Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies最新文献_第6页

Men Is Cheap: Exposing the Frauds of Free Labor in Civil War America 《男人是廉价的:揭露美国内战中自由劳动力的欺诈》

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Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0136

James Kopaczewski

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Stan Hochman, Unfiltered: 50 Years of Wit and Wisdom from the Groundbreaking Sportswriter Stan Hochman，《未经过滤:开创性体育记者50年的机智与智慧》

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Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0131

Denis M. Crawford

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Launching the 90 for 90 Campaign, October 14, 2022 2022年10月14日，启动90 for 90活动

Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0513

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From Wasteland to Wild Area: How Local Activism Opened a New Frontier in Environmental and Governmental Reform 从荒原到荒野:地方行动主义如何开启环境与政府改革的新前沿

Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0586

Zachary Gardiner

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A Republic in the Ranks: Loyalty and Dissent in the Army of the Potomac 等级中的共和国:波托马克河军队中的忠诚与异议

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Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0128

Henry N. Buehner

{"title":"A Republic in the Ranks: Loyalty and Dissent in the Army of the Potomac","authors":"Henry N. Buehner","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0128","url":null,"abstract":"In The Life of Billy Yank (1952), Bell Irvin Wiley concluded that patriotism, coupled with a devotion to the Union, sustained Northern soldiers. Politically aware and ideologically driven, Union troops vehemently disagreed about the execution of the war. Political discord within the armies has garnered much scholarly interest in recent years, though it is often through the perspective of the high command. In A Republic in the Ranks: Loyalty and Dissent in the Army of the Potomac, Zachery A. Fry shifts the locus of inquiry and seeks to understand “the deep divisions over the war’s conduct among junior officers and enlisted men” (p. 1). He cogently argues that the Civil War created a political awakening for common soldiers. Educated and prompted by junior officers, the army’s political neophytes became schooled in Democratic or Republican ideology. In the end, the Republican camp won out as witnessed especially in loyalty to the Lincoln administration and participation in the public sphere of opinion. Carefully argued and trenchantly researched, A Republic in the Ranks is a highly readable and historiographically significant work on the Union army’s political life as viewed from the ground. Composed of six chapters with an extended introduction, Fry’s book is framed chronologically around a series of political crises in the Army of the Potomac. While giving essential context through concise discussions of the war’s military dimensions, Fry dwells on the months between campaigns to explore the army’s shifting political culture. In the war’s first year, many soldiers believed George B. McClellan and Fitz John Porter “represented the army’s greatest bulwark against radicalism and civilian interference” (p. 67). By mid1863, though, junior officers, primed for emancipation, skillfully turned soldiers against Democrats who they portrayed as antiwar partisans threatening to undo the army’s hard-fought gains. It was also during this period that news sources changed—one of the book’s","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81100209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Peace in the Mountains: Northern Appalachian Students Protest the Vietnam War 和平在山区:阿巴拉契亚北部的学生抗议越南战争

Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0630

Robert Cohen

{"title":"Peace in the Mountains: Northern Appalachian Students Protest the Vietnam War","authors":"Robert Cohen","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0630","url":null,"abstract":"Speaking in the wake of the US invasion of Cambodia and the killing of four Kent State students at an antiwar protest in May 1970, historian Leo Marx told an Amherst campus convocation, “You are part of the largest, most comprehensive and militant act by American students . . . in the history of the Republic.” Marx was not exaggerating. The Cambodia and Kent State tragedies generated the most widespread campus protests ever seen in the US, involving millions of students on more than half of the nation’s colleges and universities. Though most of the protesters were nonviolent, some thirty ROTC buildings were burned or bombed that first week of May, and the demonstrations were sufficiently disruptive to convince 135 colleges and universities to close, leading Americans to tell Gallup pollsters they regarded student unrest as the nation’s number one problem.The scale of student protest in the Long 1960s was so immense that no historian has taken on the task of writing a comprehensive national history of it, and so to this day when I teach the student movement’s history, for the national picture I still find the best sources on campus protest are journalist Kirkpatrick Sale’s chronicle SDS (1973) and the Carnegie Commission’s report May 1970: The Campus Aftermath of Cambodia and Kent State (1971). If historians are ever to produce a nationwide history of student protest and the antiwar movement on campus, we are going to need campus case studies that take us beyond the famed hotbeds of student activism—Berkeley, Columbia, the University of Wisconsin—to probe the rise and fall of such activism from coast to coast. Fortunately, during the past three decades historians have been publishing case studies of the antiwar movement on individual campuses, adding to our understanding of the movement’s grassroots activists in the Midwest, South, and Southwest. Thomas Weyant contributes to this regional diversity in his new account of student protest and the antiwar movement of the Vietnam era in northern Appalachia. He offers an informative history of the peace movement at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), West Virginia University (WVU), and Ohio University (OU), campuses that previously had been neglected by historians.Weyant’s study shows that by the mid-1960s Pitt, OU, and WVU all had vibrant antiwar movements. Protests against the Vietnam War, ROTC, and other military-related agencies surged on all these campuses as the war escalated. Peace in the Mountains draws on impressive research in student newspapers and campus administration files of these three campuses to narrate the dramatic stories of these protests and the opposition they faced from conservative students, university officials, and state legislatures.But the study is less successful in contextualizing the history of these antiwar protests. This is partially a problem with the author’s research strategy. Peace in the Mountains was written without the benefit of oral history interviews with mov","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Arlen Specter: Scandals, Conspiracies, and Crisis in Focus 阿伦·斯佩克特:丑闻、阴谋和危机聚焦

Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0645

Richard P. Mulcahy

{"title":"Arlen Specter: Scandals, Conspiracies, and Crisis in Focus","authors":"Richard P. Mulcahy","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0645","url":null,"abstract":"Arlen Specter was an enigma in many ways, a Democrat who switched parties only to become a Democrat once again, he spent the majority of his adult life in public service and has the distinction of having been Pennsylvania’s longest serving senator. With this, while he supported President Reagan, Specter was part of the Republican party’s now extinct liberal wing. Always controversial, be it his opposition to Robert Bork’s Supreme Court nomination, propounding the single bullet theory in the Kennedy assassination case, pursuing his own foreign policy agenda, or his return to the Democratic party late in his career, Specter moved according to his own compass. He is now the subject of a new biography by Evan Edward Laine, entitled Arlen Specter: Scandals, Conspiracies, and Crisis in Focus.Unlike other biographical works, where the narrative is linear, covering the subject’s life from beginning to death, this book begins in medias res, with Specter already a United States senator. It does not cover his childhood, nor does it delve into any incidents that may have impacted his character. About the only thing the author covers that can be considered formative deals with an incident early in Specter’s Philadelphia legal career and is given in the context of his support for gay rights. Essentially Philadelphia’s local magistrates were shaking down people accused of violating anti-sodomy laws, while the city’s Democratic political organization, fully aware of what was happening, looked the other way. Disgusted with this corruption, Specter changed his registration to Republican and successfully worked to reform the city’s criminal justice system.This, however, comes late in Laine’s treatment. Where the book begins is with the Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings. With regard to Bork, the ethos of a European-style party discipline was already emerging within the Republican Party by 1987 and the Senate’s Republican caucus was expected to fall in line behind President Reagan and support Bork’s nomination. Specter, however, disagreed and moved in the opposite direction. Bork already had baggage from the Watergate era when, as Solicitor General of the United States, he fired special prosecutor Archibald Cox on President Nixon’s orders during the infamous Saturday Night Massacre. Moreover, while Bork’s views were extremely conservative, Spector thought the nominee was disingenuous in his confirmation testimony by coming down on both sides of any given issue. Thus, Specter voted to reject Bork’s nomination. The blowback Specter received was considerable and may account for his more cooperative attitude when Thomas was nominated by President George H. W. Bush a few years later.What comes across in the narrative is the belief that Specter had a profound influence on policy and politics throughout his public career. The areas in which Specter made a difference range from his support for Obamacare, to his work on the Iran-Contra scandal, to the Midd","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Remaking the Republic: Black Politics and the Creation of American Citizenship 重塑共和国:黑人政治与美国公民身份的创造

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Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0145

Patrick Rael

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History and Approaches to Heritage Studies, Pedagogy and Practice in Heritage Studies 遗产研究的历史与方法，遗产研究的教学法与实践

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Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0119

G. Everett, W. Chadwick, Lara Homsey-Messer

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Pittsburgh and The Urban League Movement: A Century of Social Service and Activism 匹兹堡和城市联盟运动:一个世纪的社会服务和行动主义

Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0627

Anthony Todd Carlisle

{"title":"Pittsburgh and The Urban League Movement: A Century of Social Service and Activism","authors":"Anthony Todd Carlisle","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0627","url":null,"abstract":"Joe William Trotter Jr.’s book Pittsburgh and The Urban League Movement takes a comprehensive look, spanning one hundred years, at this national organization’s work and development in Pittsburgh and surrounding communities. Trotter divides the book into three manageable sections: Part I: Founding and Early History; Part II: The Depression and World War II; and Part III: The Modern Black Freedom Movement and Beyond. In his treatment of the Pittsburgh Urban League, Trotter attempts to put to rest the longstanding debate concerning the loyalties of the organization. Has the organization acted as an advocate for Black middle-class professionals, or has it looked out for the interest of the Black lower-class masses in the fight against racial injustices? To put it more succinctly, has the organization been more Booker T. (as in Washington) or W. E. B. (as in Du Bois)? Although Trotter provides examples of both with Washington’s focus on work and training and Du Bois’s focus on civil rights, the author seems to fall on the side of Du Bois, making the argument that the social organization, specifically the Pittsburgh branch, has always been in the equality fight for African Americans.In stature, one can argue the National Urban League, founded in 1910, has taken a backseat to the NAACP, the premier civil rights organization, founded the previous year. Much of that could be the result of how the Urban League historically has been perceived by some—an organization more focused on the economic uplift of professional African Americans as opposed to one engaged in social activities to meet the moment. Trotter raises these concerns and ultimately spends much of the book disabusing those notions, using the Pittsburgh branch. He writes, “the Urban League of Pittsburgh consistently merged social science research and professional social services with grassroots social justice, workers’ rights, civil rights, and black power struggles” (5).The book’s first section examines the founding of the Pittsburgh branch and how it tackled such issues as housing, labor, health, race relations, and politics. For historians, this early section is a gold mine. Trotter, in a painstaking way, provides extensive details of the organization’s start in Pittsburgh to include the background of early leaders, a discussion of the national organization’s expansion, a look at its help with migrants from the South, the recruitment of black workers for jobs, and meetings with a list of industry heads such as W. G. Marshall, personnel director at the Philadelphia Company, and L. H. Burnett, vice president of Carnegie Steel Company. Underscoring this onslaught of details is Trotter’s thesis that the organization was as actively engaged in civil rights as it was in securing economic opportunities for African Americans. Trotter reinforces his position near the end of the section with an anecdote about the Pittsburgh branch requesting a meeting with black nationalist Marcus Garvey, whose base and","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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