Central Asian Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"TRACK Implementation: a Bangladesh Scenario.","authors":"Abdul Kader Mohiuddin","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), biological risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, are a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Optimization of diabetes management by positive lifestyle changes is urgently required for prevention of comorbidities and complications, which in turn will reduce the cost. Diabetes had 2 times more days of inpatient treatment, 1.3 times more outpatient visits, and nearly 10 times more medications than non-diabetes patients, as reported by British Medical Journal. And surprisingly, 80% of people with this so called \"Rich Man's Disease\" live in low- and middle-income countries. According to a recent study of American Medical Association, China and India collectively are home of nearly 110 million diabetic patients. The prevalence of diabetes in this region is projected to increase by 71% by 2035. Bangladesh was ranked as the 8th highest diabetic populous country in the time period of 2010-2011. In Bangladesh, the estimated prevalence of diabetes among adults was 9.7% in 2011 and the number is projected to be 13.7 million by 2045. The cost of diabetes care is considerably high in Bangladesh, and it is primarily driven by the medicine and hospitalization costs. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 the annual average cost per T2DM was $864.7, which is 52% of per capita GDP of Bangladesh and 9.8 times higher than the general health care cost. Medicine is the highest source of direct cost (around 85%) for patients without hospitalization. The private and public financing of diabetes treatment will be severely constrained in near future, representing a health threat for the Bangladeshi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38596092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Emergence of Multidrug-Resistance among Gram Negative Isolates at a Tertiary Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.","authors":"Susanna Felsenstein,&nbsp;Sarantsetseg Bira,&nbsp;Narangerel Altanmircheg,&nbsp;Enkhtur Shonkhuuz,&nbsp;Ariuntuya Ochirpurev,&nbsp;David Warburton","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Information on microbiological and susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates in Mongolia is scarce, hampering infection control and clinical care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Species and resistance profiles of 6334 clinical gram negative isolates, collected at Mongolia's National Center for Maternal and Child Health between 2014 and 2017 were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Annual proportion of multidrug-resistance among <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> isolates increased from 2.8% to 16.6% and 3.5% to 22.6% respectively; <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates exhibiting susceptibilities suggestive of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production from 73% to 94%. By 2017, 60.6% of <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates were multidrug-resistant, most originated from intensive care wards. Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting susceptibility patterns suggestive of ESBL production and multidrug-resistant organisms were common and their incidence increased rapidly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings will serve to build strategies to strengthen microbiological surveillance, diagnostics and infection control; and to develop empiric therapy and stewardship recommendations for Mongolia's largest Children's and Maternity hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38596091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: An International Public Health Concern.","authors":"Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents a synopsis on the current COVID-19 pandemic, with focus on preventive measures. COVID-19 is a new viral infection, and is in form of a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Coronavirus which belongs to an expanded group of viruses which were identified six decades ago. Importantly, the new COVID-19 belongs to the group of SARS-CoV, and it originated in bats but infected humans through smuggled pangolins. At first, the mode of transmission of infection was animal-to-person, but person-to-person and community transmission of the virus has been confirmed in many parts of the world. With an incubation period of between two-fourteen days, signs and symptoms of infection are mild to high respiratory illness; characterized with cough, breathing problems (shortness of breath), high temperature (Fever), tiredness (Fatigue) and nausea. Presently, no vaccines or specific treatment is available for COVID-19, in light of the aforementioned; prevention is the only substantial and less expensive option. With the envisaged explosive community transmission of COVID-19 in the coming weeks in places with limited daily testing, especially in African countries, it is recommended among many that social distancing which includes avoiding any form of contact with people; either through greetings, hugging or shaking of hands and large gatherings, avoid contact with animal items, dead or alive animals, sick and dead people from areas experiencing COVID-19 epidemic, and basic hygienic practices like thorough washing of hands with clean water and antiseptic soap for the duration of at least twenty seconds should be practiced always. However, in the absence of the aforementioned, an alcohol-based hand gel should be used on the hands frequently. Furthermore, health care workers should adhere strictly to the standard preventive measures in areas of heightened COVID-19 epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38596093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poisoning Cases Reported to Poison Information Centre, Ahmedabad, India: A Three Year Observational Study.","authors":"Avinash Pagdhune,&nbsp;Kundan Kunal,&nbsp;Kanubhai Amrutlal Patel,&nbsp;Aswin Bhailalbhai Patel,&nbsp;SukhDev Mishra,&nbsp;Rajendra Palkhade,&nbsp;Jaseer Muhamed","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Morbidity and mortality associated with pesticide poisoning is a major public health issue, especially in lower and middle income countries, including India. Timely understanding of poisoning trends is required for improved prevention. The objective of the present study was to analyze the trend of poisoning cases in Ahmedabad, India in the period of 2015-2017.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Detailed history, including demographic data, risk factors, poisoning history, agents involved, and occupational influence were collected for poisoning cases reported to the Poison Information Centre in Ahmedabad. Cholinesterase activity and HPTLC method for detection of sanguinarine in urine were used to investigate the agents of poisoning. Non-parametric tests, such as Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to test statistical significance between the groups. All statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total 1373 poisoning cases were investigated. The incidence and fatality rate was found to be higher in males compared to females (M/F ratio 1.89:1). About 91.62% of the poisoning were through the oral route. Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity assay results indicated that 41.29% of the cases were due to organophosphorus/carbamate poisoning. Insecticides were found to be the agent of poisoning in 26.29% cases, and 11.07% of all the cases were agricultural workers. Poisoning with medications, household pesticides and chemicals were also reported. Few cases of food poisoning with sanguinarine were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data presented here suggest that pesticides used for agriculture are the major source of poisonings. Implementation of usage guidelines, educating farmers and vulnerable population, and finding novel alternatives for highly toxic chemicals may be helpful in decreasing the number of poisoning cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40528503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil on Depression.","authors":"Azar Jafari-Koulaee,&nbsp;Forouzan Elyasi,&nbsp;Zohreh Taraghi,&nbsp;Ehteram Sadat Ilali,&nbsp;Mahmood Moosazadeh","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression is considered as one of the most serious health issues worldwide, and the search for the most effective and safe treatments for depression is essential. Aromatherapy with lavender have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their low cost and ease of use, so this study was conducted to review of the effects of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review study was conducted by searching the databases (SID, Magiran, Google-Scholar, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) by using the keywords such as depression, Lavandula, Lavender, and Aromatherapy, as well as applying OR and AND operators to the end of January 1, 2020 A.D. The inclusion criteria were: 1) Interventional studies that determined keywords were in the title or keywords of the article, 2) aromatherapy was conducted through inhalation or massage, 3) the full text of paper was accessible, and 4) published in English or Persian. Finally, the information obtained from articles was extracted using a checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 278 studies, 9 studies were included to the systematic review process after screening and eliminating duplicate papers according to the purpose of the study. Aromatherapy with lavender essential oil was conducted on the patients suffering from migraine, patients with the acute coronary syndrome, patients undergoing hemodialysis, community-dwelling older adult, and postpartum depression. The results obtained from some studies showed the positive effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on depression whereas some studies did not report the effect of aromatherapy with lavender on depression significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems that aromatherapy with lavender probably can be used as a complementary, simple, and inexpensive method to improve mild and moderate depression. It is recommended to earmark using a collaborative approach and make use of interdisciplinary and psychology specialists as well as complementary medicine in applying aromatherapy with lavender essential oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work Preferences in Rural Health Job Posting Among Medical Interns in a Lower Middle-Income Country-a Discrete Choice Experiment.","authors":"Julius R Migriño","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Timely empirical evidence is important in the success of health systems, and such evidence is necessary for informed policy making to address inequity in the health workforce. Literature is ripe with incentives that affect recruitment and retention of physicians in rural and remote areas, but such data in still lacking in the Philippine setting. Discrete choice experiment is one methodology utilized by the World Health Organization which provides both qualitative and quantitative information to aid policy makers in health human resource management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized a discrete choice experiment involving three phases: 1) identification of incentives and levels using key informant interviews and focus group discussions, 2) selection of scenarios utilizing an experimental design, and 3) administration of survey based on WHO guidelines. Conditional logistic regression, point estimates, and correlational analyses were done using Stata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is significant association between type of background and considerations for rural practice among the respondents based on Pearson's correlation (p < 0.01). The respondents put more value into non-wage rural job posting incentives than small to modest base salary increases. The high willingness to pay for the presence of supervision, relative location of work areas from families, and status of workplace infrastructure/equipment or supplies suggest the importance of workplace conditions to attract rural health physicians. Combinations of wage and non-wage incentives may be necessary to provide for the most cost-efficient increases in rural job post uptake rates based on post-estimate calculations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Philippine medical interns and young doctors value non-wage incentives in considering rural health job postings. Rural health job postings with these incentives are predicted to significantly increase recruitment in rural health job posts, particularly when combinations of wage and high-impact non-wage incentives are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40616345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-blame Attributions of Patients: a Systematic Review Study.","authors":"Yadollah Jannati,&nbsp;Hamid Sharif Nia,&nbsp;Erika Sivarajan Froelicher,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Goudarzian,&nbsp;Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psychological aspects are important issues in patients that will have significant effects on disease progression. A new and important psychological concern is self-blame. This review was performed with the aim of systematic review on studies around patient's self-blame.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a systematic review using international databases including PubMed (since 1950), Scopus (since 2004), Web ofSciences (since 1900), and ProQuest (since 1938) and Irani an databases including SID (since 2004) and Magiran (since 2001). Mesh terms including \"patient,\" \"regret,\" and \"guilt\" and non-Mesh terms including \"self-blame attribution,\" \"characterological self-blame,\" \"behavioral self-blame,\" and \"blame\" were used in Iranian and international databases with OR and AND operators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review yielded 59 articles; 15 articles were included in the present study. The ages of patients ranged from 29-68.4 years. Most of studies (86.6%) had cross-sectional design and use characterological self-blame and behavioral self-blame variablesfor assessing self-blame attributions. The results showed that in most studies, a significant relationship among self-blame and psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant relation was reported between self-blaming and the degree of distress, anxiety, and depression in patients in most of the studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40616347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in Tajikistan: An assessment of individual determinants.","authors":"Salima Kasymova","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Over the past decade, the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Tajikistan increased significantly, with women particularly vulnerable to acquiring HIV. This research assessed individual determinants associated with HIV testing among women of reproductive age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary data analysis was done using data from 5,867 females aged 15-49 years. Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariate analysis were applied to find associations between women's socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health variables, and HIV testing uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, only 26% (1,501) of women in the present research reported HIV testing in the past. Multiple regression indicated that HIV testing was significantly associated with participants' age (25-34 age group: OR 0.7, p ≤ 0.001; 35-49 age group: OR 0.2, p ≤ 0.001), education (OR 2.2, p ≤ 0.001), area of residence (OR 0.6, p ≤ 0.001), marital status (OR 2.4, p ≤ 0.001), HIV knowledge (OR 1.1, p ≤ 0.001), and pregnancy history (OR 6.7, p ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this research suggest that there is a need for culturally acceptable interventions, including outreach to increase the overall HIV testing rate among women in Tajikistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38499023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PrEP in India's HIV Prevention Policy in the Era of Social Media and Sex Positivity.","authors":"Anindya Kar,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra,&nbsp;Shuvankar Mukherjee,&nbsp;Agnibho Mondal,&nbsp;Aaditya Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The global revolution of online social media and connectivity had a tremendous effect on sexual behavior in both developed and developing countries. This global change is influencing the societal structure and existing social principles. Moreover, it has a significant impact on the epidemiology of different infectious diseases, especially HIV.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>India is one of the most diverse democratic countries that has undergone a social-cultural transition in the last decade. However, having the second-highest HIV infection rate in the world, India does not have any other new prevention tools in their national HIV prevention strategy. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), a boon of HIV prevention widely used in different countries, is still not implemented in India. The concept of \"Digital India\" by the Government of India is giving wide access of internet to the people of India. Furthermore, people are exposed to social media, and that is impacting their sex seeking behavior. Interestingly, recent legal changes in India promotes sex positivity. It also calls for introspection on existing HIV preventive strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the current scenario of PrEP and other existing preventive measurements of HIV, further research is needed to determine the acceptance and efficacy of PrEP and improve engagement in care for individuals in India. Various international studies recommend effective implication of PrEP to reduce the rate and economic burden of HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40616346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Tinnitus Management.","authors":"Salma Galal,&nbsp;Naema Ismail,&nbsp;Ghada Niel","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2020.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2020.356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tinnitus occurs in 10-15% of the world's population. It may lead to hearing loss, depression, and suicidal tendencies, as well as reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess whether Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) effectively reduces tinnitus handicapping after six months or more of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with follow-up of six months was undertaken. The review took place through searching Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords \"tinnitus\" and \"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation\" and limiting the search results to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted on adults (19 years and older) published between 2005-2015. Meta-analysis was performed on the similarly designed studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five RCTs with six month follow-up were found conforming to the inclusion criteria. In total, there were 119 patients in the TMS arms and 115 in the placebo arms. However, designs were different between the studies and were therefore not all comparable. Different parameters were used to measure the severity of tinnitus and depression scores. Tinnitus handicapped inventory (THI) was the common measured outcome parameter used in all studies. THI score decreased after the TMS in four studies. Meta-analysis was performed on three similarly designed RCTs with the overall effect being insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TMS reduced the THI score and decreased the severity of tinnitus in 45% of patients and lead to a complete recovery in 32% of cases in one study. However, the meta-analysis demonstrated lack of significant effect of TMS on tinnitus management.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}