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The utilization bound of static-priority preemptive partitioned multiprocessor scheduling is 50% 静态优先级抢占式分区多处理器调度的利用率上限为50%
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0107
Björn Andersson
{"title":"The utilization bound of static-priority preemptive partitioned multiprocessor scheduling is 50%","authors":"Björn Andersson","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies static-priority preemptive scheduling on a multiprocessor using partitioned scheduling. We propose a new scheduling algorithm and prove that if the proposed algorithm is used and if less than 50% of the capacity is requested then all deadlines are met. It is known that for every static-priority multiprocessor scheduling algorithm, there is a task set that misses a deadline although the requested capacity is arbitrary close to 50%.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A unified analysis of global EDF and fixed-task-priority schedulability of sporadic task systems on multiprocessors 多处理机上零星任务系统的全局EDF和固定任务优先级可调度性的统一分析
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0108
T. Baker, M. Cirinei
{"title":"A unified analysis of global EDF and fixed-task-priority schedulability of sporadic task systems on multiprocessors","authors":"T. Baker, M. Cirinei","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0108","url":null,"abstract":"Fixed-task-priority (FTP) scheduling and earliest-deadline-first (EDF) scheduling policies are alike in fixing the priority of each job of a task at the time the job is released. This common feature of FTP and EDF scheduling permits a unified analysis of scheduling failures, to derive new sufficient tests for meeting all deadlines of a set of independent sporadic tasks under a global preemptive FTP or EDF scheduling policy. The performance of the new tests has been evaluated in comparison to prior schedulability tests, by simulation. The new tests are able to verify some schedulable task systems that could not be verified by prior tests, but also fail to verify some systems that can be verified by prior analysis techniques. The biggest gain appears to be for fixed-task-priority scheduling, especially with post-period deadlines.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
GEDS: GPU execution of spatio-temporal queries over spatio-temporal data streams GEDS:在时空数据流上执行时空查询的GPU
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2012-0112
Jonathan M. Cazalas, R. Guha
{"title":"GEDS: GPU execution of spatio-temporal queries over spatio-temporal data streams","authors":"Jonathan M. Cazalas, R. Guha","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2012-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2012-0112","url":null,"abstract":"Much research exists for the efficient processing of spatio-temporal data streams. However, all methods ultimately rely on an ill-equipped processor [22], namely a CPU, to evaluate concurrent, continuous spatio-temporal queries over these data streams. This paper presents GEDS, a scalable, Graphics Processing Unit GPU-based framework for the evaluation of continuous queries over spatio-temporal data streams. Specifically, GEDS employs the computation sharing and parallel processing paradigms to deliver scalability in the evaluation of continuous, spatio-temporal range queries and continuous, spatio-temporal kNN queries. The GEDS framework utilizes the parallel processing capability of the GPU, a stream processor by trade, to handle the computation required in this application. Experimental evaluation shows promising performance and shows the scalability and efficacy of GEDS in spatio-temporal data streaming environments. Additional performance studies demonstrate that, even in light of the costs associated with memory transfers, the parallel processing power provided by GEDS clearly counters and outweighs any associated costs.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128856728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parallelization of multimedia applications on the multi-level computing architecture 多媒体应用在多层次计算体系结构上的并行化
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2012-0110
U. Aydonat, T. Abdelrahman
{"title":"Parallelization of multimedia applications on the multi-level computing architecture","authors":"U. Aydonat, T. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2012-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2012-0110","url":null,"abstract":"The Multi-Level Computing Architecture MLCA is a novel parallel System-on-a-Chip architecture targeted for multimedia applications. It features a top level controller that automatically extracts task level parallelism using techniques similar to how instruction level parallelism is extracted by superscalar processors. This allows the MLCA to support a simple programming model that is similar to sequential programming. In order to assist programmers to easily and efficiently port multimedia applications to the MLCA programming model, a compilation environment is designed. This compilation environment enhances parallelism in MLCA programs by applying three simple code transformations that are based on known compiler optimizations. In this paper, we describe the MLCA architecture, its programming model, its compilation environment and an evaluation of its performance. Our experimental evaluation with three real multimedia applications and an MLCA simulator shows that the MLCA is a viable architecture and scaling speedups can be obtained using the compilation environment with little programmer effort.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127423544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Execution characteristics of embedded applications on a Pentium 4-based personal computer 基于Pentium 4的个人计算机上嵌入式应用程序的执行特性
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2012-0111
P. Nair, D. Kudithipudi, E. John, F. Hudson
{"title":"Execution characteristics of embedded applications on a Pentium 4-based personal computer","authors":"P. Nair, D. Kudithipudi, E. John, F. Hudson","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2012-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2012-0111","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis and evaluation of the speed performance of personal computers for various classes of applications continues to be an important area of research. One such class of applications is that of embedded applications. Embedded applications such as VOIP, streaming video and image processing software etc. are used significantly in the personal computer domain. In this paper, we analyze the execution characteristics of a subset of widely used embedded applications on a general personal computer based on the Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor. It was observed that, for most of the applications chosen here, the combination of lower trace cache hit rates and lower L1 cache load hit rates may have a more adverse impact on the performance of this machine when compared to other parameters such as L2 cache load hit rates, branch prediction rates, etc. The overall L2 cache load hit rates, branch prediction rates and TLB hit rates were found to be fairly high. Hardware improvements over the trace cache and L1 cache structures of the chosen machine could help improve performance for many of these applications.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125695373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automatic generation of safe handlers for multi-task systems 多任务系统安全处理程序的自动生成
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0097
É. Rutten, H. Marchand
{"title":"Automatic generation of safe handlers for multi-task systems","authors":"É. Rutten, H. Marchand","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0097","url":null,"abstract":"We are interested in the programming of real-time embedded control systems, such as in robotic, automotive or avionic systems. They are designed with multiple tasks, each with multiple modes. It is complex to design task handlers that control the switching of activities in order to insure safety properties of the global system. We propose a model of tasks in terms of transition systems, designed especially with the purpose of applying existing discrete controller synthesis techniques. This provides us with a systematic methodology, for the automatic generation of safe task handlers, with the support of synchronous languages and associated tools.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130391071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Performance considerations of embedded computations in distributed databases 分布式数据库中嵌入式计算的性能考虑
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0099
M. Hasegawa, S. Bhalla, L. Yang
{"title":"Performance considerations of embedded computations in distributed databases","authors":"M. Hasegawa, S. Bhalla, L. Yang","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0099","url":null,"abstract":"In many applications using database systems, the conventional method of transaction processing can not be used. This is on account of lack of integration and existence of centralized solutions. Such situations exist within heterogeneous systems, mobile database transactions and time-critical applications requiring admission on priority for a select group of transactions. For example, in conventional methods, the deadlock detection is based on use of delay to cause and watch deadlocks. It generates many difficulties, such as, (a) high overheads of periodic checking (b) Non-deterministic nature of the delays, and (c) difficulties to scale-up the centralized solutions. The existing proposal lacks in local processing for distributed transactions. The proposed technique uses normal message communication among peers. The proposal leads to enhanced role for resource sites. The proposal introduces asynchronous operations in transaction processing. As a result the detection processes do not wait for occurrences of time-outs delays. In most cases the technique eliminates the possibility of occurrence of waiting delays.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115078222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online energy-saving algorithm for sensor networks in dynamic changing environments 动态变化环境下传感器网络的在线节能算法
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0100
Meikang Qiu, Min Chen, Meiqin Liu, Shaobo Liu, Jiayin Li, Xue Liu, Yongxin Zhu
{"title":"Online energy-saving algorithm for sensor networks in dynamic changing environments","authors":"Meikang Qiu, Min Chen, Meiqin Liu, Shaobo Liu, Jiayin Li, Xue Liu, Yongxin Zhu","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0100","url":null,"abstract":"How to save energy is a critical issue for the life time of sensor networks. Under continuously changing environments, sensor nodes have varying sampling rates. In this paper, we present an online algorithm to minimize the total energy consumption while satisfying sampling rate with guaranteed probability. We model the sampling rate as a random variable, which is estimated over a finite time window. An efficient algorithm, EOSP (Energy-aware Online algorithm to satisfy Sampling rates with guaranteed Probability), is proposed. Our approach can adapt the architecture accordingly to save energy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121249819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Embedded software energy characterization: Using non-intrusive measures for application source code annotation 嵌入式软件能量表征:对应用程序源代码注释使用非侵入性措施
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0090
Nicolas Fournel, A. Fraboulet, P. Feautrier
{"title":"Embedded software energy characterization: Using non-intrusive measures for application source code annotation","authors":"Nicolas Fournel, A. Fraboulet, P. Feautrier","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0090","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a complete system energy model based on non-intrusive measurements. This model aims at being integrated in fast cycle accurate simulation tools to give energy consumption feedback for embedded systems software programming. Estimations take into account the whole system consumption including peripherals. Experiments on a complex ARM9 platform show that our model estimates are in error by less than 10% from real system consumption, which is precise enough for source code application design, while simulation speed remains fast.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126524941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Energy simulation of embedded XScale systems with XEEMU 基于XEEMU的嵌入式XScale系统能量仿真
J. Embed. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.3233/JEC-2009-0093
Zoltán Herczeg, Daniel Schmidt, Ákos Kiss, N. Wehn, T. Gyimóthy
{"title":"Energy simulation of embedded XScale systems with XEEMU","authors":"Zoltán Herczeg, Daniel Schmidt, Ákos Kiss, N. Wehn, T. Gyimóthy","doi":"10.3233/JEC-2009-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JEC-2009-0093","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency is key in embedded system design. Understanding the complex issue of software power consumption in early design phases is of extreme importance to make the right design decisions. Here, not only the CPU but also the external memory plays a very important role. Power simulators offer flexibility and allow a detailed view on the sources of power consumption. However, many simulators lack accuracy and focus only on the CPU core without considering the memory subsystem. In this paper, we present XEEMU, a fast, cycle-accurate simulator, which aims at accurately simulating the power consumption of an XScale-based system including its memory subsystem. It has been validated using measurements on real hardware and shows a high accuracy for runtime, instantaneous power, and total energy consumption estimation. The average error is as low as 3.0% and 1.6% for runtime and CPU energy consumption estimation, respectively.","PeriodicalId":422048,"journal":{"name":"J. Embed. Comput.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129041780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
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