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Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Powering Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) 为微机电系统供电的压电能量收集技术
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7534
A. Majeed
{"title":"Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Powering Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)","authors":"A. Majeed","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7534","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in wireless technology and low power electronics such as micro electrome-chanical systems (MEMS), have created a surge of technical innovations in the eld of energy har-vesting. Piezoelectric materials, which operate on vibrations surrounding the system have becomehighly useful in terms of energy harvesting. Piezoelectricity is the ability to transform mechanicalstrain energy, mostly vibrations, to electrical energy, which can be used to power devices. This paperwill focus on energy harvesting by piezoelectricity and how it can be incorporated into various lowpower devices and explain the ability of piezoelectric materials to function as self-charging devicesthat can continuously supply power to a device and will not require any battery for future processes.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132690249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
An Analysis of Current Battery Technology and Electric Vehicles 当前电池技术与电动汽车分析
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7544
R. Sprague
{"title":"An Analysis of Current Battery Technology and Electric Vehicles","authors":"R. Sprague","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7544","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to describe current uses of battery technology for internal combustionengine vehicles and newer hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle alternatives. This paperwill also discuss the benets and challenges to alternative vehicle adoption. As battery technologyand charging infrastructure continue to advance, and drivers become more informed about thesetechnologies, adoption rates for alternative vehicles have the potential to increase dramatically,leading to a dramatic transformation of the auto and petroleum industries.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131114861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Onsite Energy Storage in Today's Market 在今天的市场现场储能
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7533
B. Loeding
{"title":"Onsite Energy Storage in Today's Market","authors":"B. Loeding","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7533","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy has become increasingly more popular over the past decade with growing public interest and new regulations on conventional power generation, such as coal or nuclear. Renewable energy from photovoltaic and wind is a quickly growing market and is supplying more power to the grid every day. The fluctuations from renewable power generations sources make it difficult to utilize all the potential power generated as conventional power is needed to maintain the demand on the grid. To efficiently utilize all the potential generation from these renewable sources, it is necessary to establish a means of storing the energy that is captured to utilize it for future use. These systems can be located across the grid and onsite where the electric is being consumed. Energy storage systems provide wholesale market opportunities plus other benefits such as energy arbitrage, reduced transmission congestion, low local marginal prices, and both voltage and frequency regulation. There are potential value of on-site energy storage devices as a load-management tool for all sectors of the market to reduce costs for individual customers and for the utility.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electricity Deregulation: California and Australia 解除电力管制:加州和澳大利亚
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7543
T. Mlynarski
{"title":"Electricity Deregulation: California and Australia","authors":"T. Mlynarski","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7543","url":null,"abstract":"The twentieth century saw regulation and deregulation of many industries, including transporta-tion, trucking, airline, banking and media. Toward the end of the century, there was an increasedinterest in, and implementation of, liberalizing policies in the energy industry. The U.S. and Aus-tralian deregulation system has been left mainly in the hands of their states1,2, which has led tomany interesting case studies. This paper will focus on two of these case studies, California andAustralia. California's deregulation crisis\" is often cited as an argument against liberalizing energymarkets.3Comparatively, the eastern provinces of Australia integrated into a single deregulatedmarket, demonstrating some early successes and some diculties associated with the deregulationmodel.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128575500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microgrids with Storage 带储能的微电网
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2015-01-15 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7542
T. Nelson
{"title":"Microgrids with Storage","authors":"T. Nelson","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V8I1.7542","url":null,"abstract":"The existing electrical grid infrastructure is aging and based on century old systems and ap-proaches to electrical delivery. Microgrid technology oers many advancements and benets to thefuture of the electrical grid. This paper looks at the inner makings of microgrids and their imple-mentation. This paper examines various storage methods within microgrids, a key benet to theirutilization, as well as a brief look at various microgrid control functions and issues. Regulatoryissues are covered to address the potential wide spread expansion of microgrids and their ability tobe the cornerstone of the electrical grid in the future.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128733675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Percolation Properties of Triangles With Variable Aspect Ratios 变长宽比三角形的渗透特性
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7530
C. G. Correa, A. Feinerman
{"title":"Percolation Properties of Triangles With Variable Aspect Ratios","authors":"C. G. Correa, A. Feinerman","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7530","url":null,"abstract":"Percolation is the study of random networks and their nature of connectivity. An exponential relationship between the percolation threshold and the aspect ratio of a shape is observed within this paper. Matlab simulations and a novel experimental method are utilized to determine the percolation threshold across a conductive sheet as triangles of variable aspect ratios are cut with a Universal Laser System X2-600 100 Watt CO2 laser. Resistance is measured as a voltage of 100mV is applied across the conductive sheet of aluminum coated Mylar film. This data is then analyzed to yield the percolation threshold relating to a triangle with a specified aspect ratio. We establish an equilateral triangle to have an aspect ratio of one.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116861394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tunability and Electrical Properties of Yttria-doped-ceria Films Fabricated via Atomic Layer Deposition 原子层沉积法制备氧化钇掺杂氧化铈薄膜的可调性和电性能
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7529
R. Sparks, G. Jursich, A. Zdunek, J. I. Rossero, C. Takoudis
{"title":"Tunability and Electrical Properties of Yttria-doped-ceria Films Fabricated via Atomic Layer Deposition","authors":"R. Sparks, G. Jursich, A. Zdunek, J. I. Rossero, C. Takoudis","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7529","url":null,"abstract":"Current Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) designs have operating temperatures between 800-1000 °C. Reducing this temperature to 500-600 °C would allow efficient utilization in varied applications. Yttria Doped Ceria (YDC) films show high ionic conductivity when used as fuel cell electrolytes in lower temperature ranges. This investigation shows that stoichiometric tunability of YDC film composition can be achieved through Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Film resistivity at room temperature is measured using a custom four-point probe sensor Film resistance analysis provides a method for evaluating the effect of doping and thickness of the film on desirable SOFC electrolyte characteristics such as high ionic conductivity.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"45 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129634510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Storage Conditions on Ti-6Al-4V Surface Wettability 贮存条件对Ti-6Al-4V表面润湿性的影响
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7527
C. Peixoto, A. Butt, C. Takoudis
{"title":"Effect of Storage Conditions on Ti-6Al-4V Surface Wettability","authors":"C. Peixoto, A. Butt, C. Takoudis","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7527","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between storage conditions and wettability of annealed micro-rough samples was investigated in this study. Micro-roughness (2.45 ± 0.43 μm) was obtained through sandblasting and acid-etching in sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Non-annealed samples (control) and samples annealed at 400 °C and 600 °C were used. In order to investigate the influence of storage conditions on the surface wettability, Ti-6Al-4V disks were 1) wrapped in Kimwipe inside a plastic bag, 2) stored in petri-dishes containing 20 mL deionized water (DI-water) at room temperature, and 3) stored in petri-dishes containing 20 mL cold DI-water (8 ± 2 °C). Surface characterization was conducted using water contact angle (WCA) measurements, white light interferometry (WLI), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Disks immersed in DI-water maintained higher wettability when compared to Kimwipe groups over the course of 34 days regardless of the storage temperature. In addition, samples annealed at 600 °C showed superior wettability due to the rutile nature of the oxide film.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131988810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization for Sustainability of Integrated Ecological-Economic Model System of Planet 地球生态经济综合模式系统的可持续性优化
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7528
M. Schwarz, U. Diwekar
{"title":"Optimization for Sustainability of Integrated Ecological-Economic Model System of Planet","authors":"M. Schwarz, U. Diwekar","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7528","url":null,"abstract":"In order to successfully understand and attempt to increase the sustainability of a system, the dynamic relationship between the many dimensions of sustainability need to be understood. Through the use of mathematical models, future scenarios can be studied which can be used to possibly develop policy guidelines. The model used in this article is an integrated ecological-economic model which incorporates a simplified ecological food web, a macro-economic framework, and a rudimentary legal system. By altering certain constraints within the model, the scenarios of a population explosion and an increase in per capita consumption can be evaluated. Dynamic optimization, specifically discretized non-linear programming, is then used to develop regulatory policies using Fisher Information as a measure of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114746946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spreading of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid using lubrication approximation 使用润滑近似的赫歇尔-巴克利流体扩散
The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago Pub Date : 2014-01-10 DOI: 10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7525
N. Klep, D. D. Pelot, A. Yarin
{"title":"Spreading of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid using lubrication approximation","authors":"N. Klep, D. D. Pelot, A. Yarin","doi":"10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/JUR.V7I1.7525","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the flow of 1.5% Carbopol-940 solution was studied as it was transported through a wedge-like system at different angles, entrance heights, exit heights, and velocities. The high-speed video recordings of the flow were processed by tracking air bubbles entrapped in the solution. This data was used to find the velocity field of the solution beneath the wedge. Also, the force imposed by the solution on the inclined top plate of the wedge was measured. The theoretical description in the framework of the lubrication approximation for Newtonian fluids was used for comparison to the experimental results. It was found that Herschel-Bulkley fluids exhibit qualitatively similar behavior to the Newtonian fluid, such as the reverse flow near the top of the wedge. Overall, this work proves that the lubrication approximation can be effectively used to characterize the flow field of non-Newtonian Herschel-Bulkley fluids at the wedge angles at least up to 20 degrees.","PeriodicalId":426348,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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