Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies最新文献

{"title":"Pittsburgh and The Urban League Movement: A Century of Social Service and Activism","authors":"Anthony Todd Carlisle","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0627","url":null,"abstract":"Joe William Trotter Jr.’s book Pittsburgh and The Urban League Movement takes a comprehensive look, spanning one hundred years, at this national organization’s work and development in Pittsburgh and surrounding communities. Trotter divides the book into three manageable sections: Part I: Founding and Early History; Part II: The Depression and World War II; and Part III: The Modern Black Freedom Movement and Beyond. In his treatment of the Pittsburgh Urban League, Trotter attempts to put to rest the longstanding debate concerning the loyalties of the organization. Has the organization acted as an advocate for Black middle-class professionals, or has it looked out for the interest of the Black lower-class masses in the fight against racial injustices? To put it more succinctly, has the organization been more Booker T. (as in Washington) or W. E. B. (as in Du Bois)? Although Trotter provides examples of both with Washington’s focus on work and training and Du Bois’s focus on civil rights, the author seems to fall on the side of Du Bois, making the argument that the social organization, specifically the Pittsburgh branch, has always been in the equality fight for African Americans.In stature, one can argue the National Urban League, founded in 1910, has taken a backseat to the NAACP, the premier civil rights organization, founded the previous year. Much of that could be the result of how the Urban League historically has been perceived by some—an organization more focused on the economic uplift of professional African Americans as opposed to one engaged in social activities to meet the moment. Trotter raises these concerns and ultimately spends much of the book disabusing those notions, using the Pittsburgh branch. He writes, “the Urban League of Pittsburgh consistently merged social science research and professional social services with grassroots social justice, workers’ rights, civil rights, and black power struggles” (5).The book’s first section examines the founding of the Pittsburgh branch and how it tackled such issues as housing, labor, health, race relations, and politics. For historians, this early section is a gold mine. Trotter, in a painstaking way, provides extensive details of the organization’s start in Pittsburgh to include the background of early leaders, a discussion of the national organization’s expansion, a look at its help with migrants from the South, the recruitment of black workers for jobs, and meetings with a list of industry heads such as W. G. Marshall, personnel director at the Philadelphia Company, and L. H. Burnett, vice president of Carnegie Steel Company. Underscoring this onslaught of details is Trotter’s thesis that the organization was as actively engaged in civil rights as it was in securing economic opportunities for African Americans. Trotter reinforces his position near the end of the section with an anecdote about the Pittsburgh branch requesting a meeting with black nationalist Marcus Garvey, whose base and","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Hark ye, Sweet Liberty Boys\": David Bruce, Western Pennsylvania's Federalist Frontier Poet","authors":"Peter E. Gilmore","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0552","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The poetry of Western Pennsylvanian David Bruce in the 1790s offers a unique perspective on the politics of a turbulent decade in a region emerging from frontier conditions. His advocacy of Federalist politics enjoyed vibrant coloration as verse composed in Scots. His choice of language expressed his own background as a recent Scottish immigrant while allowing him to pose as \"the Scots-Irishman.\" A project that began as an act of political ventriloquism became admonition, reproachment, and condemnation as Bruce used his poetic skill to criticize and ridicule frontier democrats who actually were Irish of Scots cultural legacy. His poetry both gives voice to the concerns of a Federalist shopkeeper and offers pen-portraits of leading \"Irish Jacobins\" (as Bruce would have seen them) in Washington County and their views in the years between the Whiskey Rebellion and the Democratic-Republic triumph in 1800.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"552 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84379931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Destiny in the Minds of Philadelphia Sailmaker James Forten and Liberian Governor Jehudi Ashmun","authors":"Ian Gutgold","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0580","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines the divergent responses of Philadelphia sailmaker James Forten (1766–1842) and Liberian governor Jehudi Ashmun (1794–1828) to the question of the destiny of African-descended people in the United States. Forten, a leader in the African American community, came to oppose the American Colonization Society's plans to promote Black emigration to Liberia. Ashmun, a White teacher and editor from New York state, played a significant role in establishing the colony. Although the two men never met, they led intertwined lives and stood enmeshed in rival transatlantic communication networks transmitting information about conditions in the young settlement. Central to understanding their opposing positions on the possibility and desirability of a biracial society are their contrasting conceptions of the \"degraded state\" of African Americans.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"160 5 1","pages":"580 - 621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83266740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Standard of Living in Jacksonian-Era Rural Pennsylvania: On the Struggles of the Working Poor","authors":"Michael Mccoy","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0497","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Focusing on Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, this article considers the standard of living among 408 rural laboring men and their families, asking three questions: what were the costs of a typical household budget; did households earn enough to meet their needs; and did they achieve a minimal level of material comfort? The article answers these questions through two means: (1) it constructs a household budget and tests the degree to which households could afford the necessities; and (2) it measures the material conditions of working men and families by constructing an index of basic household goods against which to compare the personal possessions of the working poor. Together, these measures suggest that the region's working poor struggled to achieve and maintain an often-austere standard of living. This examination sheds light on the conditions of the rural working class in the Age of Jackson.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"497 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84826786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workers on Arrival: Black Labor in the Making of America by Joe William Trotter Jr (review)","authors":"J. Wolfinger","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"679 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80888333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation and Place: Historic Preservation by and of LGBTQ Communities in the United States ed. by Katherine Crawford-Lackey and Megan E. Springate (review)","authors":"C. Kegerise","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"684 - 686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74876481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Dr. Dianne Ashton","authors":"Ellen Miller","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"648 - 648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81170712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undertaking Pittsburgh: The Makings of the Casket Industry in the Steel City, 1865–1910","authors":"S. Yee","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0622","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:For more than a century, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has enjoyed the well-deserved reputation for its leading role in US steel production as well as iron, glass, and coal mining. The names Carnegie, Frick, and Westinghouse still resonate in the public imagination and in popular and academic writing. Less well known are businesses that either did not carry long-term name recognition or eventually moved out of the Pittsburgh area yet were important materially and culturally at particular historical moments. One example is the casket industry. The idea of consolidating large casket-manufacturing firms into a single corporate entity originated in Pittsburgh. This article explores the central role the Steel City played in the modernization of the funeral industry between 1865 and 1910, the formative years of the move toward corporatization.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"622 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77847950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realities of Life in an Institution: Dispelling Misconceptions of Disability","authors":"Mary B. Schreiner","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.3.0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.3.0429","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Pennsylvania citizens who were residents of Pennhurst, a state institution opened in 1908 for the “feeble-minded” of society, had unique life experiences. These experiences might seem ordinary but are extraordinary until one considers the setting in which they occurred or when one grasps the profound meaning of what happened there. Interviews with survivors of life in this institution, along with close examination of available archival records about others who lived at Pennhurst, yielded stories and memories that unveiled surprising realities about people with disabilities, both yesterday and today.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"429 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88523045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents, Superintendents, and Lawmakers in the Creation of Institutions for the Feeble-Minded, 1876–1916","authors":"Katrina N. Jirik","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.89.3.0412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.3.0412","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The time span between 1876 and 1916 was important in establishing America’s institutions for the feeble-minded. The public rhetoric of the institutional superintendents advocated eugenic principles in determining admission to an institution. The views of parents, legislators, and concerned others is a neglected, yet important, perspective. While superintendents had some influence over who was accepted into the institution, they were not in control of the pool of applicants from which admission decisions were made. This work focuses on, but is not exclusively about, New Jersey. Parents who were unable to pay the costs had to supply reasons for applying for warrants to have the New Jersey state government pay the fees. In addition, at least until 1916, even superintendents, when determining admissions, based many of their decisions on multiple considerations (not just the eugenic ones that were prominent in their public rhetoric). The institutional records are valuable resources for gaining a more nuanced understanding of the rise of centers for the feeble-minded.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"412 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76033418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}