Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories最新文献

{"title":"Neolithic Cultures of Northeastern China and Their Relations with the Adjacent Territories (Chinese Research)","authors":"E. Girchenko","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.068-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.068-073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130665148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cult Items from the Collections of the Circumpolar Ethnographic Detachment of IAET SB RAS in 2021","authors":"I. V. Salnikova","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0833-0841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0833-0841","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-80s of the 20th century, the ethnographic detachment of IAET SB RAS has been conducting research in the areas of compact residence of the Ob Ugrians in the Circumpolar Urals. The purpose of the study is to research changes in the traditional spiritual culture due to the intensity of civilizational processes. This year, the expedition route took place in the Berezovsky District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Shuryshkarsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, in the locations of traditional settlement of Khanty and Mansi. During the expedition, an extensive collection of cult and ritual objects, beaded jewelry worn on the chest, unique samples of the Mansi embroidery on the fabric made artistically from local vegetable fiber, counting tokens were collected. The article presents a detailed description and systematization of the objects of the collection found during a survey of abandoned houses and places of worship. The author pointed out the presence of products testifying to the tradition of making leadzoomorphic helper spirits and the rite of substitution of spirits, the use of cold weapons in the ritual practice, the custom of creating ittarmafigures as a receptacle for the soul of the deceased people with an anthropomorphic core, wooden for the Mansi and lead for the Khanty, cult attributes confirming the presence of the cult of Heavenly Horseman. The presence of cult attributes—sacrificial mantle and “heroic helmet”—confirm the cult of Heavenly Horseman. The heroic helmet is interesting due to the inclusion of a new plot—the image of a bird and the sun, the presence of an inner pocket with 7 coins of the 1920s in it, which testifies to the presence of a solar cult and worship of ancestors presented as a bird. Numerous sacral examples prove stability of a fishing cult with the indigenous population.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130712269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Evidence on the Chronology of Sites of the Baraba Neolithic Culture","authors":"V. Molodin, L. Mylnikova, M. S. Nesterova, L. S. Kobeleva, D. Nenakhov, E. Parkhomchuk, S. Reinhold, A. Petrozhitsky, V. Parkhomchuk, S. A. Rastigeev","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.157-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.157-166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133208902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Study of Traces on Bone Retouchers from the Chagyrskaya Cave Using a Profi lometer","authors":"A. Koliasnikova, P.V. Chistiakov, A. Kolyasnikova","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0154-0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0154-0160","url":null,"abstract":"Bone retouchers were used by ancient humans in stone tool working. They were made mainly of the bones of prey animals. Retouchers are most characteristic of the Neanderalian bone tool collections, but they are also found in other cultural and chronological contexts at all stages of the Stone Age in Eurasia and beyond. Research on bone retouchers has been carried out for over a century using many different methods. Use-wear signs on bone retouchers are usually studied through a microscope with a magnification of up to x50 and are classified according to morphological characteristics. Most often the size of retouchers and their working zones are measured, but not the size of a single sign. Today, there are several classifications of use-wear traces on bone retouchers identifying from two to four types of marks. This paper presents the results of a morphometric study of the most widespread and recognized by most researchers category of marks on retouchers -short linear impressions with a V-shaped or trapezoidal profile using high-precision three-dimensional modeling methods. A high-precision three-dimensional structured light scanner and a three-dimensional surface profilometer were used to analyze traces on the surface of retouchers at the micro level. We measured the length, width, depth and angles of single, non-overlapping traces on the working areas of retouchers from the Chagyrskaya Cave. As a result, the average size of such traces with various exhaustion rates and their inclination angle in the cross-section view were determined. The dimensions of the marks on retouchers of Chagyrskaya Cave were compared with those on retouchers from other Middle Paleolithic sites previously published by other researchers.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130934384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palynological Evidence of Cultivated Grain Crops at the Archaeological Site of Kurteke (Tajikistan)","authors":"S. Zhilich, S. Shnaider, N. Rudaya","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.388-395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.388-395","url":null,"abstract":"История появления и распространения культурных злаков – один из дискуссионных вопросов в современной археологии. Что касается Центральной Азии, то имеются данные по нескольким археологическим объектам с равнинных территорий региона. В этом отношении Восточный Памир представляет собой «белое пятно». Активное изучение этого региона проводилось в 1950–1980-х гг., а наиболее детальные реконструкции имеются по средневековому городищу Базар-Дара. Тогда предполагалось, что в регионе было возможно выращивание пшеницы, ржи, бобовых и ячменя. При этом только последний сейчас может произрастать на высоте ок. 4000 м над ур. м. В данной статье приводятся результаты палинологического изучения многослойного памятника Куртеке (абсолютная высота – 3980 м над ур. м.). По спорово-пыльцевому спектру из верхней части разреза (предположительно датированному временем ок. 3,5–2 (1,5) тыс. л.н.) реконструированы сухие полынные степи и ксерофильные растительные сообщества шиблякового типа – редколесья из кустарников и низкорослых деревьев фисташки, бухарского миндаля и граната. В образце присутствует пыльца злаков (12 % от всей пыльцы), 2/3 из которых можно отнести к культурным видам (предположительно просо обыкновенное и просо итальянское). Таким образом, полученные палинологические данные позволяют предположить существование земледелия в экстремально высокогорных районах. Безусловно, дальнейшее исследование памятника Куртеке должно позволить выявить весь земледельческий комплекс.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134137223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproduction of the Ethnicity of the Kumandins of Biysk (Based on the Materials of the Ethno-Sociological Survey)","authors":"V. Nikolaev","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0822-0826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0822-0826","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the attribution of the Kumandins to the status of indigenous minorities and the measures taken to support indigenous cultures. The Kumandins are the leaders of the social and political movement in Altai among the indigenous peoples. The source base of the study was the materials of an ethno-sociological survey conducted in 2016 in Biysk, Altai Territory. The ethno-sociological survey was conducted using the method of a structured interview. The Kumandins are focused on solidarity in solving their problems at the level of public organizations. They lack a pronounced leader. They entrust the representation of their interests to the Altai Regional Public Organization “Association of the Kumandins of Altai”. The assimilation and small number of the Kumandins determine their interest in state support and its necessity. The Kumandins spoke in favor of providing social privileges for education, housing, land, medicine, etc., as well as privileges for the revival of the language and traditional way of life who participated in the ethno-sociological survey. In reality, some of these privileges should be provided in accordance with the legislation. At the regional level, there are problems with the practical implementation of laws. The Kumandins of Biysk pay attention to the non-working legislation in support for the indigenous population. The majority of the Kumandins assess positively the changes that have occurred since they were granted the status of indigenous minorities. During the conducted ethno-sociological survey, a wide range of problems of the modern Kumandin community was identified: unemployment and job loss, low income, alcoholism, high cost of living, housing, access to education, as well as loss of language, non-working legislation, disunity of the people, disappearance of the people, loss of traditions, lack of national schools and kindergartens.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132158191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anastasians of Novosibirsk Region: Culture of the Settlements","authors":"I. V. Oktyabrskaya, E. M. Chirkina","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.726-730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.726-730","url":null,"abstract":"Статья посвящена анастасийцам – новому религиозному движению славянского неоязыческого толка, которое представлено в Новосибирской обл. несколькими поселениями. Происхождение движения связано с авторским, мифотворческим по своему содержанию, литературным произведением «Анастасия» В. Мегре. Первая книга стала частью серии «Звенящие кедры России». В настоящее время движение имеет общероссийский характер и представлено за рубежом. В целом в стране насчитывается 430 поселений, по миру – ок. 517. В 2012 г. на основе движения зарегистрирована политическая партия «Родная партия». Программное значение для партии и движения анастасийцев имеет изложенная в первой книге В. Мегре (1996 г.) и в последовавшей за ней серии «Звенящие кедры России» концепция родовых поместий как новой формы сельского поселения. Родовое поместье представляет собой участок земли площадью не менее 1 га, который предназначен для проживания одной семьи. На территории родового поместья должен быть ряд обязательных объектов: дом, лесная зона, сад, огород, пасека, водоем, живая изгородь. Несколько расположенных рядом поместий образуют поселение родовых поместий. Уклад жизни в поместье характеризуется следующими базовыми принципами: экологизм, инициативность, самоорганизация, самообеспечение и автономность, солидарность и взаимопомощь. Основные формы деятельности и жизнеобеспечения анастасийцев – производство сельскохозяйственных продуктов, сбор дикоросов, ремесленничество, туризм, фестивальные проекты, удаленная работа и пр. Все действующие поселения находятся на разном уровне становления и развития. В их устройстве реализована единая культурная модель, ориентированная на идею мифологизированного единства человека и природы. При этом известны примеры эффективности родовых поместий, которые имеют перспективы роста. Являясь новой формой сельского поселения, программы родовых поместий в ряде областей России рассматриваются как опыт возрождения заброшенных деревень и территорий в сельской местности.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131978582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Arrowheads from the Outskirts of Issyk-Kul and Batken in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Y. Khudyakov, A. Borisenko, O. Soltobaev","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.631-634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.631-634","url":null,"abstract":"В статье анализируются железные черешковые плоские наконечники стрел, найденные на территории Кыргызстана. Некоторые из них в настоящее время хранятся в собрании частного музея «Раритет» в г. Бишкеке. Большинство данных находок происходит из окрестностей оз. Иссык-Куль в северо-восточной части Кыргызской Республики. Еще один железный наконечник стрелы с плоским в сечении пером, удлиненно-ромбической формы был найден в районе Баткена в южном районе Кыргызстана. Два плоских железных черешковых наконечника удлиненно-ромбической формы из состава рассматриваемой коллекции в предшествующие годы были обнаружены в окрестностях современного села Джаркумбаево, которое расположено в восточной части котловины оз. Иссык-Куль. В данной статье прослеживаются основные события, относящиеся к истории изучения различных типов кыргызских предметов вооружения дистанционного боя, в т.ч. железных черешковых наконечников стрел с плоским в сечении пером, которые находились на вооружении у кыргызских воинов в горах Тянь-Шаня и на территории Семиречья, в пределах территории Республики Кыргызстан. Согласно высказанным ранее предположениям, подобные железные плоские наконечники стрел аналогичных форм в историческом прошлом применялись кыргызскими воинами в течение нескольких столетий в ходе исторического периода позднего Средневековья и начального этапа Нового времени.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128100178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Image of a Horse in the Shamanic Attributes of the Khakas (Late 19th to Mid-20th Century)","authors":"V. A. Burnakov","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0775-0780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0775-0780","url":null,"abstract":"Horse is a domestic animal of great importance in the economic life and spiritual culture of the Khakas, in particular, in shamanism. In the Khakas ethnography, the question of the meaning of the horse in the ritual practice of the shamans remains little studied. Due to this, the purpose of this article is to characterize the image of a horse in the shamanic attributes of the Khakas. The chronological framework of the work covers the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. The choice of such time limits is determined by the state of the database of sources on the research topic. The main sources are ethnographic and folklore materials. The work is based on the methodological principle of historicism. Historical and ethnographic methods are used: relict and semantic analysis. In the course of the study, it was determined that the horse and its image had one of the main places in the attributes of the Khakas shamans. In particular, the image of this animal was presented in the key cult items, such as a tambourine (tyyr), a rod (orba), and a costume (hamdykh/hamnyg kip). It was found out that, in the traditional beliefs of shamanists, the image of a horse was endowed with a special aura of sacredness. It was associated with the idea of a chula — the soul of a shaman in the guise of a horse. It was revealed that the shaman’s tambourine, covered with the skin of this ungulate, symbolized the mount on which kam traveled during his mysteries. It is shown that the ritual use of the tambourine by the shaman was preceded by a sacred act of its revival and introduction into the ritual sphere. It was determined that it was customary to depict horses and horsemen on tambourines, who personified the shaman’s spirit assistants and had a significant role in his ritual practice. It is highlighted that the horse symbolism was found on shamanic rods in the form of a protoma. During the shamanistic rituals, it was identified with a mystical steed. It was revealed that the shamanic costume also included elements associated with the image of a horse: bells, metal rattles and horse hair, which performed an auxiliary function in the process of shamanic rituals.","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133314984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the Rock Art Site at the Dzhalinda River in Sretensky District of Zabaikalsky Krai in 2019","authors":"A. Pakhunov, S. V. Alkin, V. Ilyushechkin","doi":"10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.549-555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.549-555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422280,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133605203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}