{"title":"Novel Strategies to Improve CAR-T Cells in Solid Tumors: Mini Review","authors":"M. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i3.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i3.520","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The paper reviews the obstacles that face CAR-T cells in solid tumors and the suggested novel strategies to overcome these obstacles in association with the efficacy as well as the safety profile of CAR-T cell therapy.\u0000Subjects and Methods: This is a systematic review exploring the novel strategies to improve CAR-T cells in solid tumors.\u0000Results: Several strategies have been developed, including: 1) targeting multiple antigens; 2) improving trafficking of CAR-T cells into tumor tissues; 3) Preventing the immunosuppression of TME on CAR-T cells by different approaches such as blocking the recruitment of MDSCs or TAM in TME, saving CAR-T cells viability from exhaustion by blocking negative signals, and enhancement of CAR-T cells persistence activity by blocking PD-1/PDL-1 pathway in TME, 4) designing novel CAR-T cells to prevent the exhaustion; and 5) inducing a self T cells response in the tumor-bearing host to prevent tumor escape and enhance CAR-T cells activity.\u0000Conclusions: Recent researches about CAR-T cells therapy carries new hope for targeting solid tumors.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130019814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awareness of Theatre Team to Radiation Risk From C-Arm During Surgical Procedures: A Case Study of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Nigeria","authors":"Ndubuisi O. Chiaghanam","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.475","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to assess the awareness of the theatre team to radiation risk from C-arm as well as their adherence to radiation protection or safety measures in the study Centre. \u0000Methods: A non-experimental descriptive design was adopted for this study and a well-structured 27 item questionnaire was distributed to 52 members of the surgical theatre: Surgeons, Anesthesiologists, Theatre nurses and Radiographers in the selected hospital. Of this sample, 49 respondents returned their questionnaires. \u0000Results. Results from this study reveal a high level (83.67%) of knowledge of radiation risk from C-arm. A greater percentage of the respondents have an average level of knowledge of radiation protection or safety measures: Surgeons (58.8%), Anesthesiologists (50%), and Theatre Nurses (33.3%). Of this percentage on awareness, only 41.1% of Surgeons, 30% of Anesthesiologists, 16.6% of theatre Nurses adhere to these radiation protection/safety measures. This study further reveals a low level of awareness and use of radiation monitoring devices: Surgeons (29.4%), Anesthesiologists (10%), and Theatre Nurses (8.3%). Also, the study shows that the surgical team spends long periods during surgical procedures: 4 hours (24.48%), 6 hours (20.4%), 12 hours (6.12%), thus increasing their susceptibility to radiation effects. The study further affirms that a lesser percentage of the respondents (44.89%) knew the safest positioning of the radiation-emitting tube, meaning that a greater percentage of the respondents don’t know the safest position to take during beam-on periods. \u0000Conclusion: This study shows a high level of knowledge of radiation risk, an average level of awareness to radiation protection/safety measures and a poor level adherence of these measures by the theater team.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126331885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outcome of pregnant and non-pregnant ladies hospitalized to ICU due to Covid 19 infection in Mosul city","authors":"Hana Abdul-QaderKhuder","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.464","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed to find out whether pregnant women were more likely than non-pregnant women to be hospitalized and had the worse outcome due to COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. \u0000Methods: The study is of cross-sectional design. One hundred and nine pregnant and non-pregnant in child bearing age (16- 49 years) participated in the study. Information about their stay, gestational age, if pregnant,and the presence of medical diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, or other disease were recorded. There was a follow-up regarding the duration of hospital stay, their prognosis, and the mortality rate was taken. \u0000Results: Diseases such as hypertension and the increase in maternal age were prevalent among the women admitted to ICU. This group of participants has the worst outcome. In our study, pregnant ladies needing respiratory support with CPAP bad prognosis since 18 of the 19 pregnant ladies died. \u0000Conclusion: Women of reproductive age with SARS-CoV-2 were shown to be at increased risk of pneumonia and even death. Even with ICU hospitalization, 18 of 19 pregnant ladies who participated in this study and who needed CPAP as respiratory support died. The 17 ladies with hypertension included in our study had the worse outcome regarding hospital stay duration and bad prognosis or even death.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"1749 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129473659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary Studies on the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties of Four Medicinal Plants in Nigeria","authors":"J. Arogbodo, F. O. Igbe, I. Adebayo","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.516","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose: The innumerability of un-researched medicinal plants has occasioned their exceptional and unlimited study. Without a continuous study, the importance and use of many medicinal plants will be spuriously occluded and hence marshal untold limitations to their medicinal value. This research therefore was conducted to unravel the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of Petiveria alliacea L, Hoslundia opposita Vahl, Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, and Solanum erianthum D. Don. \u0000Methods: Standard laboratory procedures were dutifully followed and ensued data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23, 32 and 64 bit. \u0000Results: The four analyzed plants were rich sources of major phytochemicals like: tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. All the plants also demonstrated high antioxidant activity in DPPH, Fe2+ Chelation, FRAP and Peroxides assays. The best antioxidant activity and IC50 values were obtained from S. erianthum which may be attributed to the highest quantity of phenols and flavonoids it contained in comparison to the rest evaluated plant samples. \u0000Conclusion: It was inferred that the observed high antioxidant activity of all the plant samples may be predicable to their plentious quantified phytochemicals. The plants were thenceforth recommended for further study on their acute toxicity (LD50) and with special emphasis on S. erianthum.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125016542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Quality of Care and Patient Satisfaction Using Theranow Telerehabilitation Program Post-THR and TKR Surgeries","authors":"R. Kohli, Ashok Gupta","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i2.508","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the quality of care and satisfaction of patients using a telerehabilitation program after THR and TKR surgeries by checking their NPS\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the 40 patients planned for TKR and/or THR surgeries and participating in TheraNow telerehabilitation program. Net Promoter Score scale was used to assess patient’s satisfaction and the likelihood of recommending TheraNow telerehabilitation program to others. Patients were asked to rate their satisfaction level on a scale of 0-10 after the program, 0 being the least satisfied and 10 being the most. Demographic details of the patients were also recorded.\u0000Results: Out of 40 Patients, 17 (42.5%) were males and 23 (57.5%) were females. The overall mean age of the study population was 65.20+8.41. The maximum number of patients (42.5%) belonged to 61-70 years of age group followed by the 71-80 years of age group (27.5%). The national average NPS score for the healthcare industry is 27 but the average NPS score in our study was 93.\u0000Conclusion: Excellent levels of patient satisfaction with total joint replacement were found and it shows that most patients who have had either a hip or knee replacement would be happy to recommend TheraNow rehabilitation programs in the future. The average NPS score in our study is 93 which is even more than the national average NPS score for the healthcare industry.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116583343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Salman, A. Gamal, Ebeed Yassen Ebrahim, H. Refae
{"title":"A Comparative study between Different Treatment Modalities of Floating Knee injury At Aswan University Hospital","authors":"Mohamed Salman, A. Gamal, Ebeed Yassen Ebrahim, H. Refae","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.345","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed at presenting a comparison between the modalities of treatment different of floating knee injury at Aswan University Hospital.\u0000 Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective study including all of our 20 cases of floating knee injuries who were treated utilizing various treatment modalities at Aswan University Hospital between December 2018 and September 2019 with a follow-up period of 12 months\u0000 Results: Based on the data analysis, nailing is a better modality in floating knee injury (especially with diaphyseal long bone). Moreover, plating is a good choice for distal fractures, the external fixator is considered a choice for limb saving(as in popliteal ischemia, open fractures(OG3), and compartment syndrome).\u0000 Conclusion: Management of floating knee injury is critical as floating knee injury is not like other fractures. Floating knee injuries are serious injuries with a high rate of complications. Besides being caused by high-energy trauma with extensive skeletal and soft tissue damage, they are also associated with potentially life-threatening injuries of the head, chest, and abdomen. There are multiple controversies in surgical management starting from choosing suitable fixation for each patient according to variable conditions. Floating knee injury remains a challenging orthopedic problem in which regaining good knee function outcome is a major concern. Stable osteosynthesis to achieve rigid fixation and early mobilization should always be attempted.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133724449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. Ullah, Mst Farzana Akter, Shahnaj Sultana Sathi, A. Akter
{"title":"Applying an Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Detect Dietary Habits of Breast Cancer Patients in Bangladesh","authors":"M. O. Ullah, Mst Farzana Akter, Shahnaj Sultana Sathi, A. Akter","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.457","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aims to conduct a cross-sectional study to know the association between food habits/lifestyle and breast cancer using an unsupervised machine approach. \u0000Methods: The dataset was collected from the hospitals of eight divisional cities in Bangladesh using a semi-structured questionnaire during January 2019. Descriptive statistical tools and unsupervised machine learning approach- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the data.\u0000Results: Among 73 breast cancer patients out of 384 cancer patients from eight divisions in Bangladesh, 87.67% were housewife, 78.08% and 79.45% of breast cancer patients had no family history of cancer and no other disease before cancer respectively. The highest breast cancer patients were observed in Sylhet division followed by Dhaka and Khulna divisions. It is noted that overall left breast cancer patients are more than right breast. We found that betel-nut, beverages and beef/mutton etc. are high communities, indicates that these food habits are highly associated with breast cancer. Moreover, around 71.23% of the patients can’t bear the cost of treatment.\u0000Conclusion: Taken together, as prevention is better than cure, we should avoid unhealthy and junk foods. In addition, many health education programs in different areas are urgently needed to improve the dietary habits for sustainable livelihood. Government and non-government organizations should take necessary steps to circulate the healthy lifestyle program to improve public health sector. ","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126176793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Elisa Kits Based on Proteomics Technology for Detection and Semi-Quantification of Meat Species Adulteration","authors":"M. M. Ahmed, Walid Nazmy, A. Noureen","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.441","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to develop ELISA kits for the detection of meat species adulteration in raw and processed meat and evaluate its specificity and sensitivity.\u0000Method: We identify the unique peptide markers based on the proteomics approach. Subsequently, we prepared specific antisera for beef, pork, horse, sheep, chicken and developed ELISA kits.\u0000Results: Evaluation of the developed kits in testing crooked reference sample mixtures revealed that the developed ELISA kits showed 100% specificity with no cross-reactivity detected for the non-target species. In terms of sensitivity, the developed ELISA kits were able to consistently detect pork in the sample mixtures and horses at levels down to 5% w/w. Although sheep and chicken were detected at levels as low as 1% w/w. The beef-specific ELISA test showed greater sensitivity.\u0000 \u0000Conclusions: It is concluded that the developed ELISA kits are a promising tool but further studies are still required for validation of the developed kits and comparing its results with the commercially used kits before entry into the production phase.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117306973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adamu Mohammed Saba, M. Abdullahi, Baba John, S. Angulu, James Dogari
{"title":"Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of three Rapid Test Kits Used in the Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) in Public Hospital Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"Adamu Mohammed Saba, M. Abdullahi, Baba John, S. Angulu, James Dogari","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v3i1.437","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The assessment of HIV rapid test kits commonly used was evaluated for optimum performance on the suspected patient. This study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of rapid test kits used in public hospitals in Minna, Niger State. \u0000Methods: A total of 300 gold positive and gold negative samples were analyzed. Three rapid test kits (Determine, Stat-Pak, and Uni-Gold) were tested against gold standard serum using the method provided by the manufacturers of these kits.\u0000Results: Determine kit gave result sensitivity of (100%), specificity (96.5%), while Stat-Pak sensitivity was (99%), specificity (98%) and Uni-Gold sensitivity (100%), specificity (99%). In all Uni-Gold has the highest performance followed by Stat-Pak and lastly, Determine, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). \u0000Conclusion: This evaluation provides evidence for reliable rapid test kits for HIV testing in Nigeria. However, the claim by the manufacturers that their kit was 100% sensitive and 100% specific remains doubtful which may be a market strategy. Therefore, it is pertinent on a routine basis to evaluate the rapid test kits in circulation to re-validate their performance before usage for accurate HIV testing.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunity Boosting Medicinal Plants to Beat Covid -19 in Seraj Block of Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh","authors":"M. Lata, M. Jamali","doi":"10.47631/jsrmbs.v2i4.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v2i4.337","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to document the present status of medicinal plants used to boost the immunity to combat Coronavirus.\u0000Materials and Methods: For the assessment and use of herbs during the Covid 19 pandemic, surveys were conducted in different villages of Seraj block. The surveys were conducted during the spread of the pandemic from 2020 to 2021. Local people were interviewed and information on the utilization of local herbs during this pandemic was recorded. Information on parts used, the procedure of use, habit, habitat, etc. was also collected.\u0000Results: A total of 58 species of medicinal plants from 27 families and 42 genera were documented. Among them, the most dominant family was Rosaceae. Most of the plants such as Morchella sp, Naustratium officinale,Taraxacum officinale ,Urtica dioica ,Allium sp,Withania foraminifera, Curcuma longa, Cannabis, Mentha, Ocimum sanctum are rich in antioxidants and have a wide range of medicinal values used to treat cough, cold, fever, and bronchitis. All these plants were used traditionally to boost immunity. Due to the covid -19 pandemic, the utilization of these herbal plants has increased many folds in the area. These medicinal plants should be made available to scientists to design clinical trials. Integration of this concept would certainly develop drug therapy in the near future.\u0000 Conclusion: The study found that the use of medicinal plants has increased during COVID-19 and most of the respondents recommended medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19 and to boost immunity. More studies should be conducted to develop certain formulations.","PeriodicalId":422270,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127400470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}