “are subject to","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00167428.2021.1933774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58993800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"States of exception as paradigms of government: emergency and criminal justice in Jamaica?","authors":"J. Young","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2066819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2066819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emergencies/exceptions are presumed to be disruptive events which are inherently dangerous to the normal workings of a nation-state. Declarations of emergency by governments of all types around the world to deal with a variety of crises have prompted Italian political philosopher Giorgio Agamben to characterize them as “the dominant paradigm of government” (2005. State of Exception. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). This paper explores the Jamaican government’s penchant for using emergency powers to curb high homicide rates. During 2017–2020, Jamaica has declared and operated several States of Emergencies (SOEs) and Zones of Special Operations (ZOSOs) to address what are usually considered ordinary criminal justice matters. In this paper, I argue that the resulting anomalies, such as arbitrary plus extended detentions and internal extraordinary renditions, have placed Jamaica in a quasi-permanent “state of exception” in which the constitutional rights of some citizens have been compromised in the name of state security. This paper contributes to the growing literature on how blurry the lines between norm and emergency/exception have become across different global jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition, limited resources and human rights in radio spectrum allocation in Chile","authors":"Chiara Sáez, Javier García","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2059194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2059194","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses the current radio spectrum allocation in Chile. Findings are analyzed from a theoretical perspective including competition, human rights and limited resource management. Findings indicate a very high concentration of concessions in private actors based on a generalist business model that even applies to public institutions, which coexists with a specific community model in the case of radio and television, with lower rates of participation and policies that give little incentive, to the point that we could consider it a discriminatory treatment. The resulting system, although compatible with the legal frame, does not comply with international human rights standards or the principles of free trade. This systematization and analysis constitute relevant inputs for the ongoing constitutional debate.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’Amérique du Nord: une histoire des identités et des solidarités","authors":"Geneviève Dorais","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2055340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2055340","url":null,"abstract":"failed protests also challenges the neoliberal logic. Finally, in the conclusion, the author looks at how land rescue or occupation can unfold in Puerto Rico. As such, she draws on Frantz Fanon and many other local authors to discuss decoloniality. After a brief summary of the previous chapters, Zambrana concludes with a reflection on how pessimism can be the site of hope. Although Zambrana warns us that the book is looking at a specific case and situation, I would like to disagree with her: this book’s reach goes beyond Puerto Rico. Colonial Debts is an in-depth philosophical reflection on how debt has been theorized by other scholars while engaging thoughtfully in conceptual work that offers important insights into how debt can be resisted and transformed. Reader-activists would want to read this book, especially anti-debt activists. Scholars of and on Puerto Rico would also be interested in having a different look at the colonial relation at play here through historical debt. This book might be about Puerto Rico, but the anti-debt movement, especially in relation to colonial dynamics, has reached far beyond it.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47229035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cuban hustle: culture, politics, everyday life","authors":"Catia Dignard","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2055331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2055331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49235827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El mecenazgo estructural y la movilización social en Ecuador","authors":"Esteban Nicholls","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2044130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2044130","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es profundizar el tratamiento teórico que se da entre Estado y demandas sociales. En particular, utilizando el caso ecuatoriano como estudio de caso, la inferencia descriptiva y el análisis teórico como metodologías, se argumenta que el mecenazgo estructural es una de las maneras de entender movilizaciones sociales. Su originalidad yace en destacar y orientar nuestro entendimiento del porque en ciertas sociedades latinoamericanas la “cultura” del mecenazgo prevalece ante otras fuerzas, típicamente asociadas a las “condiciones objetivas” de la vida de la gente pobre, particularmente en este caso, los pueblos indígenas ecuatorianos. La conclusión a la que he llegado es que el mecenazgo estructural es útil para entender el por qué y la fuerza de ciertas movilizaciones sociales.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrifying Mexico: Technology and the Transformation of a Modern City / Fueling Mexico: Energy and Environment, 1850–1950","authors":"Amelia M. Kiddle","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2055343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2055343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonial debts: the case of Puerto Rico","authors":"Valérie Vézina","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2055337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2055337","url":null,"abstract":"forest or sea, to transport in clandestine containers, to clearinghouses and into our living rooms. That people do violently extractive things to turn a profit is surely disturbing to no one at this point. What is provocative and gut wrenching about this book is that it compels us to turn the lens on ourselves. As animal “lovers” who have chirped “hello!” at a parrot in a pet store, taken photos with captive monkeys on vacation, carried home a turtle in a box, kept hermit grabs (guilty as charged!) or enjoyed the “beauty” of a salt water fish tank, we are forced to face our own roles in the tangled webs of the exotic animal trade. Collard shocks and horrifies us, as she should, with disturbing statistics and descriptions of awful conditions that animals endure, the many animals who die in transit, and the reality that many survivors also die within a year of reaching their new “homes”. She makes it clear that as responsible humans (and scholars?) we must look behind the curtain and learn about animals’ forgotten histories, double fetishization, related death and destruction and compelling wild alternatives. In the end, Collard brings the book home in both senses, detailing an emotional response she had when learning of an escaped (banned) serval on Vancouver Island. The story ended poorly but the bigger picture is that the serval had made it to its final exotic pet destination and had also tasted brief freedom before being killed by a truck, representing a longer and likely better life than many animals who have moved along the belts of the exotic pet trade. If you like reading or teaching about commodity tracking/tracing that leads all the way back to main sources of demand (the US and UK in this case), political ecologies of conservation, learning about unique pockets of consumption-related human existence or being informed about our (generally pretty awful) relationships with non-human species, this book is for you. If you are interested in animal welfare and imagining kinder relations with more-than-humans, this book will inspire. Collard packs a lot of insights into the less-than -200 pages, representing sharp research and storytelling skills. But, before you travel to the depths of the exotic animal trade with Collard and her keen analyses, know that it will forever change how you gaze upon a saltwater fish tank or pet store parrot display, if you have not yet peeked behind the exotic pet trade curtain.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¡Vamos a Avanzar! The Chaco War and Bolivia’s political transformation","authors":"G. Tremblay","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2055341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2055341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing the Spanish Empire in Havana: state slavery in defense and development, 1762–1835","authors":"J. Dyck","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2055332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2055332","url":null,"abstract":"Cultures. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Fernandes, Sujatha. 2011. Close to the Edge: In Search of the Global Hip Hop Generation. London: Verso. Gutiérrez Alea, Tomás. 1979. Los sobrevivientes. Havana: El Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos. Gutiérrez Alea, Tomás, Juan Carlos Tabío, and Senel Paz. 1994. Fresa y chocolate [Strawberry and Chocolate]. Havana, Cuba: El Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos in coproduction with Telemadrid . . . [et al.]. Pérez, Fernando. 1998. La vida es silbar. Havana: El Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos in coproduction with Wanda Distribución de Filmes.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48808682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}