{"title":"Manifestações de rua no Brasil de 2013 a 2015: cultura digital reapropriada","authors":"Caru Schwingel","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2110792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2110792","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMO No ano de 2013, o Brasil quase parou com manifestações nas ruas por todo o país. Chamadas por movimentos de juventude, de forma inédita, completamente através das redes sociais, surpreenderam com a força e a estratégia de sua organização. As Jornadas de 2013 tiveram início com o Movimento Passe Livre contra o aumento de vinte centavos na tarifa de ônibus, em São Paulo, e eclodiram em protestos em defesa de direitos humanos e sociais em mais de 500 cidades. Em alguns meses, foram apropriadas por grupos de direita com financiamentos transnacionais. Em pouco mais de ano, os protestos levam ao impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, primeira mulher presidente no país, e à retomada do governo federal pelo mesmo grupo desde a redemocratização. O deslumbramento dos brasileiros para com o uso das mídias sociais e a manipulação na distribuição de conteúdos propiciam o avanço do conservadorismo e a renovação do campo das direitas na política brasileira. Desde uma perspectiva decolonial, através de revisão bibliográfica narrativa, este artigo visa demonstrar como movimentos de direita se apropriaram das estratégias da cultura digital brasileira fomentadas até então pelos governos progressistas. Apresenta ações federais para a formação setorial da cultura digital, os principais agentes das manifestações, suas estratégias e reivindicações, com o objetivo de compreender as consequências políticas dos protestos ocorridos até 2015.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"521 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women, violence and tourism: modes of domination in the Mexican Caribbean","authors":"Jaime Aragón Falomir","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2110784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2110784","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze and determine the factors that reinforce the precariousness experienced by women in Cancún, Mexico’s most important international tourism city. For this research, we follow the literature on the structure of coloniality, as well as critical research on the relations between domination and violence against women. We identify three aspects. First, the mechanisms inherited from the social differentiation since colonization between central (Western) and peripheral (non-Western) actors. Second, the fracture of the social fabric built by tourism between tourists and locals. Third, the patriarchal structure that particularly affects women. We ask ourselves to what extent the democratization process has not modified a postcolonial society for women. We show this through the study of a threefold event: a feminicide, the protest it triggered and the implausible repressive response of the state. We realize that bringing the debate on femicides to the public arena in Cancún implies a significant barrier (because the city depends on its international reputation). Usually, research on the subject concentrates on one or two variables; our work contributes to the state of the field by intertwining multiples ways of domination experienced by woman who suffer most from the so-called intersectionality (racism, classism, xenophobia, heterosexism). This allows us to understand how and why women in civil society demonstrating against gender violence can be repressed with impunity. We conclude with the fact that oppression is physical but also legal (justice and Rule of Law) and that both are pending issues in the democratization process.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"499 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario Pecheny, Mirna Lucaccini, Luca Zaidan, Lucila Szwarc
{"title":"Movilizaciones por la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en Argentina y Uruguay: esperas que no son dulces","authors":"Mario Pecheny, Mirna Lucaccini, Luca Zaidan, Lucila Szwarc","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2110764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2110764","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN El derecho al aborto seguro, gratuito y legal es la demanda más saliente de los colectivos feministas latinoamericanos. La lucha por el aborto se ha cristalizado en manifestaciones que han tomado a los gobiernos y parlamentos como sujetos privilegiados de interpelación, pues son estos quienes detentan la capacidad de implementar las reformas legales necesarias para volver accesible tal derecho. Desde una perspectiva teórico-política, este artículo analiza la composición, las características y la eficacia de las manifestaciones por la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en Argentina (entre 2015 y 2020) y en Uruguay (2012), en clave de “prácticas de espera”. Para eso, se considera, primero, la narrativa de derechos en la que se inscriben los reclamos; segundo, el estatus teórico-político de la ciudadanía de las mujeres; tercero, la operatividad de una doble espera social: la callejera frente a la deliberación legislativa y la política-ciudadana frente a los tiempos electorales.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"390 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stories that make history: Mexico through Elena Poniatowska’s Crónicas","authors":"M. L. O. Muñoz","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2112832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2112832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"546 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The surrendered: reflections by a Son of Shining Path","authors":"Eduardo Malpica","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2022.2112841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2022.2112841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"550 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59726095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tale of two 'others': Remembering the Garifuna indigenous voice in Belize's Toledo District","authors":"A. Gough","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.a901612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.a901612","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:For the past twenty-five years, Belize's Toledo District has been the theatre for one of the world's most recognised indigenous rights cases as the Toledo Maya have sought tangible recognition of their customary rights over their ancestral lands. It has been a battle fought through both domestic and regional courts, gaining notoriety for the first domestic invocation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples within the legal judgement. However, recent events have reminded that this contested land, one naturally dominated by Maya narratives in recent decades, is home to two indigenous peoples. This piece adopts the indigenous lens to the Toledo Garifuna—the Afro-indigenous people who settled in Toledo following their exile from St Vincent. Despite receiving significant scholarly attention in Belize and beyond, the Garifuna role (or lack of) in the Maya land rights case is conspicuous by its absence in academic discourse. After outlining both peoples' shared indigenous history in Toledo, the focus turns to discussing the reasons why the Garifuna did not join the Maya in their legal challenge, before finally considering the surge in Garifuna advocacy in recent years, one that must be welcomed with both hope and caution.Resumen:Durante los últimos veinticinco años, el distrito de Toledo en Belice ha sido escenario de uno de los casos de derechos indígenas más reconocidos del mundo, ya que los mayas de Toledo han buscado el reconocimiento tangible de sus derechos consuetudinarios sobre sus tierras ancestrales. Ha sido una batalla librada a través de tribunales nacionales y regionales, ganando notoriedad particular por la primera invocación nacional de la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas dentro del juicio legal. Sin embargo, los acontecimientos recientes han recordado que esta tierra en disputa, naturalmente dominada por las narrativas mayas en las últimas décadas, es el hogar de dos pueblos indígenas. Este artículo adopta la perspectiva indígena de los toledanos garífunas—el pueblo afroindígena que se asentó en Toledo tras su exilio de San Vicente. A pesar de recibir una atención académica significativa en Belice y más allá, el rol garífuna (o la falta de este) en el caso de los derechos territoriales de los mayas, ha sido poco atendido desde la academia. Después de esbozar la historia indígena compartida de ambos pueblos en Toledo, este artículo se enfoca en discutir las razones por las que los garífunas no se unieron a los mayas en su desafío legal, antes de considerar finalmente el aumento en la defensa de los garífunas en los últimos años, algo que debe ser bienvenido con esperanza y, a su vez, con cautela.Résumé:Au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, le district de Toledo au Belize a été le théâtre de l'un des cas de droits autochtones les plus reconnus au monde, les Mayas de Toledo ayant demandé une reconnaissance tangible de leurs droits coutumiers sur leurs t","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":"3 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86135677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the insularity of words: Transmutations of the Caribbean Storyteller in Chamoiseau's Solibo Magnificent and Cabrera's Los Compadres","authors":"Marcelo Rene Gomes Perez","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.a901614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.a901614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay examines how the role of the contemporary Caribbean storyteller is perceived and depicted in Martinican writer Patrick Chamoiseau's Solibo Magnificent and in Cuban writer Lydia Cabrera's short story \"Los Compadres\" from the collection Cuentos Negros de Cuba. By analyzing both literary works it intends to portray and examine how oral transmission of information as a traditional instrument of shared knowledge and resistance has been propagated and transformed from oral to written language in the Caribbean. As I demonstrate in this article, both authors reclaim the act of storytelling based on Caribbean African heritage and, in the case of the Francophone Caribbean, the distance that separates the Creole from the official language of the islands, French. This study also analyzes the traditional characteristics and value of the storyteller to past and contemporary societies by using alongside Walter Benjamin's \"The Storyteller: Reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov,\" since his essay has become one of the main works for the purpose of studying the figure of the storyteller and his modern significance.Resumen:Este ensayo examina cómo se percibe y representa el papel del narrador caribeño contemporáneo en Solibo Magnífico del escritor martiniqués Patrick Chamoiseau y en el cuento \"Los Compadres\" de la escritora cubana Lydia Cabrera de la colección Cuentos Negros de Cuba. Mediante el análisis de ambas obras literarias se pretende retratar y examinar cómo la transmisión oral de información, como instrumento tradicional de conocimiento compartido y resistencia, se ha propagado y transformado del lenguaje oral al escrito en el Caribe. Como demuestro en este artículo, ambos autores reivindican el acto de narrar a partir de la herencia africana caribeña y, en el caso del Caribe francófono, la distancia que separa al criollo de la lengua oficial de las islas, el francés. Este estudio también analiza las características tradicionales y el valor del narrador para las sociedades pasadas y contemporáneas a partir de \"El narrador. Consideraciones sobre las obras de Nikolai Leskov\" de Walter Benjamin, ya que su ensayo se ha convertido en una de las principales obras que estudia la figura del narrador y su significado moderno.Résumé:Cet essai examine comment le rôle du conteur caribéen contemporain est perçu et dépeint dans Solibo Magnificent de l'écrivain martiniquais Patrick Chamoiseau et dans la nouvelle de l'écrivaine cubaine Lydia Cabrera \"Los Compadres\" de la collection Cuentos Negros de Cuba. En analysant les deux œuvres littéraires, il entend décrire et examiner comment la transmission orale de l'information, en tant qu'instrument traditionnel de partage des connaissances et de résistance, s'est propagée et transformée de l'oral à l'écrit dans les Caraïbes. Comme je le démontre dans cet article, les deux auteurs se réapproprient l'acte de narration basé sur l'héritage africain caribéen et, dans le cas de la Caraïbe francophone, la dis","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"85 1","pages":"73 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83880974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aperturas exegéticas del Caliban de Aimé Césaire","authors":"Carlos Aguirre Aguirre","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.a901613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.a901613","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen:El trabajo propone distintas aperturas exegéticas del personaje de Caliban de la obra de teatro Una tempestad (adaptación para el teatro negro de La tempestad de Shakespeare) de Aimé Césaire. En un primer momento, se detiene en la estrategia crítica ficcional de la escritura de Césaire la cual es conceptualizada como \"calibanesca\" en relación a la nomenclatura y la filosofía metropolitana. A continuación, se analiza la figuración particular de la tragedia en la mentada pieza teatral, considerando la exigencia cesaireana de reanudar el conflicto colonial entre Próspero y Caliban. Después se discute la imagen/estereotipo del monstruo Caliban y su reescritura estratégica por parte del poeta martiniqués, destacando, asimismo, la importancia del cuerpo en dicho movimiento. Finalmente se problematiza la particularidad del Caliban negro de Una tempestad y su autonombramiento como X, concluyendo cómo en este ejercicio se abre una agencia descolonizadora trágica del cuerpo capaz de interrumpir el monopolio occidental de la lengua y los efectos coloniales de los estereotipos que construye.Abstract:The work proposes different exegetical openings of the character of Caliban from the play A Tempest (Based on Shakespeare's 'The Tempest;' Adaptation for a Black Theatre) by Aimé Césaire. At first, it focuses on the fictional critical strategy of Césaire's writing, which is conceptualized as \"Calibanesque\" concerning nomenclature and metropolitan philosophy. Next, the particular figuration of the tragedy in the aforementioned theatrical piece is analyzed, considering the Cesairean demand to resume the colonial conflict between Prospero and Caliban. Afterward, the image/stereotype of the monster Caliban and its strategic rewriting by the Martinican poet are discussed, also highlighting the importance of the body in this movement. Finally, the particularity of the black Caliban from A Tempest and his self-appointment as X is problematized, concluding how in this exercise a tragic decolonizing agency of the body is opened, capable of interrupting the Western monopoly of language and the colonial effects of the stereotypes it builds.Résumé:Cet article propose différentes ouvertures exégétiques du personnage de Caliban de la pièce La Une tempête (d'après 'La Tempête' de William Shakespeare: adaptation pour un théâtre nègre) d'Aimé Césaire. Dans un premier temps, il s'intéresse à la stratégie critique fictionnelle de l'écriture de Césaire, conceptualisée comme «calibanesque» par rapport à la nomenclature et à la philosophie métropolitaine. Ensuite, la figuration particulière de la tragédie dans la pièce théâtrale susmentionnée est analysée, compte tenu de la demande césarienne de reprendre le conflit colonial entre Prospero et Caliban. Ensuite, l'image/stéréotype du monstre Caliban et sa réécriture stratégique par le poète martiniquais sont abordées, soulignant également l'importance du corps dans ce mouvement. Enfin, la particularité du Caliban noir de A Tempe","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"47 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88771165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caribbean Nationalism in the time of COVID-19: Analyzing the Official Deployment of Nationalism in Barbados","authors":"Latoya Lazarus, Ian Craig","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.a901616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.a901616","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper critically analyzes nationalism as a feature of public discourse in Barbados during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, nationalism has resurfaced over the last decade as a focus of heated debates within diverse arenas, including academia, politics, and popular culture. The COVID-19 pandemic also brought to the surface latent tensions around nationhood and the relations between the local and international. Official invocations of nationalist discourses have thus been apparent in a number of Caribbean nation-states, as elsewhere, during COVID-19. Such invocations of nationhood are of particular interest in the case of Caribbean states because they both exemplify uncritical appeals to a homogenous grouping, but also because they often simultaneously acknowledge the importance of ongoing connectivity with the broader regional and international communities and assert the renewed relevance of multilateralism or internationalism, more broadly. This paper examines the ways in which various nationalist discourses or sentiments were strategically deployed in the Barbadian state's communication to the people in this specific moment of crisis, exploring the implications of these deployments for the national, regional, and international self-positionings of Caribbean Small Island States.Resumen:Este artículo analiza críticamente el nacionalismo como una característica del discurso público en Barbados durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19. A nivel mundial, el nacionalismo ha resurgido durante la última década como foco de acalorados debates en diversos ámbitos, incluidos el mundo académico, la política y la cultura popular. La pandemia de COVID-19 también sacó a la luz tensiones latentes en torno a la nacionalidad y las relaciones entre lo local y lo internacional. Por lo tanto, las invocaciones oficiales de discursos nacionalistas han sido evidentes en varios estados-nación del Caribe, como en otros lugares, durante el COVID-19. Tales invocaciones de nación son de particular interés en el caso de los estados del Caribe porque ejemplifican llamamientos acríticos a un grupo homogéneo, pero también porque a menudo reconocen simultáneamente la importancia de la conectividad continua con las comunidades regionales e internacionales más amplias y afirman la relevancia renovada de multilateralismo o internacionalismo, más ampliamente. Este documento examina las formas en que varios discursos o sentimientos nacionalistas se desplegaron estratégicamente en la comunicación del estado de Barbados con la gente en este momento específico de crisis, explorando las implicaciones de estos despliegues para los autoposicionamientos nacionales, regionales e internacionales de los pequeños estados insulares del Caribe.Résumé:Cet article analyse de manière critique le nationalisme en tant que caractéristique du discours public à la Barbade pendant la première vague de la pandémie de COVID-19. À l'échelle mondiale, le nationalisme a ","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"119 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85970296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factores humanos, Marginación Social Relativa y Nación Transnacional en la periferia del capitalismo: Prioridades cognoscitivas para el futuro cubano","authors":"Edel J. Fresneda","doi":"10.1353/crb.2022.a901615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2022.a901615","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen:En el presente artículo se abordan, de manera breve, aspectos sustantivos para comprender el presente cubano. La novedad aquí radica en la propuesta de considerar la \"marginación social relativa\" que enfrentan los factores humanos, como una interacción endógena, ineficiente y compleja, que ocurre dentro de un sistema socialista periférico. Desde esa complejidad sui generis, ocurre un éxodo de recursos humanos con conocimientos necesarios para incrementar la productividad, promover la diversificación, la innovación y para superar la crisis sistémica que enfrenta la economía de la isla. Factores que buscan integrarse a otras estructuras allende a las fronteras geográficas, para disponer de activos que permiten la reproducción social y familiar. Esto es una consecuencia de la integración deficiente de tales recursos en la economía de la isla. En su conjunto, este enfoque explica la migración reciente en Cuba, al margen de argumentaciones exclusivamente políticas o parcializadas sobre ese fenómeno. Se presenta aquí, además, la idea sobre una alternativa de desarrollo para la isla donde un aspecto esencial es la integración de esos factores humanos. Sobre todo, por una naturaleza transnacional de la nación cubana, que se extiende a través de la migración y que es una característica soslayada en el discurso político en la isla.Abstract:This article briefly addresses substantive aspects to understand the Cuban present. The novelty here lies in the proposal to consider the \"relative social marginalization\" faced by human factors, as an endogenous, inefficient and complex interaction, which occurs within a peripheral socialist system. From this sui generis complexity, there is an exodus of human resources with the necessary knowledge to increase productivity, promote diversification, innovation and to overcome the systemic crisis facing the island's economy. Factors that seek to integrate with other structures beyond geographical borders, to have assets that allow social and family reproduction. This is a consequence of the deficient integration of such resources in the island's economy. As a whole, this approach explains recent migration in Cuba, regardless of exclusively political or biased arguments about this phenomenon. Also presented here is the idea of an alternative development for the island where an essential aspect is the integration of these human factors. Above all, due to the transnational nature of the Cuban nation, which extends through migration and which is an overlooked characteristic of political discourse on the island.Résumé:Cet article aborde brièvement les aspects de fond pour comprendre le présent cubain. La nouveauté réside ici dans la proposition de considérer la « marginalisation sociale relative » à laquelle sont confrontés les facteurs humains, comme une interaction endogène, inefficace et complexe, qui se produit au sein d'un système socialiste périphérique. De cette complexité sui generis, il y a un exode de ressour","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":"145 1","pages":"118 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86021938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}