National Public Law Review最新文献

{"title":"A Legal Study on Wartime Legislation and War Preparedness","authors":"Kwonil Kim","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.4.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.4.147","url":null,"abstract":"War and law have been primarily a concern of international law, but sustained North Korean provocations, the war between Russia and Ukraine, and the war between Israel and Hamas have made it necessary to have domestic public law concerns as well. In times of war, wartime readiness legislation, which has a significant impact on the rights and obligations of citizens, is still incomplete in many areas. This study analyzes the issues of improving wartime readiness legislation through wartime legislation such as emergency orders at the time of the Korean War, and attempts to derive suggestions for legal readiness to protect the lives and property of the people. Although many of the same provisions as the emergency order at the time of the Korean War have been established in current legislation, it is preferable to prescribe in advance the contents currently required rather than creating numerous emergency orders. However, the executive branch has prepared the draft War Standby Law and the draft Emergency Order, which are not less problematic from the standpoint of democracy. Either they should be administered by Congress rather than the executive branch, or if their contents are absolutely necessary, they should be enacted by law in advance for the predictability of the public and the public officials concerned. For the response to war, the content needs to take effect at the time war is imminent, not after it has occurred, but it is necessary to conceptualize the point in time for such a response. In addition, legal issues in economic and scientific and technological responses tailored to modern warfare should continue to be considered. Taking these matters into account in preparing for war would go a long way toward protecting the lives and property of the people and safeguarding the nation's existence in a wartime situation.","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"134 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Climate Crisis and the Role of Public Law","authors":"N. Kim","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The state and local governments are implementing emissions trading systems and carbon neutral policies to reduce greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, the Earth is facing a climate crisis due to the increase in greenhouse gases generated from energy generation, steel and chemical industries, energy in the home and transportation, industrial processes such as cement, agriculture, and waste. The number of cases of youth and future generations filing climate lawsuits in the Constitutional Court and courts regarding the climate crisis is increasing, and the issue of guaranteeing basic climate rights under the Constitution is becoming a social issue. Therefore, a public legal response is urgently needed so that the state and local governments can protect the lives, bodies, and property of citizens in order to respond to the climate crisis and achieve sustainable development, and guarantee the right of current and future generations to live in a pleasant environment. In this paper, after examining the concept of climate crisis and Korea's climate crisis response legislation, we review legislative precedents and precedents in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France to find implications for Korea. In addition, the provisions on climate crisis response are stipulated in the Constitution, guaranteeing basic climate rights to protect against damage caused by climate change, the role of the Climate Crisis Response Act, climate crisis response and cooperation through cooperative climate governance, and the freedom of the current generation to respond to the climate crisis. We review the role of public law by discussing emergency declarations and public law issues in response to the crisis of climate change, guaranteeing future generations' temporal climate crisis protection rights, and protecting future generations. For climate protection and response to the climate crisis, the Constitution should specify climate change reduction goals, basic climate rights, and cooperative measures to respond to the climate crisis, and legislatively consider the “urgent need” of the climate crisis beyond the concept of climate protection. In addition, in order to ensure equity and fairness due to infringement of basic rights related to the climate crisis, basic climate rights should be guaranteed under the constitution as well as legislative, scientific, and judicial responsibilities. In addition, the Climate Crisis Response Act should be enacted on necessary measures to make the climate crisis effective by public law. The Climate Crisis Response Act shall be guided and complementary in relation to the Building Act, the National Territory Planning Act, the Economic Act, the Disaster Safety Act, etc., and shall prescribe clear legal responsibility and due process for the climate crisis. In addition, climate crisis response requires cooperation by establishing climate governance between the state and local governments, between local governments, and between countri","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Legal Study on the Improvement of the Appeal System for Educators","authors":"Kwonil Kim, J. Sohn","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.121","url":null,"abstract":"The Appeal System for Educators is an essential system for protecting educators' rights and is currently working well. However, there are many things to improve. Especially as the decline of teaching power is becoming more widespread, affecting even the preference for the teaching profession, it is more necessary than ever to find ways to improve The appeal system for educators to restore the stability of the teaching staff and to encourage them to teach with confidence as education professionals. Under these circumstances, we looked at the problems of the current school cleaning system and ways to improve it. First of all, it is necessary to expand the claimant qualification and claim targets in the Appeal for Educators, as expanding the avenues for educators who have been unfairly or excessively disciplined in the field of education to complain about their unfairness and receive relief is the starting point for protecting the status and rights of educators. Specifically, national university lecturers, who are appointed through a similar process to full-time faculty and perform the same duties, should be granted the right to file a complaint. In addition, the need to allow appeals for warnings and cautions, which are essentially no different from unwritten warnings, needs to be seriously and actively examined. In addition, recognizing the administrative action of private school educator discipline and granting the right to apply for an administrative stay should be interpreted prospectively. The operation of the Appeal Commission for Educators should also allow reconciliation and mediation at the educator appeal stage, and the scope of grievance claims, which is currently very narrow, should be interpreted more broadly so that conflicts and work difficulties in education can be resolved quickly and accurately. Some of these improvements are interpretive and some are legislative. And when these system improvements are made, the burden of work on the Appeal Commission for Educators will inevitably increase. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the efficiency and professionalism of the work by expanding the organization of the Appeal Commission for Educators and deploying more experts qualified as lawyers. In addition, it is also necessary to consider separating kindergarten, elementary, and secondary school teachers from university educators as a way to further enhance the professionalism of the Appeal Commission for Educators.","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124045355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal issues concerning the introduction of environmental tax","authors":"Nam Wook Kim, Dong Ryun Kim","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change caused by rising greenhouse gases is causing ecological destruction, explosive flames, extreme rainfall and cold weather, earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, food shortages, epidemics, etc., and poses environmental risks to the earth and humankind. Countries around the world, including South Korea, have declared carbon neutrality through the Paris Convention and have introduced emissions trading schemes, carbon taxes, energy taxes, and climate change taxes. Recently, in order to introduce a carbon tax, which is the core means of a decarbonized economy and carbon neutrality, South Korea is pending the draft of the basic carbon tax bill and the carbon tax bill in the National Assembly. Therefore, the introduction of an environmental tax is required. There is a view that the concept of the environmental tax includes a contribution under the environmental law, but since the environmental contribution has the characteristics of a quasi-tax as a contribution for the purpose of raising financial resources, if an environmental tax is introduced, the environmental tax must clearly establish the concept of In addition, when strengthening the environmental protection function in the tax system, corporate tax from the standpoint of tax neutrality and fair taxation. income tax. Acquisition tax, property tax, transportation energy and environment tax, tax rationalization plan for automobiles is required. Therefore, clearly establish the concept of environmental tax and respond to climate change. Examine the necessity of introducing an environmental tax from the standpoint of reducing environmental impact, preserving environmental ecosystems, and sustaining development. After grasping the current status of the introduction of environmental taxes in Japan's tax law system, we will examine the environmental tax legislative examples of South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, etc. from a comparative perspective, and seek suggestions for South Korea. In addition, when the environmental tax law is introduced, the legislative limit will be examined within the scope that does not infringe on the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution, and proposals will be made to rationalize the current energy tax system, income tax, and corporate tax system. In addition, we will introduce plastic packaging tax, air transportation tax, ecological environmental tax, etc. to promote sustainable development and propose measures to strengthen social relevance to the introduction of environmental tax.","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130049302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eine Studie zum Verhandlungs-und Koordinierungssystem der Legislative und Exekutive im Gesetzgebungsprozess","authors":"Jung-Gyu Shin","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.151","url":null,"abstract":"Die Regierung und die Nationalversammlung, die das Recht haben, Gesetzentwürfe vorzulegen, sind Subjekte öffentlicher Gewalt, die durch die Verfassung ermächtigt sind, Vorschläge zur Gesetzgebung der politischen Forderungen und Fragen der nationalen Gemeinschaft vorzulegen. Um die Aktualität und Angemessenheit der Vorlage besserer Gesetzgebungsvorschläge und der Umsetzung politischer Maßnahmen sicherzustellen, ist daher keine konfrontative Struktur im Gesetzgebungsprozess erforderlich. Aus dieser Sicht lässt sich erkennen, dass für die Konsultation und Koordinierung zwischen Legislative und Exekutive im Rahmen des Gesetzgebungsprozesses ausreichend institutioneller Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Im innerstaatlichen Gesetzgebungsprozess gibt es sowohl bei der Gesetzgebung durch Parlamentsabgeordneten als auch bei der Regierungsgesetzgebung Probleme. Erste. Anstatt den hochrangigen Parteiregierungsrat und den Parteipolitikrat zu trennen, muss über eine Integration der beiden Räte auf eine Weise nachgedacht werden, die es Oppositionsparteien ermöglicht, am hochrangigen Parteiregierungsrat teilzunehmen. Zweite. Der Gegenstand von Artikel 58 Absatz 7 des Nationalversammlungsgesetzes beschränkt sich nicht auf Tagesordnungen, die Haushaltsmaßnahmen betreffen, und die Meinung der Verwaltung sollte bei Gesetzentwürfen im Zusammenhang mit Staats- angelegenheiten gehört werden, die erhebliche Auswirkungen auf das Leben der Menschen haben oder die Zustimmung der Regierung erfordern Meinungen müssen berücksichtigt werden. Es besteht inhaltlicher Änderungsbedarf. Dritte. Im Falle von Gesetzes- entwürfen, die von Mitgliedern der Nationalversammlung initiiert werden, beispielsweise solche, die sich auf wichtige nationale Angelegenheiten beziehen und eine umfangreiche Beratung und Koordinierung zwischen der Exekutive und der Nationalversammlung erfordern, oder solche, die erhebliche Auswirkungen auf das Leben der Menschen haben, unabhängig davon Auf Antrag einzelner Mitglieder müssen sie vom Gesetzgebungsbüro der Nationalversammlung überprüft werden. Bei dieser Überprüfung muss ein Verfahren angewendet werden, bei dem die Meinungen der Verwaltung angehört werden, beispielsweise durch Einbeziehung der für die Rechtsabteilung zuständigen Person Angelegenheiten im Ministerium für Regierungsgesetzgebung. Vierte. Um den Gesetzgebungsplan der Regierung einzuhalten, wird die Funktion des Ministeriums für Regierungs- gesetzgebung gestärkt. Darüber hinaus werden für von der Regierung vorgelegte Gesetzentwürfe, die erhebliche Auswirkungen auf wichtige nationale Angelegenheiten oder das Leben der Menschen haben, zeitnahe Verfahren festgelegt Bedingungen für die praktische Einhaltung des Gesetzgebungsplans der Regierung zu schaffen. Muss sein. Schließlich sollte die Bewertung von Gesetzesentwürfen im Gesetzgebungsprozess der Regierung (Regulierungsfolgen- abschätzung) durch die Festlegung derselben Überprüfungsstandards und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Exekutive und Legislative","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122748654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Changes and Public Law Issues in the Information Society: Changes in regulatory theory under the pragmatism, a theoretical review of administrative law for better regulation","authors":"Jae Sun Kim","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation in an information society goes beyond the discretionary choice of regulatory means based on the superior status of the administrative agency, and a new approach is being made by creating regulatory status and regulatory methods through debate and agreement between regulators and regulators. In other words, as a highly authoritative administrative disposition, there is an increasing demand for regulatory methods that realize the basic values of administrative law, the rule of law, and the principle of guaranteeing basic rights without undermining the value of technological development and information use. The demand for a change in regulatory methods has emerged since the early 1990s, but it has been further promoted through the information technology revolution in the 2000s and the expansion of non-face-to-face services in the COVID-19 era in 2020. However, in the information age, service types have atypical, technology-oriented, and international characteristics, and due to network effects, inevitable monopolies that did not exist have appeared, making it difficult to respond with existing regulatory methods. Until recently, it has been noted that both regulators and regulators are increasingly tired of regulation as legislative solutions are used, administrative issues are discussed to enforce regulatory discretion and choice of enforcement measures. Therefore, regulators, regulators, and service users have all criticized the problem of regulatory gaps in some cases, and in other cases, criticized the problem of inappropriate regulations or excessive regulations on the premise of services before new service types appeared. The recent pragmatist discussion in U.S. administrative law is also considered to be important in the study of regulatory theory under our administrative law in that it considers discussions at the administrative, policy, and economic levels in terms of regulatory rationality, predictability, and administrative procedures. In particular, in the United States, formalist law and pragmatist discussions have been combined in the 1920s, and have been strengthened through the Federal Administrative Procedure Act in 1946 and Chevron docrine in 1984, this trend is becoming more important in regulatory theory in the information age. In the case of Korea, as the self-regulation policy for the platform was declared in 2022, discussions on specific self-regulation methods are mainly taking place. Platform services enjoy network effects and strengthen their status as a group that controls and manages data in a situation where market boundaries are unclear, but in Korea, direct regulation centered on laws can shrink or limit the service model. Accordingly, it is thought that the value of securing rationality and predictability in terms of regulatory content, presenting concise and clear regulatory standards in terms of regulatory form, understanding complex contexts in terms of regulatory design, and protecting basic rights of t","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133392454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Public Law Issues in Tourism Legislation","authors":"Joo-Young Kang","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.97","url":null,"abstract":"Korea's tourism legislation has the Basic Tourism Act, which sets basic matters for tourism, and the Tourism Promotion and Development Fund Act, which includes regulations on tourism finance, but above all, it is characterized by the focus of the Tourism Promotion Act. The Framework Act on Tourism and the Tourism Promotion Act stipulate each tourism-related administrative plan to achieve the purpose and purpose of each law, but it needs to be improved due to the problem that the sub-plan is not systematically consistent with the top plan. In addition, tourism is not only a business but also a target of tourism for the entire nation, including the socially vulnerable, but there is no legal basis that can be substantially embodied as well as instructive regulations on the so-called “right to tourism.” The casino business is a tourism area that should be promoted as a unique area of tourism business and at the same time as a gambling industry that should be suppressed. ‘The Law on Integrated Supervision of the gambling industry’ has a special restriction on the total sales system through organizational legal regulations, but there is no action legal basis. Tourism finance is operated around the 'Tourism Promotion and Development Fund'. Among the contributions that are the financial resources of this fund, the problem related to the constitutional legitimacy is the departure payment, and it is judged that it does not meet all the requirements for the permissibility of the financial burden required by the Korean Constitutional Court. If the constitutional legitimacy of this levy is denied by the Constitutional Court, it will be difficult to secure funds for the Tourism Promotion and Development Fund, so it is necessary to introduce another levy with constitutional legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129832129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is basic income an alternative to social security?","authors":"Byeongrok Kim","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.3.63","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, discussions on basic income are becoming active again. Basic income theorists say that AI and robots will eliminate jobs and that the introduction of basic income will be inevitable. But the problem is social security. The principle of a 'welfare state' must work in social security. The welfare state is based on mutual aid and social solidarity. It is a system in which citizens put taxes and insurance premiums into the community's piggy bank, and people who need them take them out according to the size they need. The entire nation saves money in piggy banks, but the n received is always a small number. The salary is generous because n is small. I don't take it right away, but I can always go and get help when I'm in danger and a need for social recognition arises. But there are no piggy banks in basic income countries. Everyone shares it as it is. It cannot be more equal than this, but the salary is inevitably low because there are many ns. And there is no social solidarity or mutual aid. The state just plays the role of Robin Hood. The contrast of redistribution varies by income level, and there is no social security or welfare. This is why social security cannot be left to basic income now and in the future. In addition to global economic inequality, socioeconomic polarization is intensifying in Korea, and basic income is drawing attention as an alternative system that can contribute to resolving economic injustice amid concerns over employment loss caused by digital technology innovation.","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"140 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116274406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verwaltungsermittlungen und rechtsstaatliche Verfahren gemäß dem deutschen Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen","authors":"Hyun Im","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"Das Gesetz für fairen Wettbewerb regelt die Befugnisse und Verfahren der Verwaltungsermittlungen sowie Verfügungen der fairen Wettbewerbskommission. Die Verfügungen der fairen Wettbewerbskommission haben praktisch die Funktion eines erstinstanzlichen Gerichts und sollten sowohl materiellrechtlich als auch verfahrensrechtlich gerechtfertigt und rechtmäßig sein. Die fortlaufende Verbesserung der Verwaltungsermittlungsverfahren wurde durch die Revision des Gesetzes für fairen Wettbewerb im Jahr 2020 und die Überarbeitung und Neufassung der Richtlinien der fairen Wettbewerbskommission im Jahr 2023 vorangetrieben. Dennoch bleiben verschiedene Themen im Zusammenhang mit rechtsstaatlichen Verfahren als Herausforderungen zu diskutieren. Dazu gehören die Einführung des Richtervorbehalts, das Verhältnis zwischen der Mitwirkungspflicht der Betroffenen und dem Recht auf Selbstbelastungsfreiheit, die Verwendung von Informationen, die im Rahmen von Verwaltungsermittlungen gesammelt wurden, die Einhaltung des Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatzes bei Verwaltungsermittlungen, die Auswirkungen rechtswidriger Verwaltungsermittlungen sowie das Recht auf Beistand durch einen Anwalt. In diesem Aufsatz wird das Verfahren zur Verwaltungsermittlungen gemäß dem deutschen Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen untersucht, und es wurden Implikationen für unser Rechtssystem identifiziert. Eine Untersuchung gemäß dem Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen sollte sowohl den Aspekt der Realisierung des Regulierungsziels als auch die Sicherung eines rechtsstaatlichen Verfahrens in Einklang bringen, indem ihre Inhalte und Verfahren festgelegt werden. Bei der Untersuchung von möglichen Verbesserungen in unserem Rechtssystem scheint es sinnvoll, das deutsche Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen zu betrachten, das in einer ähnlichen Zeit wie unseres überarbeitet wurde. Das deutsche Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen regelt verschiedene Aspekte der Verwaltungsermittlungen, wie die Ermittlungen, Beweiserhebung, Beschlagnahme, Durchsuchung und Auskunftsverlangen sowie die Prüfung von Geschäftliche Unterlagen. Es sieht vor, dass ein Richter vor Beginn der Verwaltungsermittlungen hinzugezogen werden muss, wobei diese Bestimmung auf Durchsuchungen beschränkt ist. Selbst in diesem Fall wird jedoch eine Ausnahme von einer richterlichen Anordnung vorgesehen. Diese gesetzliche Regelung spiegelt sich in ähnlicher Weise auch in anderen speziellen Verwaltungsgesetzen wider, und der Richtervorbehalt in Verwaltungsermittlungen kommt dann zur Anwendung, wenn Verwaltungsermittlungen unter den Begriff der Durchsuchung des Artikels 13 des Grundgesetzes fallen. Mit anderen Worten, die gesetzliche Haltung gegenüber Verwaltungsermittlungen in Deutschland zielt darauf ab, nicht nur das rechtsstaatliche Verfahren im Sinne des Richtervorbehalts bei Durchsuchungen zu gewährleisten, sondern auch das gesamte Verfahren der Verwaltungsermittlungen systematisch zu kodifizieren. Dies beinhaltet Aspekte wie den En","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114426107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithmic Impact Assessment as a Control System of Automated Disposition","authors":"Eunjeong Kwon","doi":"10.46751/nplak.2023.19.2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.2.121","url":null,"abstract":"The Framework Act on Administration, scheduled to take effect in March 2021, provides an explicit basis for fully automated administrative decisions by introducing the concept of ‘automatic disposition’ in Article 20. Traditionally, the ‘automation of administration’ was significant as an auxiliary administrative procedure consisting of automatic mechanical devices such as traffic signal transmission, tax, and utility bill calculation. Moreover, since automated administrative decisions using artificial intelligence (AI) technology are also included in this automatic disposition, there is room for legal acceptance of automated administrative decisions based on artificial intelligence algorithms that exceed the level of conventional computerization or partial automation. However, it is still a long way from implementing a fully automated administrative decision system based on current law and having technical and institutional safety devices for it. On the other hand, the Framework Act on Intelligent Informatization, which took effect in December 2020, introduced a new ‘social impact assessment’ for intelligent information services that have far-reach effects on citizens’ lives. According to Article 56 of the Act, the main goal of this impact assessment system is to investigate and evaluate the impact of intelligent information services on society, economy, culture, etc., disclose the results, reflect them in policies, and directly recommend appropriate measures. Since the scope of intelligent information services subject to evaluation is not limited to the private sector, it should be considered that intelligent information services in the administrative sector can also be subject to social impact assessment in this article. It is reasonable to assume that automatic administrative services by artificial intelligence system belong to a wide range of intelligent information services prescribed by law, and that automatic disposition issued as a fully automated system based on intelligent information technology can also be subject to social impact assessment. Although no provisions have been found in law to assess the impact of automated administrative decisions, the government of Canada has implemented the “Directive on Automated Decision-Making” since April 2019, which systematically regulates the automated administrative decision-making system. The requirement that constitutes an important axis of this directive is the ‘algorithmic impact assessment'. For an automated administrative decision-making system that bears relatively stricter legality and public responsibility than private companies' services, it is necessary to process and operate an impact assessment that reviews safety, transparency, and solidity in advance. In this paper, referring to the Canadian case, as a control system of the algorithm-based administrative decision-making system, I propose the institutionalization of the “algorithmic impact assessment” in consideration of the conn","PeriodicalId":423802,"journal":{"name":"National Public Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}