Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Religious Coping and Caregivers Burden in Carers of the Mentally Ill In Nigeria: A study from a General Hospital Psychiatric Out- Patient Unit","authors":"D. Ukpong","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nigeria with a population of over 140 million, has so many religious groupings.Despite evidence that people frequently turn to religion for support in the face of adversity, there are no studies examining the prevalence of religious coping in the carers of the mentally ill in Nigeria.  The association between religious coping and burden levels in these caregivers has also not been assessed. Aim: The study investigated the prevalence of religious coping in caregivers of patients with mental illness, and the association between burden and religious coping. Methods: The burden of mental illness and religious coping was studied using standard instruments. Eighty four caregivers and their relatives recruited from the psychiatric out patient clinic of Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Osun, State,Nigeria, took part in the study. Results: Fifty four participants  (64.3%) agreed to having received spiritual support in dealing with relative’s illness within past 3 months prior to research contact. Perceiving spiritual and religious beliefs as important in dealing with illness had significant negative correlations with financial burden scores (r=-0.31;P=0.004),burdensome effects on family leisure(r=-0. 23; P=0. 04), effects on family interaction(r=-0. 25;P=0.02) , and total burden score (r=-0.24;P=0.03). However receipt of religious or spiritual support was positively correlated with disruption of family routine, and this was significant (r=+0.30;P=0.007). There were significant positive correlations between frequency of prayers and financial burden(r=+0.35;p=0.001);frequency of visit to religious leaders and effects on family routine(r=+0.32;P=0.003); increased attendance at religious activities and disruption of family routine(r=+0.21;P=0.05). All items of religiosity had negative correlations with caregiver anxiety, but was significant only with increased attendance at religious activities(r=-0.21- ;P=0.05). Even though we had negative  correlations between caregiver depression and items of religiosity, they did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Spiritual leaders or the clergy form part of a patients’ social network, and they are frequently consulted in times of illness/distress. There is therefore a need for mental health professionals to involve faith communities in caregiver intervention research.","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124828413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Problems Associated with Psychoactive Substance Use Among Long Distance Commercial Automobile Drivers in Ibadan.","authors":"V. Lasebikan, O. Baiyewu","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Automobile drivers are vulnerable to psychoactive substance use often to their detriment in terms of the health hazards of these  substances and also to the detriment of commuters in terms of their safety. The objectives of the study were to identify pattern of psychoactive substance use among long distance commercial drivers in general and also with respect to their status (hired or owner) and also to identify the profile of health and social problems associated with substance use disorders among them. Method: Four hundred and twenty two commercial drivers selected through a multi stage stratified sampling technique from four motor parks in Ibadan were interviewed using the alcohol and drug section of the CIDI. The CIDI auto program was used to generate psychiatric diagnosis. The CIDI auto is a computer program which could concurrently generate both ICD 10 and DSM IIIR diagnoses using various indices which include physical and social health problems. Focus group discussion and direct observation were also conducted in each of the study parks. Results: Their median age was 39 years, 76.8% were married, 5.0% had no formal education. Alcohol was the most prevalent currently used substance, 324 (76.8%). The most prevalent current single ICD 10 diagnosis was harmful use of alcohol, 61 (14.5%), while the most prevalent current multiple ICD 10 diagnoses were harmful use of alcohol/harmful use of cannabinnoids, 33 (7.8%). In all, 124 (29.4%) respondents had single ICD 10 diagnosis, while 46 (10.9%) had multiple ICD 10 diagnoses. Current ICD 10 diagnosis was significantly most reported among young drivers, p p = 0.01. Road accidents were the most common problems reported in this study, 112 (26.8%) and were commonest among those with alcohol related disorders. Risk factors for road accidents were: age range 25 – 34 years, OR = 7.4, 95% CI (2.3 – 21.5) p = 0.00, hired drivers, OR = 7.6, 95% CI (2.7 – 25.4) p = 0.00, harmful use of alcohol, OR = 2.6, 95% CI (1.4 – 11.9), p=0.03, dependence syndrome alcohol, OR = 2.7, 95% CI (1.3 – 13.2), p = 0.02, harmful use alcohol/harmful use cannabinoids, 0R= 8.8, 95% CI (2.5 – 31.9), p = 0.00, harmful use alcohol/dependence syndrome cannabinoids, 0R= 5.5, 95% CI (1.5 – 20.5), p = 0.00. Conclusion: Psychoactive substance use was common among long distance automobile drivers with consequent social and physical health consequences. The government should randomly screen commercial drivers plying the roads for drug use and increase the frequency of educational programs to improve their knowledge about its harmful effects in order to ensure commuters’ safety. Key Words: Psychoactive Substances, Automobile Driving, ICD 10/DSM IIIR","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121385304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenics on Antipsychotics in a Nigerian Psychiatric Hospital","authors":"A. O. Lawani, B. James, M. Okolo, O. Morakinyo, Of Ihenyen, G. Eze","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The metabolic syndrome has been implicated in the increasing incidence of cardiovascular morbidity. The syndrome is commoner among patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition in which morbidity and mortality may arise due to co-morbid cardiovascular disorders. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has not been studied in psychiatric patient populations in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: A cross sectional survey of schizophrenics attending out-patient clinics in a Nigerian hospital was undertaken. Anthropometric measures, clinical variables and lifestyle patterns of respondents were assessed. Results: About 19% met the criteria for the metabolic syndrome. About half had a BMI in the overweight category. Poor lifestyle habits were observed, comprising lack of exercise and poor knowledge on weight reduction techniques. Conclusion: Schizophrenic patients in Nigeria are at risk for cardiovascular morbidity and warrants better attention from psychiatrists.","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116379439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Defence of Insanity in Nigerian Courts: The Missing Link","authors":"C. Ewhrudjakpor","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a huge controversy over failed applications of psychological principles and techniques to the trials of offenders who are mentally ill in Nigerian courts. Aim: This paper is aimed at appraising the import of forensic psychology to the legal trials of mentally ill people. Method: Nigeria laws are replete with Criminal Codes and Criminal Procedure Acts but there are numerous failed cases of insanity defences in Nigeria. The research technique of content analysis of insanity defences in Nigeria shows that there is a missing link. Results: That broken link is the application of forensic psychology using a battery of standardized instruments, validated and culture free, handled by unbiased and incorruptible forensic experts. Conclusion: it was concluded that expert psychiatric testimony can play a significant role in the ultimate verdict, in insanity trials in Nigeria. This finding was explained with the classical positivist school by Lombroso. This author suggested that this broken link be fixed by the Courts deliberately involving forensic experts and their reports in passing judgments. Keywords: Nigeria; Defence; Insanity; Law Courts; Psychiatry","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115282402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem Drinking Among Unemployed Job Seekers In Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"B. Olley","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V7I2.50107","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Methods: A cross sectional study aimed at describing pattern of problem drinking among 420 unemployed job seekers in Ibadan (300 males and 120 females) was carried out using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results: Results indicated that about 52% of respondents (60% of males and 34% of females) drink alcohol. The mean AUDIT score for the job seekers was 13.2±8.9 for males and 3.4±5.3 for females. Approximately 43(24%) of males and 18(10.5%) of females who use alcohol had the AUDIT score above the threshold level of 8.0, which corresponded with high mean values of alcohol consumption per week (222.8±162.7 g of pure ethanol for males and 100.3±98.3 g for females). In addition, about 7.4 % of male job seekers and 2.3 % of females reported episodes of heavy drinking. Conclusion: The findings concluded that problem drinking is prevalent among unemployed job seekers and it is higher than existing national norms. It stressed the need for structural intervention aimed at engaging job seekers in gainful employment and the need to strengthen existing mental health and drug education in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126832487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum Depression among Women in Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State.","authors":"F. Abasiubong, E. Bassey, J. Ekott","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39914","url":null,"abstract":"Background Postpartum depression is a common psychiatric complication of childbearing among women. The increasing rate in addition to poor clinical diagnosis is\u0000attributable to poor health care services and inadequate medical attention. The implication is the high morbidity with adverse social and medical consequences. Aims The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression among women in Uyo\u0000and to determine the association between some sociodemographic variables such as parity, pattern of deliveries and postpartum depression. Method Three hundred and thirty five women who delivered at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital between January and March 2007 were followed up at 6 weeks. They were screened for postpartum depression, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results Of the 315 women assessed, 287 (91.1%) were aged between 20-39 years and the mean age of the women\u0000was 21.3 ± 4.7 years; 260 (82.5%) were married and 286 (90.8%) had secondary school education and above with 134 (42.5%) being employed. A total of 81 (25.7%) of them\u0000saussffoecrieadti ofrnosm b eptowstepeanr taugme (dXe2p=r8e.s1s7io9n, .d Tf=he4r;e P w Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 65-69","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124643501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Brain Fag Syndrome: New Wine in Old Bottles or Old Wine in New Bottles?","authors":"O. Ayonrinde","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39875","url":null,"abstract":"Brain Fag Syndrome has been described as a culture bound syndrome associated with mental exertion and study in West Africans. Modern psychiatric and social science literature over the last half century describe the emanation of the term\u0000“brain fag” as well as the syndrome in Nigeria. Characterised by somatic, affective, anxiety and cognitive features, the nosological validity of brain fag (that is, “Brain Fag Africana”)\u0000as a culture bound syndrome is however questionable. An etymological exploration identified “Brain Fag” as actually a well-established phrase in 19th century Britain.\u0000Furthermore, “Brain Fag Britannica” presented with similar clinical features and was associated with “overstudy” and nervous exhaustion in “brainworkers”.\u0000It is concluded that the term “brain fag” does not emanate from West Africa but had been established in Britain 150 years earlier. In addition, the symptom cluster is not culture\u0000bound or unique to any region of the world. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 47-50","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122936594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Perspective of Witch Hunting of Perceived Practitioners of Witchcraft in Nigeria","authors":"A. Lawani","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39916","url":null,"abstract":"Background There have been recent media reports of witch hunting of witchcraft practitioners in Nigeria, with attendant sudden and untimely death of Nigerians arising\u0000from such exercises. The possibility that innocent individuals may have lost their lives in such exercises is highly likely. Aims The aims of the study were to examine the\u0000phenomenon of witch-hunting and to highlight the psychiatric aspects of this phenomenon.\u0000Method The study entailed a critical appraisal of two verifiable newspaper case reports of witch hunts between the period November 2004 and November 2007.\u0000Results The main reason for the witch-hunt exercise was that the “witches” were responsible for some individuals' illness and misfortune in life. Underdevelopment of the\u0000location of the act was also attributed to the activities of these witches by those who perpetuated the hunt. The “rational” solution was to execute such witches.\u0000Conclusion It is suggested that the mental state, particularly judgement, perception and cognition of the primary sponsors of witch-hunting and that of the native\u0000doctor (witch hunter) be examined. The role of the police and judiciary is emphasized. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 76-79","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128432415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Five-year Retrospective Study of Inpatient Adolescents and Young Adults with Psychiatric Disorders in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Po Ajibola, A. Yussuf, B. Issa, M. Parakoyi","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39913","url":null,"abstract":"Background Knowledge of the course of psychopathology from adolescent into adulthood is indispensable for answering questions regarding the origin of adult psychopathology across a wide age range. Aim The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of psychiatric disorders among adolescents and young adults and the possible associated psychosocial factors. Method Hospital case records of 146 subjects that fell\u0000into the categories of adolescents and young adults were studied retrospectively. Data were collected on their sociodemographic and clinical variables. Diagnoses were\u0000based on ICD- 10. Results The commonest psychiatric disorder was schizophrenia (49.4%). Other disorders were unspecified psychosis (32.2%), bipolar affective disorder (6.1%), depressive episode (4.8%), organic mental disorders (4.4%) and substance- induced psychosis (3.4%). Conclusion Programmes need to be put in place for early detection and intervention of psychiatric disorders among youths, and provision must be made for mental health screening among them. In addition, concerted effort should be made to educate our youths about the risks associated with the use of cannabis and other substances so as to reduce the consequences of its abuse among this group of people. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 60-64","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125697141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Correlates of Patients with Leprosy in Lagos.","authors":"A. Erinfolami, J. Adeyemi","doi":"10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NJPSYC.V6I2.39912","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leprosy is unique in its psychosocial aspectbut this has drawn only limited research attention especially in the developing countries where leprosy is most endemic. Aims: The aims of this study were to identify some of the psychosocial problems encountered by patients with leprosy and compare same with those suffering from tinea vesicolor in Lagos. Method: The instruments administered to the subjects consist of a questionnaire to elicit demographic/ Qpsuyecshtoiosnoncaiairl e v(aGrHiaQbl-e3s0 )a. nDda tath we as3 0a-nitaelmyz eGd eunseinragl thHee a1l0thth version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 10). Results: A significantly higher psychological distress level\u0000with probable psychiatric morbidity of 36.7% was obtained in the leprosy compared to tinea vesicolor patients (16.7%). There was a significant association between higher\u0000psychological distress in patients with leprosy and illness duration and rejection (by family, friends and society). Other psychosocial factors like displacement as a result of illness,\u0000knowledge about the disease, reporting for treatment after diagnosis, and reactions of friends to patients were significantly associated with psychological distress in\u0000patients with leprosy. Conclusion: There was a higher rate of psychiatric morbidity among patients with leprosy than the controls. Similar findings have been reported from other part of the world. Certain psychosocial factors correlated strongly with psychiatric morbidities in patients with leprosy. The findings have been discussed and the implications highlighted. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 54-59","PeriodicalId":422969,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130764855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}