Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies最新文献

{"title":"Reflections on Pennsylvania History and the Pennsylvania Historical Association","authors":"By Loyal Fans Everywhere","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Members of the Pennsylvania Historical Association offer their thoughts on the Association and its journal, Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Material Culture of Pennsylvania’s African American Cemeteries and Burial Grounds","authors":"Steven Burg","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0542","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Pennsylvania's historic African American cemeteries share common physical characteristics with Black cemeteries found in other regions of the United States. However, the Commonwealth's unique history, culture, and geography have influenced these sites' material culture and shaped them into unique landscapes with distinctive features. This article begins by examining the historical forces that contributed to the creation of more than 150 separate burial grounds across the state. It then considers five characteristics that together make Pennsylvania's African American cemeteries distinctive. These include: (1) the cemeteries' open spaces and significant number of unmarked graves; (2) grave marking traditions; (3) the presence of Pennsylvania state-issued veteran grave markers; (4) the existence of church buildings and ruins, and (5) the scars of indifference and racism that led to the abuse or destruction of many historic Black burial grounds. Collectively, these elements shaped Pennsylvania's unique African American funerary landscape.","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upon the Altar of Work: Child Labor and the Rise of a New American Sectionalism","authors":"Charles L. Lumpkins","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0639","url":null,"abstract":"Betsy Wood (History, Hudson County Community College) contributes to the historiography of child labor reform in America, showing the ways reformers responded to shifts in North–South sectional ideological, political, social, and moral disputes of free labor versus unfree labor in an expanding, maturing industrial capitalist society from the 1850s to the 1930s. Stating interest “in what debates about child labor over time would reveal about the legacy of sectionalist conflict within an emerging capitalist society,” Wood adds an understanding of the hostile battles over child labor (2). She argues “that debates about children and their labor brought to the fore opposing visions of labor, freedom, morality, and the market in the modern industrial age. . . . [when] both sides were attempting to negotiate, materially and spiritually, the changes wrought by capitalism” (6). Wood penned five chapters on the history of the child labor reform movement that illustrates Americans struggling over child labor in relation to notions of freedom and unfreedom and the role of the state and capitalism.Chapter 1 features the Children’s Aid Society (CAS) as a major force for child labor reform in the 1850s. CAS praised the superiority of Northern values of free labor republicanism as key to individuals lifting themselves out of poverty and exercising personal independence while vilifying Southern defense of slavery for perpetuating moral depravity, dependency, and lack of individual initiative and responsibility. The CAS fostered free labor republicanism by placing vagrant urban children—boys from petty crime and girls from prostitution—with Midwestern (Michigan, Illinois, etc.) farming families where boys learned the value and dignity of work as future independent skilled tradesmen and girls acquired “domestic skills and thereby become ‘useful members of society’ as future wives and mothers” (18).Highlighted in chapter 2, in the several decades after the Civil War, CAS and other child labor reform advocates adjusted their notions of free labor republicanism in response to substantive challenges and transformations caused by industrialization, urbanization, and mass immigration. Some reformers worried about ex-slaveholders coercing ex-slave children into apprenticeship programs that black Southerners vehemently denounced as slavery by another name. Others shuddered at the expanding numbers of white native-born and European immigrant children toiling in factories and other worksites, and at seeing the Italian immigrants’ padrone children system as a “new form of child slavery” (33). Reformers generally agreed the pivotal problem was who had authority over child labor, not the organization and conditions of work because they believed free labor benefited children.North-South sectionalism that divided child labor reformers is the topic of chapter 3. Sectionalism disrupted child labor reform as industrialization and the factory system absorbed increasing numbers of whi","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirteen Clocks: How Race United the Colonies and Made the Declaration of Independence","authors":"Evan Turiano","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0647","url":null,"abstract":"Robert G. Parkinson describes his sophomore effort as “sort of” an abridgment of his influential 2016 monograph The Common Cause: Creating Race and Nation in the American Revolution (vii). Indeed, Thirteen Clocks: How Race United the Colonies and Made the Declaration of Independence offers students a concise, readable entry into the main arguments and takeaways from Parkinson’s 700-page debut. However, by reconsidering The Common Cause’s themes in a new chronology, Parkinson also makes a fresh contribution to the field. Homing in on the fifteen months between the “shot heard ’round the world” and the signing of the Declaration of Independence, this book shows that, yes, ideas united the North American British colonies at that critical juncture. But those ideas, Parkinson argues, were not enlightened notions of liberty and republicanism but instead were about the exclusion of Indigenous and Black people. In the wake of the fighting at Lexington and Concord, patriot leaders used newspapers to propagate stories of British alliances with enslaved people and Native Americans to unite colonists and “hammer home the idea that the British were treacherous and dangerous enemies” (2).A key premise of Thirteen Clocks is that nothing was particularly foreordained about intercolonial unity in the years and months leading up to the Declaration of Independence. The divisions that cut through the colonies were numerous. No camaraderie existed between easterners and backcountry localists, Quakers and the descendants of Puritans, “Regulators” and elites, enslavers and a growing but “largely inconsequential” cadre of antislavery dissidents, and, of course, patriots and the persistent bloc of colonists who supported the crown (52). Where historians have identified economic and cultural continuities across British North America in recent decades, Parkinson carefully demonstrates that the perception of difference among colonists remained present and powerful.1 The author does not deny that patriot leaders had some success papering over these divisions with appeals to heady Enlightenment values. But those sorts of arguments—which held purchase in the 1760s and early 1770s—rang hollow when the gun smoke settled after the Lexington and Concord. Fearful stories of British-fomented slave rebellions and Native American raiders, Parkinson explains, represented a site of consensus for colonists and helped sever dearly held feelings of British national identity.Parkinson sets out to show that these racist, exclusionary ideas did not just float organically through the colonies, but instead were the product of an intentional, carefully calculated patriot messaging campaign. A great service of this book is showing students and specialists exactly how that operation worked. Parkinson has mastered the confusing, intersected world of colonial newspapers, which included four competing titles all named Virginia Gazette and no fewer than eight different Pennsylvania organs. Parkinson p","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional Hockey in Philadelphia","authors":"Michael Karpyn","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0633","url":null,"abstract":"Philadelphia is a passionate sports city, and its deep roots in professional football, baseball, and basketball are well known and long established. When it comes to Philadelphia and professional ice hockey, the story is a little more complex. The conventional wisdom holds that the city was a barren hockey wasteland until the arrival of the National Hockey League’s (NHL) Philadelphia Flyers in 1967. The meteoric rise of the Flyers from expansion lightweights to Stanley Cup champions in a mere seven years transformed this hockey wasteland into a hockey hotbed, with fan support on the level of the other three major sports.Alan Bass argues convincingly in Professional Ice Hockey in Philadelphia that the true story of the relationship between the city and the sport is far more complex and long reaching than this conventional wisdom believes. Reaching as far back as the turn of the twentieth century, Bass details Philadelphia’s various forays and flirtations with the sport, uncovering some occasional successes and hints of promise but mostly failures, some on a historically epic scale.From the outset, the author makes an interesting choice with the organization of the book. Instead of a chronological, decade by decade approach, he instead focuses each chapter of the book on each Philadelphia professional hockey franchise in order of their founding, starting with the Quaker City Hockey Club of 1900–1901 and ending with the minor league Philadelphia Phantoms of 1996–2009. Bass concedes that this organizational approach does create some chronological overlaps between the chapters, but it also allows for each of the city’s various major and minor league franchises to stand alone and tell their own unique stories. I fully agree; Bass has clearly undertaken considerable research, and his exhaustive mining of the available primary sources on Philadelphia’s different professional hockey franchises produces a rich and cohesive tale, full of interesting and colorful characters from all eras of Philadelphia’s hockey history.All of the chapters have their own strengths and bring life to the numerous black and white photos, newspaper headlines, and memorabilia found throughout the book. Chapter 3, for example, highlights the short-lived Philadelphia Quakers, the city’s first attempt at an NHL franchise in 1930. Despite the initial promise and the ample hype generated by its owner, a larger than life retired professional boxer, the Quakers that hit the ice were an unmitigated disaster. They took three games to score their first goal and nearly a month to notch their first win. The always-demanding fans of Philadelphia quickly lost interest, especially when the more successful minor league Philadelphia Arrows (chapter 2) were playing in the same arena but with lower ticket prices. When the 1930–31 season mercifully concluded, the Quakers had won four games, tied four games, and lost a staggering 34—a winning percentage of .131 that would remain an inglorious NHL rec","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing Politics with Natural Disaster: Hurricane Agnes, the 1972 Election, and the Origins of FEMA","authors":"Megan C. McGee Yinger","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77119548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassroots Leviathan: Agricultural Reform and the Rural North in the Slaveholding Republic","authors":"Camden Burd","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0624","url":null,"abstract":"In Grassroots Leviathan: Agricultural Reform and the Rural North in the Slaveholding Republic, author Ariel Ron reexamines the rise of the Republican Party in the 1850s by turning his scholarly attention to the agricultural communities of the North. It is there, Ron argues, that historians can better understand the Republican Party coalition and its ability to surpass the entrenched powers that made up the slaveholding republic in the decades that predated the Civil War.Ron argues that too much historiographical weight has been given to the “free labor” ideology—a political philosophy that has placed far more significance on the concerns of industrial workers over those of the agriculturists. Such arguments might make sense a few decades later in the midst of the Gilded Age but not in the 1850s. Afterall, the American population in the antebellum era was overwhelming rural and decidedly agricultural. Grassroots Leviathan outlines how agriculturists in the rural north shaped the political landscape of the 1850s through—of all things—agricultural reform movements. Ron states, “This book shifts attention from industrialization to agricultural development. It shows how northern, middle-class farmers and rural businessmen built an enormous agricultural reform movement, keyed to the slogan of ‘scientific agriculture,’ that they used to institutionalize their presence in a reimagined state apparatus” (5). Look to northern farms, Ron argues, that is where historians can best understand the rapid rise of the Republican Party as well as the foundational legislation that defines the Civil War–era party.The agricultural reform movement of the 1850s may seem like an unlikely place to track political developments at first glance. Farmers formed societies, they subscribed to agricultural journals, and began meeting at state and local conventions. Though these may not seem like explicitly political acts, the collective power of these novel and organizational actions bound rural northerners together to form what Ron identifies as nonpartisan anti-politics. Ron writes, “Agricultural reformers insisted that farmers had a uniquely legitimate claim on the collective resources of the republic but shunned the partisan arena that contemporaries equated with politics itself” (7). Rarely did these societies, presses, or conventions endorse specific parties or candidates; however, the collective message across the venues provided agriculturalists a clear vision of their role in the republic. As the 1850s progressed, agriculturists in the rural north expressed a clear political imperative that ultimately pressed the Republican Party, and the federal government, to enact particular policies that embodied the reforming impulses of the preceding decade. The influence of these nonpartisan anti-politics can best be seen with the passage of the first, major federal policies enacted during the Civil War—the creation of the United States Department of Agriculture and the passage of","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homestead Steel Mill: The Final Ten Years—USWA Local 1397 and the Fight for Union Democracy","authors":"Emiliano Aguilar","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fabric of Empire: Material and Literary Cultures of the Global Atlantic, 1650–1850","authors":"Thomas G. Lannon","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.4.0636","url":null,"abstract":"Danielle C. Skeehan’s The Fabric of Empire is an important contribution to the field of literary studies that combines emerging currents from material culture studies and book history to analyze and examine lesser-known artifacts and sources held in antiquarian and historical societies, museums, and library collections. As a title in the important series Studies in Early American Economy and Society from the Library Company of Philadelphia, edited by Cathy Matson, Skeehan opens new avenues for the interdisciplinary study of text and textile production across two centuries of global capitalism. These sources, often on cotton and silk, lie beyond the availability and classification of printed texts and remain outside the reach of traditional library catalogs and databases. Skeehan incorporates a range of theoretical frameworks into the book’s three major sections to view texts and textiles created and consumed within early Atlantic communities, including African Americans, Native populations, servants and women laborers, and other less visible historical actors and agents whose lived experience are not always evident in available print sources.In establishing textiles as a technology of record, Skeehan ascribes her research with the meaningful possibility of upending the history of the book in America. To understand this challenge, it may help if the reader is aware of advances in the field since the multivolume A History of the Book in America, edited by David D. Hall, published 2000–2010 by the University of North Carolina Press. This previous history of the book included topics on book selling, printing, publishing, reading, and other aspects of print culture. However, gender, race, and archival theory were often missing as evaluative lenses through which bibliography and the study of print could progress.1 Skeehan succeeds in bridging disciplines to inform her version of the history of the book with syntheses drawn out of new global histories and material culture studies. Textiles created via forms of resistance by women, native populations, and enslaved persons appear as material texts. There are interesting and informative passages on the production and sale of textiles ranging from guinea cloth, a British textile produced for export, to fine cottons and silks upon which popular narratives were printed. The American consumption of Chinese commodities is explained alongside a reading of how indigenous material culture in Peru reflected the colonization process. Positioning the research into the global manufacture and commerce in textiles ultimately allows for deeper historical rendering of the feminization of New World colonial spaces including British cities, New World frontiers, and the American interior.Developments in textual studies presented in The Fabric of Empire will allow historians and literary scholars to contend with a rich and complex conception of textuality beyond print sources. This also addresses the need to view texts and te","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Against Sex: Identities of Sexual Restraint in Early America","authors":"J. Lindman","doi":"10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.3.0506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42553,"journal":{"name":"Pennsylvania History-A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90465780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}