{"title":"Contact motion control of a micro operation hand","authors":"T. Nakamura, Y. Kogure, K. Shimamura","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.819984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.819984","url":null,"abstract":"Force control is required in dexterous micro operation of small mechanical parts and biological objects. Our research aims at the development of micro operation hands. For this purpose a finger subsystem with a lever mechanism and magnetic actuators were developed and applied to contact motion task. In this paper, characteristics of the mechanism and actuators are analyzed and it is shown that some nonlinear terms deteriorate the positioning accuracy even in free motion. Friction apparently influences positioning accuracy in contact motion. A motion control system which compensates for these disturbances was designed and applied to drawing tasks of micro figures with the size less than 1 mm.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128391320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal analysis of fingerprint sensor having a microheater array","authors":"Ji-song Han, T. Kadowaki, K. Sato, M. Shikida","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.820006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.820006","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of properties security, in particular of information systems, demands for portable fingerprint sensors are increasing. We proposed a new type of fingerprint sensor having an arrayed microheater, and successfully fabricated one-dimensional array of sensor elements on a silicon wafer using micromachining technologies. Electric resistance of each heater element is measured as signals of temperature difference between elements that are in contact or non-contact with ridges of the fingerprints. In this paper, we analyzed thermal characteristics of our sensor device using computer modeling. Effects of the following parameters were investigated; cavity under heater, SiO/sub 2/ film between heater and sensor base, heater size, input power and pulse time duration applied to the heater, material properties contacting to sensor surface etc. We concluded that making cavities under the microheater elements and having SiO/sub 2/ film layer between heater element and sensor base both for the purpose of thermal insulation, is necessary to realize the performance of the proposed sensor system. From the simulation results, it was clarified that such a miniaturized heater element will work quite effective for detecting fingerprint patterns.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129580119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Arai, T. Sugiyama, P. Luangjarmekorn, A. Kawaji, T. Fukuda, K. Itoigawa, A. Maeda
{"title":"3D bio-micromanipulation (bilateral control system using micro tri-axial force sensor)","authors":"F. Arai, T. Sugiyama, P. Luangjarmekorn, A. Kawaji, T. Fukuda, K. Itoigawa, A. Maeda","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.819985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.819985","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, it is demanded to manipulate a small biological object, such as an embryo, cell, and microbe. Biomicromanipulation is important for biology and bioengineering fields. However, it is very difficult, since the object is very small, kept in the liquid, and observed by the optical microscope. The image of the microscope is two dimensional, so it is hard to manipulate the target in the 3D space. The object is fragile, so it is hard to manipulate safely. To improve the manipulation works, here we propose the viewpoint selection method in the VR space, and a new bilateral control system to improve manipulation of the micro object under the microscope.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116383549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on XeF/sub 2/ pulse etching using wagon wheel pattern","authors":"K. Sugano, O. Tabata","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.819999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.819999","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the developed XeF/sub 2/ etching system and measured etching characteristics using a wagon wheel pattern. A pulse etching was used and an etching sequence was controlled by a computer. The etching rate was in proportion to the number of pulses and higher in the initial 15 seconds of etching than in the rest of the etching. The etching rates were 2.5 /spl mu/m per pulse vertically and 2.0 /spl mu/m per pulse laterally for pulse duration of 180 sec. The etching rate increased as the aperture width of the wagon wheel pattern increased. The measured ratio between the etch depth and the lateral undercut was 1.3. These etching characteristics were independent of crystal orientation.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133443360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of micromotors using LIGA process","authors":"S. Takimoto, R. Kondo, K. Suzuki, S. Sugiyama","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.820009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.820009","url":null,"abstract":"An electrostatic wobble micromotor and a comb drive microactuator were fabricated by the LIGA process. The following design rules for the micromotors were decided: a height of 100 /spl mu/m, a maximum width for movable parts of 10 /spl mu/m, a minimum width for fixed parts of 40 /spl mu/m, a driving voltage of about 100 V, and a minimum gap of 2 /spl mu/m between movable parts and fixed parts. Calculated torque outputs for the wobble motor and the comb drive actuator were 3.19/spl times/10/sup -8/ Nm and 11.33/spl times/10/sup -8/ Nm respectively under a driving voltage of 100 V. The basic structure of the micromotors was composed of movable and fixed electrodes of Ni and a sacrificial layer of SiO/sub 2/ on a Si substrate. These micromotors were fabricated by a single mask process using LIGA. In this process, the difficult phase is removing the PMMA molds before the sacrificial layer etching of SiO/sub 2/. The residual PMMA was removed by the GG developer after a second X-ray exposure without a mask. When the residual PMMA was left between the micropatterns, it was removed completely by using an organic solvent and so on. Therefore, the sacrifice layer etching and drive of the micromotors were successful. Actuation of the micromotors was confirmed. The applied voltage to the wobble motor and the comb drive actuator were 125 V and 65 V respectively. The maximum oscillation of the comb drive actuator was 4.54 /spl mu/m under a frequency of 2.0/spl times/10/sup 3/ Hz.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127418998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D microstructuring of glass using electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM)","authors":"V. Fascio, R. Wuthrich, D. Viquerat, H. Langen","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.820003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.820003","url":null,"abstract":"3D micropatterning is done in an electrolyte with electrodischarge assisted etching at the tool tip. Reported are the influence of the percentage of sodium ions in the sample, the applied voltage and the distance between tool and glass sample, and the induced local composition modifications. SIMS analysis has shown the diffusion and extraction of sodium ions, dissolution of SiO/sub 2//sup $/and local substitution of Na/sup +/ with H/sup +/ ions. The study of such aspects will contribute to the control of 3D microstructuring and to the local surface modification.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Excimer laser processing in nano-technology","authors":"Y. Kathuria","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.820000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.820000","url":null,"abstract":"In the emerging field of microelectronics, microrobotics and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) it is often desirable to fabricate sub um order structure of solid surfaces in various materials. Recently with the established technique of laser in science and industry, its application have become diversified in the nano- and micro-processing areas. Excimer laser operating in the u.v. region have been employed in various domains covering different spectrum of industrial applications. In all these processes, due to the short pulse width and different scale length of the beam interaction time with the material, various physical phenomenon are encountered that ultimately affects the structure development of the end product. The present paper describes a systematic study of generating sub micron grating like structures and underlines the different aspect on the quality and limitations of the fabricated structure. It further elaborate a few of the basic processes and explore the possibilities of current and new application areas.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126251883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of atomic force microscopy to an encoder","authors":"M. Shimodaira, A. Torii, A. Ueda","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.819983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.819983","url":null,"abstract":"Minute position measurement is needed in the field of precision engineering. We have proposed an encoder using the principle of the an atomic force microscopy (AFM), which is called the AFM encoder. Since the AFM realizes atomic scale resolution, an encoder having the atomic scale resolution will be realized. The AFM encoder is a multiple probe AFM. The deflections of AFM cantilevers are detected by a Michelson interferometer simultaneously. A line-focused red color semiconductor laser is used as a light source and a photodiode array is used as a detector. The periodicity of a crystal lattice, for example the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, is used as the standard of displacement. The AFM cantilevers detect surface topography with atomic resolution and measure the displacement by using the detected signals. In this paper, two AFM cantilevers are used as the probes of the AFM encoder. An optical grating is used as a displacement standard and a pitch of the optical grating is 1.1 /spl mu/m. Surface topography is obtained by two AFM cantilevers simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121363748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent trend of piezoelectric actuator developments","authors":"K. Uchino","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.819975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.819975","url":null,"abstract":"In these several years, piezoelectric have become key components in smart actuator/sensor systems such as precision positioners, miniature ultrasonic motors and adaptive mechanical dampers. This paper reviews recent developments of piezoelectric and related ceramic actuators with particular focus on the improvement of actuator materials, device designs and applications.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122390949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy-neural based multi-agent strategy for biped motion control","authors":"A. Khoukhi, L. Khoukhi","doi":"10.1109/MHS.1999.820026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1999.820026","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the problem of motion control of biped is considered. We develop a new method based on multi-agent associated Fuzzy-Neural and Adaptive Stochastic Petri Nets strategy. This method deals with organization and coordination aspects in an intelligent modeling of human motion. We propose a cooperative multi-agent model. Based on this model, we develop a control kernel named Ih4COK ( Intelligent Motion Control Kernel ), which consists of a controllor, coordinator and executor of diflerent cycles of motion of biped. When walhng, MCOK receives messages and sends oflers. A decision making of actions (DM) is developed at the supervisor level. The articulator agents partially planifi the motion of nonarticulator agent associated. The system is hybrid and distributed jknctionally. In the conflictual situations of sending or receiving messages we apply a new strategy: The Adaptive Stochastic Petri Nets (ASPN) which deals with all these situations. Cognitive agents communicate with reactive agents (mnarticulator) in order to generate the motion.","PeriodicalId":423453,"journal":{"name":"MHS'99. Proceedings of 1999 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science (Cat. No.99TH8478)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114564767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}