Central Asian Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Scientific Banana Republics: Do They Exist?","authors":"Faina Linkov, Shalkar Adambekov, Sharon Goughnour, Sharon C Welburn, Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza, Musa Kana, Eugene Shubnikov, Mustapha M Mustapha, Aamir Sheikh, Ronald LaPorte","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2016.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2016.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35607929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Universal Non-Neuronal Nature of Parkinson's Disease: A Theory.","authors":"André X C N Valente, Altynai Adilbayeva, Tursonjan Tokay, Albert A Rizvanov","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2016.231","DOIUrl":"10.5195/cajgh.2016.231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, yet the etiology of the majority of its cases remains unknown. In this manuscript, relevant published evidence is interpreted and integrated into a comprehensive hypothesis on the nature, origin, and inter-cellular mode of propagation of sporadic PD. We propose to characterize sporadic PD as a pathological deviation in the global gene expression program of a cell: the PD expression-state, or PD-state for short. A universal cell-generic state, the PD-state deviation would be particularly damaging in a neuronal context, ultimately leading to neuron death and the ensuing observed clinical signs. We review why ageing associated accumulated damage caused by oxidative stress in mitochondria could be the trigger for a primordial cell to shift to the PD-state. We propose that hematopoietic cells could be the first to acquire the PD-state, at hematopoiesis, from the disruption in reactive oxygen species homeostasis that arises with age in the hematopoietic stem-cell niche. We argue that cellular ageing is nevertheless unlikely to explain the shift to the PD-state of all the subsequently affected cells in a patient, thus indicating the existence of a distinct mechanism of cellular propagation of the PD-state. We highlight recently published findings on the inter-cellular exchange of mitochondrial DNA and the ability of mitochondrial DNA to modulate the cellular global gene expression state and propose this could form the basis for the inter-cellular transmission of the PD-state.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35607927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Reproductive Hormonal Level and Osteoporosis among Women in Mongolia.","authors":"Unentsatsral Lkhagvasuren,&nbsp;Sarantuya Jav,&nbsp;Battogtokh Zagdsuren","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2015.239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopathic fragility fractures, which can lead to significant morbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) across the stages of menopause in Mongolian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred sixty participants aged 50.1±4.4 years were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were obtained from each participant and analyzed using ELISA. Data were first stratified and analyzed by bone mineral density status (osteoporotic, osteopenic, and normal) and then by menopause status. Between group differences were analyzed using t-tests, and correlations were assessed using the Spearman rank order test, with Bonferonni correction. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package Statistical Software version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Significance was set at <i>p</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean menopausal age was 48.4±3.4, which is comparable to the Mongolian population mean menopausal age. The mean serum estradiol level in the normal BMD group was 18.3±13.1 pg/ml and 15.8±10.7 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean serum FSH in the normal BMD group was 54.5±44.1 pg/ml and 81.3±34.2 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean serum LH level in the normal BMD group was 53.1±41.2 and 75.1±26.1 pg/ml in the osteoporotic group. The mean T and Z score were lower in the osteoporotic group. FSH and LH levels significantly differed across menopause stages in that those who were post-menopausal had higher levels compared to those who were pre- or peri-menopausal. Both hormones, FSH and LH, showed weak negative correlations with BMD level, but not E2. There were significant negative correlations between FSH and Speed of Sound (SOS) (r=-0.16; p<0.01), and between osteoporosis with age (r=-0.30, p<0.05) and number of childbirths (r=-0.14 p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Osteoporosis is a significant problem with associations to hormone levels in post-menopausal women. In our study, mean serum estradiol levels decreased with age, and the mean FSH and LH levels were higher in women of later menopausal stage. Further study is warranted to investigate the bone related studies to establish better statistical references among Mongolian women.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5195/cajgh.2015.239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35606913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health and Social Desirability in Kazakhstan: Methodological Considerations.","authors":"Brett J Craig,&nbsp;Martha C Engstrom","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2015.191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the Republic of Kazakhstan undertakes new public health efforts to promote healthy lifestyles among its citizens, the local perceptions of health and health behaviors need to be examined and understood from the sociocultural and historical perspectives. The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between perception of control on one's health and engagement in good and bad health behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Students enrolled in a health communication course surveyed 310 citizens of Kazakhstan on their perceptions of control over their own health and multiple health behaviors (i.e. smoking status, physical activity, etc.). Twenty-seven students were divided into groups and approached every third passerby as a potential participant during common shopping hours in nine popular marketplaces in Astana, Kazakhstan. Perception of control on one's health was measured using a validated measure of health control: the multidimensional health locus of control scale (MHLC), developed by Wallston and colleagues. The MHLC measures three separate loci of control: internal, chance, and powerful others.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants perceived themselves as having highest control over their health (MHLC subscale internal: 29.70±0.64), powerful others had second highest control (MHLC subscale power others: 23.72±0.77), and chance had the lowest but still some control on their health (MHLC subscale chance: 20.82±0.85). Most participants rated their current health as very good (18.1%), good (45.0%), or moderate (32.3%). Approximately 23.4% of participants were smokers, and 22.2% consumed alcohol. Physical activity averaged 3.63 days in the past week, and fruit and vegetable consumption averaged 2 servings of each per day. Tobacco and the powerful others subscale were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.17, <i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participant reports regarding personal health behaviors and lifestyle did not reflect the national reports regarding lifestyle behaviors. The relationship between powerful others subscale and tobacco smoking indicate that using healthcare providers may open up avenues to lowering tobacco use through patient education; however, social desirability is a notable concern for public health interventions. More importantly, the surveys uncovered future questions for conducting public health research with the general public, including issues of trust in the healthcare system and social desirability bias. Additional factors such as distrust in healthcare and government also may play a role in the public's participation in social scientific research. The students who conducted the surveys reported a general skepticism from the public ranging from unfamiliarity with survey research to explicit distrust in the intentions and purpose of the research itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35251114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of NGO-to-state Referral in the Delivery of HIV Prevention Programs in Ukraine Supported by the Global Fund.","authors":"Svetlana McGill","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.213","DOIUrl":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ukraine has one of the world's fastest growing HIV rates and was one of the largest recipients of funding from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GF). The objective of this study was to close the gaps in the literature on the delivery of HIV prevention services by NGOs and the perceptions of NGO delivered services, using as an example HIV prevention programs in Ukraine funded by the GF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this qualitative study was to determine how NGO-based services were implemented in the context of a state-owned healthcare system of Ukraine. An ethnographic study, which included 50 participant interviews, was conducted in three oblasts in Ukraine and in the capital, Kyiv, between 2011 and 2013. This article presents some of the findings that emerged from the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported that NGOs were focused more on reporting numbers of rapid tests, and less on motivating clients to continue onto treatment. The role division between NGOs and the state in HIV services was largely perceived by participants as unclear and challenging. Overall, lack of clarity on the role of government healthcare providers and NGOs in providing HIV services compromised the process of finding, referring, and retaining HIV patients in care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gaps in linking HIV patients to the HIV care continuum have been identified as a potentially problematic issue in delivery of HIV prevention services by GF funded NGOs. With an anticipated GF exit from Ukraine, the lack of clearly defined NGO-to-state referrals of HIV patients complicates the transition of NGO run services into state funding. Further steps to improve referral systems are necessary to ensure a smooth transition and enable Ukraine to fight its HIV epidemic effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35251115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Drink Consumption Practices of Young People in Bahrain.","authors":"Maryam M Nassaif,&nbsp;Ghufran J J Alobed,&nbsp;Noor A A Alaam,&nbsp;Abdulla N Alderrazi,&nbsp;Muyssar S Awdhalla,&nbsp;Asokan G Vaithinathan","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2015.216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Energy drink (ED) consumption is becoming increasingly popular among young Bahrainis, who may be unaware of the health risks associated with ED consumption. To date, there have been few publications on the consumption of ED in Bahrain, particularly among adolescents. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature on energy drink consumption practices of Bahraini adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected using a previously established European Food Safety Authority questionnaire. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a convenience sample of 262 Bahraini students aged 10 to 18 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants consumed energy drinks 2 to 3 times per week and consumed two or more cans at a time. Eighty percent of partcipants preferred energy drinks with sugar. Participants in the older age group and higher educational level consumed more ED. The majority (57%) consumed ED at home with friends as part of socialization. Notably, 60% of the parents of the respondents have not consumed energy drinks. Prominent reasons for consumption of energy drinks included: taste (40%), energy (30%), stay awake (13%), augment concentration (4%), and enhance sports performance (6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Energy drink consumption is a popular socialization activity among adolescents of Bahrain. The potential health risks necessitates the need for novel health promotion strategies and advocacy efforts for healthy hydration practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35251116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Quality Assessment of Sputum Smear Microscopy in Tuberculosis Laboratories in Sughd, Tajikistan.","authors":"Eva Chang,&nbsp;Fabio Luelmo,&nbsp;Zamira Baydulloeva,&nbsp;Marija Joncevska,&nbsp;Guljamol Kasymova,&nbsp;Oktam Bobokhojaev,&nbsp;Tom Mohr","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2015.230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tajikistan has a laboratory network with three levels of tuberculosis (TB) laboratories. The external quality assessment (EQA) of sputum smear microscopy was implemented in 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EQA system and identify potential performance improvement strategies in TB microscopic laboratories in Sughd, Tajikistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study based on retrospective record review and secondary data analyses on Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopy data and EQA reading results collected between the first quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2013. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the overview of microscopy laboratories activities, EQA results, and laboratory performance.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Of the 123,874 smears examined between 2011 and 2013, 11,522 (9.30%) were re-checked by the EQA system. The population TB screening rate rose from 0.46% in 2011 to 0.57% in 2013, and the case positivity rate decreased from 6.98% to 4.80%. The regional EQA results showed a reduction in high false-positive, high false-negative, and low false-negative errors. False-positive errors had decreased from 0.13% in 2011 to 0.07% in 2013, and false-negative errors from 0.91% in 2011 to 0.15% in 2013. Regional sensitivity of smear microscopy, when compared to re-checking controller, increased from 88.2% in 2011 to 97.2% in 2013. The regional specificity level remained relatively stable at above 99%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found that a decreasing trend of case positivity rate from 2011 to 2013 in Sughd, though the overall laboratory workload was on the rise. In addition, EQA results showed an overall error reduction and an improved sensitivity of smear microscopy in the region. The overview of microscopic laboratory activities and the actual evaluation of the EQA system on sputum smear microscopy complement each other in providing a better picture on the progress of TB laboratory strengthening. We recommend similar approaches to be adapted by future evaluations on TB microscopic laboratories, particularly among countries of high burden. Interactive training and feedback loops are crucial to improving TB surveillance in Tajikistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35606911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk for Disability and Poverty Among Central Asians in the United States.","authors":"Carlos Siordia, Athena K Ramos","doi":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.220","DOIUrl":"10.5195/cajgh.2015.220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the disability-poverty relationship among minority groups within the United States (US) populations may help inform interventions aimed at reducing health disparities. Limited information exists on risk factors for disability and poverty among \"Central Asians\" (immigrants born in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and other Central Asian regions of the former Soviet Union) in the US. The current cross-sectional analysis used information on 6,820 Central Asians to identify risk factors for disability and poverty. Data from the 2009-2013 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) file from the American Community Survey (ACS) indicate that being married, non-Latino-white, and having higher levels of educational attainment are protective against disability and poverty. In contrast, older age, residing in the Middle Atlantic geographic division, and having limited English language ability are risk factors for both disability and poverty. Research should continue to develop risk profiles for understudied immigrant populations. Expanding knowledge on the well-being of Central Asians in the US may help impact public health interventions and inform health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"4 2","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5661206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35606909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hypoglycemic Activity of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris Linn. (Alambrillo) Leaf Extract on Alloxan-Induced Male Mus Musculus Linn. (Webster White Mice)","authors":"Mary Fe S. Behiga, Angelic C. Jagualing, Jaesson L. Napone, Gerardeane Anne B. Vocal","doi":"10.7828/AJOH.V6I1.932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7828/AJOH.V6I1.932","url":null,"abstract":"There are earlier pharmacological studies of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. which indicated its hypoglycemic activity. The presence of flavonoids in the leaf might be the possible source of the said activity. This study intends to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of flavonoids present in Alambrillo fern on Alloxan-induced Webster white mice. Twenty-five hyperglycemic mice were divided into five (5) groups equally. The groups received the following treatments: group I received water and served as the negative control, group II was administered with flavonoid extract (100mg/kg), group III (150mg/kg), group IV (200mg/kg), and group V metformin (200mg/kg). The fasting blood glucose level was determined at 0, 1st, 5th, and 7th hour after treatment and the data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA.The results showed that there was a significant change in the mean fasting blood glucose levels of the mice after the treatments, reaching its maximum effect at the 5th hour. There was no significant difference in the hypoglycemic activity of the group who received 200mg/kg metformin and those who received 200mg/kg flavonoid extract. Therefore, flavonoids present in the leaves of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. have hypoglycemic effect on the Alloxan-induced Webster white mice. Keywords : Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn., Alambrillo, Alloxan monohydrate, Metformin hydrochloride, blood glucose level","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78274604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Perception on the Benefits of Safe Sex Among College Students in a State University","authors":"R. T. Seno","doi":"10.7828/AJOH.V6I1.923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7828/AJOH.V6I1.923","url":null,"abstract":"Safe sex is a topic of interest among researchers worldwide. In the Philippine setting, safe sex is not openly discussed. Such topics may come up only after a problem arises. Although most adolescents are not sexually active, knowledge on the benefits of safe sex is an important weapon to safeguard their health and future. Despite the studies conducted, it is alarming that there is a notable increase of unplanned pregnancies of women age 15-19 years old in the past years (WHO, 2014). Hence, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception on the benefits of safe sex among students aged 16-18 years old and identify the relationships among the demographic profile and their knowledge and their perception on the benefits of safe sex. This study revealed that the age of the respondents has some significant effect on their knowledge on the benefits of safe sex. Furthermore, respondents who own a computer with internet and respondents whose source of information on safe sex are educators have a significant effect on their perception of the benefits of safe sex. Finally, the study confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge and the perception on the benefits of safe sex. Keywords : Safe sex, adolescents, sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancy","PeriodicalId":42537,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Journal of Global Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74237451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}