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Flow Batteries - Storing Energy on the Grid 液流电池——在电网上储存能量
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2016-05-08 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7548
V. Gattu
{"title":"Flow Batteries - Storing Energy on the Grid","authors":"V. Gattu","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7548","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for electricity produced from renewable sources, such as wind and solar has considerably increased in the past decade, largely owing to the need for clean energy with no environmental impact and carbon sequestration. The energy generated from intermittent sources: wind and solar is dependent upon various climatic and geographical conditions, serves as the driving force for storing energy on grid in suitable energy packing systems to be utilized at peak hours. Consequently, the capacity to store vast amounts of energy is rising. Flow batteries have gained significant importance during the recent years owing to the performance and ability to store vast amounts of energy. This paper reviews popular types of flow batteries, current trends, and future measures to optimize the performance for long-term durability of these flow based energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114913450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined Heat & Power's Role in Modern Grid System 热电联产在现代电网系统中的作用
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2016-05-08 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7547
J. Jiang
{"title":"Combined Heat & Power's Role in Modern Grid System","authors":"J. Jiang","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7547","url":null,"abstract":"The 21 st  century needs a modern grid to meet increasingly higher standards in grid efficiency, reliability, security, power quality and environmental impact. Conventional coal-fired power plants, as the major electricity power house, are being phased out due to more stringent environmental regulations. However the electricity demand still persists. Combined heat and power (CHP) as a decentralized power generation system can support the transition and formation of the modern grid because of its high efficiency, enhanced system resiliency, improved power quality, reduced cost and carbon emissions, and its fast response complimentary to intermittent renewable energy. A case study was incorporated to demonstrate CHP's indispensable role in a modern grid configuration.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117311879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Characterization of 20% Yttria doped Cerium on Silicon 硅上掺20%钇铈的电化学阻抗谱及表征
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-11-23 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7545
M. Saber, J. I. Rossero, C. Takoudis
{"title":"Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Characterization of 20% Yttria doped Cerium on Silicon","authors":"M. Saber, J. I. Rossero, C. Takoudis","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V9I1.7545","url":null,"abstract":"Bare silicon and 20% yttria stabilized ceria on a silicon substrate are annealed. The annealed substrates are analyzed at varying temperatures using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impedance data is fitted against appropriate equivalent circuits and the fitted data is characterized with an Arrhenius plot and a plot of the ionic conductivity against temperature. The 20% YDC sample is found to have a high ionic conductivity, and therefore should be studied further in order to determine the practicality of using YDC as an electrolyte.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Transportation Application 运输用储氢技术
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7541
R. Todorovic
{"title":"Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Transportation Application","authors":"R. Todorovic","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7541","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the possible onboard hydrogen storageoptions available today namely in fuel cell or ICE/electric hybrid vehicles. The issues associatedwith increasing the hydrogen volumetric densities via solid state materials storage and liquid carriersare the main focus with an overview of the current storage technologies. Possible onboard hydrogenproduction is discussed based on water splitting technologies.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"9 35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129535288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Smart Grid and its Eects on Utilities, Consumers and Energy Storage 智能电网及其对公用事业、消费者和储能的影响
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7535
A. Gilbert
{"title":"The Smart Grid and its Eects on Utilities, Consumers and Energy Storage","authors":"A. Gilbert","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7535","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. electrical utilities have started a major renovation of the electrical grid infrastructure tointegrate IT technology to the existing grid, creating a Smart Grid. Until this recent conversion, theelectric grid has remained relatively unchanged for over 100 years.As the Smart Grid is installed,there will be benets such as higher reliability, increased system eciency and the integration of newgreener technology. Energy storage technology could have the opportunity to provide relief on thegrid, especially during peaks of demand. However, the smart grid is not without its opponents due toconcerns of public health, cost and privacy.The purpose of this paper is to explore the conversion ofthe existing grid infrastructure to a Smart Grid and how it will aect electricity consumers, utilitiesand the integration of energy storage technology on the grid.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128622408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Storage and Generation for Clean Renewable Transportation 清洁可再生运输的存储和发电
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7538
J. Barrett
{"title":"Storage and Generation for Clean Renewable Transportation","authors":"J. Barrett","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7538","url":null,"abstract":"Current technology advancements have made renewable power generation and electric vehicles feasible in today's market. As these technologies continue to merge into our systems, they create a need for energy storage and greater demand for clean power. The electric vehicle and the grid are going to be integrated due to the charging need of the EV. By developing the technologies together with smart communications, they can help solve issues with a reward or solution for each industry. Vehicle and grid connectivity is of the upmost importance as Electric Vehicles (EV) come online. Communications and infrastructure upgrades are going to be needed as renewables and EV technology develops. Renewable energy production tends to be intermittent and will require storage. Adaptation of the Electric Vehicle depends on a better battery. As we strive to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels the electric vehicles are becoming part of our means of transportation. These changes are creating a greater need for renewable electric generation to power these vehicles and reduce fossil fuel usage. As additional renewable power generation comes onto the grid, the need for storage is increased. Electric vehicles will also create a large demand on the grid for charging the batteries. Utilizing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid, and improved communications can solve these hurdles.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Plants onthe Grid 并网聚光太阳能电站潜热蓄热研究进展
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7536
E. Flores
{"title":"A Review of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Plants onthe Grid","authors":"E. Flores","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7536","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal Energy Storage has improved the dispatch ability of Concentrated Solar Power Plants(CSP), a renewable source of energy on the grid. Furthermore, Latent heat Thermal Energy Storage(LTES)shows potential as a storage technology by further reducing costs and improving eciencyfor CSP plants. This papers reviews the goals for LTES, the developments in phase change materialsfor LTES, the types of system congurations possible, and the challenges that LTES face. Fromthe scientic literature available, LTES systems can meet TES goals, and research is progressing inmaking it a scalable technology for CSP plants.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126585356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Energy Storage Methods - Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage - A Review 储能方法-超导磁储能-综述
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7540
R. Holla
{"title":"Energy Storage Methods - Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage - A Review","authors":"R. Holla","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7540","url":null,"abstract":"Energy storage is very important for electricity as it improves the way electricity is generated,delivered and consumed. Storage of energy helps during emergencies such as power outages fromnatural calamities, equipment failures, accidents etc. It is very challenging to balance the powersupply needs with the demand instantaneously within milliseconds. This makes power networksmore resilient and ecient. Storage of excess energy, to meet the ever increasing levels of primaryenergy derived from renewable sources needs further development and advancement. The intro-duction of environmentally-conscious policies to lower greenhouse gas emissions and increase thesecurity of energy supplies heavily in uences the market rules today. All these factors have led toexplore renewable energy sources, their use to meet the ever increasing energy demand and electricalenergy storage (EES). One of the energy storage methods, superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES),will be discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122166189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Triclosan Resistance in Francisella tularensis: A Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study of the FabI Enzyme 土拉菌对三氯生的耐药性:FabI酶的定点诱变研究
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7531
N. Silas, R. Demissie, L. Fung
{"title":"Triclosan Resistance in Francisella tularensis: A Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study of the FabI Enzyme","authors":"N. Silas, R. Demissie, L. Fung","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7531","url":null,"abstract":"An NADH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, FabI, catalyzes the final step of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, reducing the double bond of trans-2-enoyl-ACP to a single bond forming acyl-ACP. Given its importance in bacterial fatty acid synthesis, FabI has become a recognized drug target. Triclosan, a diphenyl ether, targets the FabI, inhibits its activity, and stops bacterial growth. However, as a consequence of triclosan's popularity, and thus its overuse, bacterial resistance to triclosan has been reported. The mutation G93V in  Escherichia coli (E. coli)  FabI allows E. coli to resist the action of triclosan. We have identified the equivalent residue of G93 in  Francisella tularensis FabI (ft FabI) as A92, and prepared a mutant A92V.  E. coli  cells, transformed with a plasmid containing the  ft FabI-A92V gene, were grown, and the gene was overexpressed. From two growths (6 G of cells), 62 mG of protein, with a histidine tag, at a purity of 85% were obtained. Enzymatic activity was assayed by monitoring the absorbance of NADH at 340 nm. In the presence of triclosan, the wild-type protein was almost completely inhibited after NADH was converted to NAD$^+$ in the enzymatic reaction; however the A92V mutant exhibited similar activity with and without triclosan, demonstrating that triclosan resistance may also develop in  Francisella tularensis .","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123104048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Startup energy storage technologies for the building level: A review 建筑层面的启动储能技术综述
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7532
J. Choi
{"title":"Startup energy storage technologies for the building level: A review","authors":"J. Choi","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7532","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of renewable energy at the building level is increasing in popularity but brings many challenges. Energy storage, or batteries, is a potential solution to these challenges, but no currently available technology is objectively the best battery. This paper reviews promising startup company energy storage technologies at the building level, and organizes them into the following categories: cheaper, better, and greener. The amount of funding, which could be an indicator of future success, is also reviewed. Six energy storage technologies and funding for the respective startup companies were reviewed. The technologies reviewed were all found to have both advantages and disadvantages, and Aquion Energy's \"green\" battery was found to have received the most funding. However, with recent policy trends and a quickly moving startup culture, the energy storage industry will most likely see more activity with new technologies and companies emerging quickly.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115183909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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