Studies in Oriental Sources最新文献

{"title":"Իսավրական Nomos Stratiotikos-ը Կիլիկյան Հայաստանի իրավական համակարգում","authors":"Ազատ Բոզոյան","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-85","url":null,"abstract":"The latest study of the Constitution of the Military and the Book of Law by Mkhitar Gosh along with other monuments of the Armenian Law may enable the Armenologists to make an in depth research of the role the military played in the Medieval Armenian so-ciety picking out all the peculiarities specific of the Armenian military in various countries of the Near East. This paper presents certain issues relating to their social and marital status, property and inheritance, ar-my morals and regulations. The study sheds light on new aspects of our vision of the military and its status in Armenian society. Finally such studies are extremely important for clarifying and investigating their role in the medieval feudal society of Armenia, which I am leaving for the future.","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"19 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analogies et différences codicologiques entre les manuscrits en parchemins Grecs, Slaves et Arméniens","authors":"Axinia Džurova","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-57","url":null,"abstract":"Հոդվածը նախնական փորձ է Բյուզանդիայի և շըրջակա երկրների ձեռագրերի (հունարեն՝ իտալական ծագման, գլագոլիկ, կիրիլյան, հայերեն, վրացերեն, ասորերեն և այլն) հետազոտության, ըստ այնպիսի հատկությունների, ինչպիսիք են պրակների ծալման և հավաքման ձևերն ու բնույթը, տողի և էջերի կազմման տիպերն ու համակարգը, տողվածքի համար արված անցքերի գտնվելու տեղը: Հեղինակը ցույց է տալիս բյուզանդական ձեռագ- րերի ստեղծման եղանակների բազմազանությունը՝ կախված մատյանների արտադրվելու վայրից և ժամանակից, հատկապես նշելով պատկերամարտությանը նախորդող և հետևող դարաշրջանների մատյանների ստեղծման եղանակների տարբերությունը: Բյուզանդիայի շրջակայքում գործող գրքի արհեստանոցները, ըստ հեղինակի դիտարկումների, ընդհանուր առմամբ պահպանում են ձեռագրերի պատրաստման մեթոդները, որոնք կիրառվել են մինչ պատկերամարտություն, և միայն ավելի ուշ ժամանակներում (մոտ Թ - ԺԲ դդ.) հետզհետե և անկանոն կերպով յուրացնում են մայրաքաղաքի գրքարտադրությանը բնորոշ հնարները։","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"211 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Տաթևի, Ս․ Թադեի և Ս․ Ստեփաննոս Նախավկայի վանքերը ԺԹ դարի առաջին կեսին","authors":"Քրիստինե Կոստիկյան","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-220","url":null,"abstract":"From the beginning of Qajar rule in Iran the Armenian monaste-ries of Syunik and Artaz suffered the hardships of the Russo-Persian conflict and wars for the regions of Transcaucasia. The Persian docu-ments of the Matenadaran throw light on some political and economic developments around the monasteries and help elucidate some aspects of Qajar policy as regards the Armenian sanctuaries under their rule. Tatev monastery, located in the territory subject to the khan of Karabagh had passed under the rule of Russian empire after the treaty concluded in Kurakchay in 1805 and then after the fights of the Russo-Persian war of 1804 - 1813 its annexation to Russia was confirmed by the treaty of Gulistan. The monastery served as a refuge of the Russian troops fighting for the region. The monasteries of Artaz remained under the rule of Qajar Iran after the treaty of Turkmenchay concluded in 1828, at the end of the second Russo-Persian war. The Qajar governement supported the mo-nasteries of St. Thaddeus and St. Stepannos, the apostles, and tried to keep away its Armenian followers, the inhabitants of Azerbayjan from migration to the regions passed under the rule of Russia. In spite of these attempts the major portion of the Armenians of Azerbayjan migrated. However, the Qajar powers granted some estates to the monasteries in the villages around them and protected their rights with royal decrees and other documents in order to secure their survival in later Muslim environment.","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"633 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Համազասպ և Սահակ Արծրունի եղբայրների վկայաբանությունը և Հայաստանի դրությունը Ը դարի 70 – 80 – ական թթ.","authors":"Շավարշ Ազատյան","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-22","url":null,"abstract":"В мартирологии братьев Амазасп и Саак Арцруни описываются события, имевшие место во второй половине VIII в. В ряду представленных в нем событий центральное место занимает мученичество князей Арцруни. Одновременно в нем нашли отражение иные события данного исторического отрезка, упомянуты ряд исторических личностей. Сопоставив факты, касающиеся мартирология, приходим к заключению, что труд посвященный Амазаспу и Сааку, был создан спустя более чем столетие после их мученической смерти – в начале X в. По всей вероятности, Гагик Арцруни, являвшийся царем новосозданного Васпураканского царства, желая восславить историю собственного рода, приказал создать горельефы своих предков-мучеников и их мартилогии. Следовательно, автором мартирология был современник Гагика Арцруни, один из представителей васпураканского духовенства. Тем самым должен был быть решен также вопрос возведения часовни в память о братьях Арцруни. В мартирологии имеются сведения и о соседних с Арменией странах, в частности, о Византийской империи и Арабском халифате и об отношениях между ними. Следует отметить, что приведенные данные иногда ошибочны, но тем не менее они показывают, что мартиролог не ограничился лишь повествованием о мученичестве, а попытался рассмотреть вопрос в контексте международных отношений. Наиболее важными являются упоминания об Армении, в частности, о событиях, имевших место в Армении после вспыхнувшего против арабов восстания в 774–775 гг. Арабы пытались держать под контролем армянские княжеские дома, спровоцировать межродовые столкновения, дабы пересечь их усиление, равно как и сближение с Византией. Это привело к формированию двух группировок в роде Арцруни, одна из которых во главе с Амазаспом и Сааком не собиралась идти на уступки. Между тем Меружан Арцруни, воспользовавшись отсутствием старших братьев, пришел к определенному консенсусу с арабами, став их соучастником. Это противоречие нашло отражение на страницах мартирология, где Меружан представлен как герой-отступник, противопоставляемый Амазаспу и Сааку, которые были причислены к лику святых. Таким образом, из политических соперников они стали характерными для агиографии героями – отступником и мучеником. The events that took place in the second half of the 8th c. are described in the pages of the martyrology of brothers Hamazasp and Sahak Artsruni. The central focus of the martyrology is the martyrdom of the Artsruni nakharars. At the same time, other events of the period were reflected, a number of historical figures were mentioned. Comparing the facts about the martyrology, a conclusion is drawn that the composition about Hamazasp and Sahak was created more than a century after their martyrdom, at the beginning of the 10th c. According to all, Gagik Artsruni (908-943), the king of the newly created Kingdom of Vaspurakan, desiring to glorify the history of his own dynasty, ordered the construction of the high-reliefs of martyred ancestors and created their martyrology. Therefore, the author of the ma","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"37 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ոչ ձուկ, ոչ թռչու՞ն. նոր հայացք Կյուրեղ Երուսաղեմացու մեծ պահոց կատեխետիկ ընթերցումների` ավանդաբար Գրիգորիս Արշարունուն վերագրված հայերեն մեկնության վրա","authors":"","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a text published in Constantinople in 1727-28 as a commentary (meknut‘iwn) on St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s catechetical lectures and attributed to Grigoris Aršaruni, a 7th century commentator on the Armenian lectionary. After analyzing in turn the work’s authorship, contents, and scope, together with genre and approach, it is suggested that the piece does not constitute a self-contained, freestanding composition, but rather comprises an integral part of a tōnapatčar collection seeking to elucidate the deeper theological significance of the major events of the liturgical year. The attempt is made to locate it within the development of that genre and it is tentatively suggested that it originated in the monastic academies, which burgeoned across the Armenian Plateau during the 10th-11th centuries.","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"155 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ընկերագիրք-հուշամատյանի ժանրը ԺԶ-ԺԹ դդ. Է. Քեմփֆերի Album amicorum-ի օրինակով","authors":"Լիանա Աղաբեկյան","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-204","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 16th century in a number of German universities, the so-called genealogical books, which were also known as album amicorum-the book of the friendship, are in use. During that period, students and scholars took small notebooks with blank pages with them during their travels, where their friends, acquaintances, or notable people they met along the way left their notes. Taking as an example the German scientist E. Kaempfer's similar work, the structure of album amicorums, the methodology of their formation, the influence of significant historical events of the time on them, as well as the role of friend-books as a reliable source in the coverage of various historical events have been analyzed in the following article.","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Сведения о Кавказе в сочинении «Краткое изображение лежащих между Черным и Каспийским морями земель и народов»","authors":"Гоар Ж. Мхитарян","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-236","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the 18th century, Russian printed sources remained the most vivid and comprehensible form of «necessity» for the study of the territory, peoples and neigh-bouring countries of the Russian Empire. For the study of the ethno-political picture of the Caucasus in the 18th century they are the key. As a rule, these sources are based on confessional considerations and represent the population of the Caucasus as Christians or Muslims. It is often difficult to determine which ethnicity is being referred to. An exception is the work of Y. Я. This work is of a particular interest because it contains informa-tion about the Caucasus and its inhabitants, as well as a general description of the ethno-political history of the Caucasian region. The content of the historical material is the basis for the scientific study of relations between rulers of administrative and political units of Georgia, Dagestan and Eastern Transcaucasia. At the same time there is a lot of information in the source about political influence of Iran and Ottoman Empire on the situation in the region. These data allow us to reconstruct some episodes of military and political history of the Black Sea-Caspian region in the second half of the 18th century.","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"62 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Պարսից միջնադարյան պոեզիան հայ թարգմանական արվեստում","authors":"Արմանուշ Կոզմոյան","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-141","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in Persian poetry in the Armenian milieu began as early as the 13th century. The author of one of the first translations was Frick. For the most part, the translators were native Persian speakers, or translations were made from an intermediary language. For a long time, no attention was paid to academic translations which, as we see in the poetical translations, are sometimes excellent examples. Some-times the subjective approach of the translator compromises the adequacy of the translation. An example of this is Silva Kaputikyan's translation of Hafiz's famous third ghazal, in which (where) the first bayt is missing the image of a handsome Turk. The aesthetic consciousness of S. Kaputikyan is alien to any positivism associated with the image of the Turk. The Turk is replaced by the image of the peri. And the next byte of the same ghazal accurately and literally translates the description of a Turkish burglar, which is fully consistent with Ka-putikyan's perceptions. Интерес к персидской поэзии в армянской среде начал проявляться еще в 13 веке. Автором одного из первых переводов был Фрик. В основном переводчиками были носители персидского языка или же переводы делались с языка-посредника. Долгое время не принимались во внимание академические подстрочники, которые, как видим на примере поэтических переводов, порой представляют собой великолепные образцы. Иногда субъективный подход переводчика нарушает адекватность перевода. Таким примером может служить перевод Сильвы Капутикян знаменитой третьей газели Хафиза, где в первом бейте пропадает образ красавца-турка. Эстетическому сознанию С. Капутикян чужды какие бы то ни было позитивы, связанные с образом турка. Турок заменяется образом пери. А в следующем бейте той же газели точно и буквально переводится описание турка-грабителя, что полностью соответствует представлениям С.Капутикян.","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"28 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Սուրբ Անանիա առաքեալի մատուռը եւ ջրի Հին Աշտարակը Ժան Շարդէնի երեւանեան համայնապատկերում","authors":"Ալեքսան Յակոբեան","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-151","url":null,"abstract":"A careful analysis of the sources shows that the Yerevan fort-ress on the banks of the Hrazdan River was built after the 2nd partition of Armenia between Byzantium and Sassanian Iran in 591. According to the historian Sebios, the new border of these powers passed along Hrazdan, and the information from the 8th century source “ Narratio de rebus Armeniae” also point to a section of the border along the Azat River. It is clear that this part of the border previously separated two cantons (gawars) of the province of Ayrarat: Ostan Hayots (in the south) and Kotayk' (in the north). According to geology, the ancient channel of the Getar, the left tributary of the Hrazdan, passed through the center of modern Yerevan, flowing into the Hrazdan at the site of the Victory Bridge, and it was along this channel that the border of Ostan Hayots with Kotayk' passed, which became the border of Byzantium with Iran. During the 1st and 2nd partitions of Armenia, these powers built many fortresses against each other (Dara – Nisibin, Kitarizon – Afum, Kaytson – Kayean, etc.). It is not surprising that in 591, King Khosrow II Sassanid ordered the construction of an impressive Yerevan fortress south of the mouth of the Getar River, and on its northern bank, on the hill of the town of Kozern (Kond), the Byzantines built their fortress. The territory of the Iranian fortress on the bank of Hrazdan was part of the communal lands of the city of Erebuni-Yerevan (with the Urartian fortress at a distance of 4 km), so its name was transferred to the new fortress, and its population was organizedly resettled closer to the fortress, to the bank of Getar. The fortress of Kozern in 610 was destroyed by the army of Khosrow Sassanid (his Armenian regiment was commanded by the marzban of Hyrkania Smbat Bagratuni), who defeated Emperor Heraclius. Apparently, the stone foundations of the fortress walls and the water tower, which the French author Jean Chardin described as “antique” on the eve of its destruction during the earthquake of 1679, have been preserved from it. After the Sassanid victory, the territory of Kozern became part of the city of Yerevan with its center already on the banks of the Getar (but this river itself was diverted from the center towards Aygestan for irrigation purposes and brought to the bed of the Djrvezh River). Among the sights of Yerevan, J. Chardin also described the residence of the bishop, the church of Erkueresni (Deux visages, literally – “Two-faced”, “Two-sided”), which can be surely identified with a three-story chapel with the relics of the Apostle Ananias next to the church of Zoravor Astuatsatsin (Holy Mother of God). Внимательный анализ источников показывает, что Ереванская крепость на берегу реки hРаздан была построена после 2-го раздела Армении между Византией и Сасанидским Ираном в 591г. По словам историка Себиоса, новая граница этих держав проходила по hРаздану, а сведения источника 8-го века “Narratio de rebus Armeniae” указывают также и на ","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"36 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Генезис «золотого века» исламской литературы","authors":"Арсен Шагинян","doi":"10.56549/29537819-2023.4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56549/29537819-2023.4-4","url":null,"abstract":"Ժողովածոյի ներկա հատորում իրենց հոդվածներն են հրապարակել Հայաստանի արտասահմանի մի շարք արեվելագետներ: Ընդգրկված հոդվածները հրապարակված են պարունակած նյութերի ժամանակագրական հերթականությամբ և հեղինակների նախընտրած լեզվով (հայերեն, անգլերեն, ֆրանսերեն, գերմաներեն ռուսերեն)։ Ընթերցողն այստեղ կգտնի հրապարակումներ, որոնք վերաբերում են հայագիտության, արաբագիտության, բյուզանդագիտության, կովկասագիտության, իրանագիտության և թյուրքագիտության բնագավառներին։ Հրատարակվում է արևելագետների, հայագետների և ընթերցող լայն շրջանների համար։","PeriodicalId":425618,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Oriental Sources","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135085661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}