{"title":"Poor Things, Vile Things","authors":"L. Shannon","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers Shakespeare’s comedies as they approach human being comparatively, as a species or ‘kind’. While evidence can readily be found supporting a sense of human privilege, perhaps surprisingly we also find human negative exceptionalism—a sense that humans are uniquely weak among creatures and fundamentally at sea in the cosmos: ‘poor things’. This chapter draws on natural-historical thought (from Pliny’s Historia naturalis to Darwin’s Descent of Man) to consider Shakespeare’s comedy as a taxonomic project in its own right, working with The Winter’s Tale, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, and the Induction to The Taming of the Shrew. Shakespeare’s ‘comedy of kinds’ sets up what we might call calamities of exposure, and it answers by exploring the terms of entry into what we should call the human fold; comic community, in other words, figures species membership itself.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115052996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Architecture of Shakespearean Comedy","authors":"A. M. Myers","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Shakespearean comedies evoke and confound associations between female interiority and domestic space. Drawing on The Merry Wives of Windsor, Much Ado about Nothing, The Comedy of Errors, and The Taming of the Shrew, I show how characters expect access to domestic space to reveal incontrovertible truths about female bodies and minds. These assumptions, however, are foiled, as architecture is more often associated with confusion and obfuscation than with the acquisition of knowledge. Moreover, Shakespeare presents the domestic scene as a scene, a site for the mastery and performance of roles, rather than the expression of genuine human desires. In this way, the presentation of domestic architecture undercuts the conventions of the comic marriage plot. At the same time, though, these plays reveal that within the strictures of a particular social world, the successful domestic performance is a matter of life and death.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"625 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115106927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water Memory and the Art of Preserving","authors":"J. Sanders","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"‘Water memory’ was a phrase coined in the late twentieth century to refer to the supposed ability of water to retain a memory of previously dissolved substances even after numerous dilutions. Though now a disproven scientific theory, ‘water memory’ is, as metaphor, a powerful conceptual tool for understanding Shakespeare’s comedies and their engagement with cultures of memory. Plays such as The Comedy of Errors, Twelfth Night, and All’s Well That Ends Well presage later dramas in the canon, including Pericles and The Winter’s Tale, with their narratives of grief, remembrance and preservation. This essay considers these topics in relation to everyday household practices of pickling and preserving foodstuffs and the deeper traces of customary practice and religious rite in post-Reformation England.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comedy on the Boards","authors":"Erika T. Lin","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198727682.013.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198727682.013.27","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines some of the techniques by which the early modern theatre invited its audiences into the shared production of stage space. It focuses in particular on the ways in which Shakespeare’s comedies ask spectators to see across, within, and through physical barriers, enabling the pleasurable transgression of both social and corporeal boundaries. Looking at early modern theories of visual perception, it provides a historical context for some of Shakespeare’s most compelling strategies for imagining comic space, including the ‘lock-out’ scene in The Comedy of Errors, the parodic use of a character to play ‘Wall’ in Midsummer Night’s Dream, and the use of a ‘dark house’ to imprison Malvolio in Twelfth Night. It concludes by analysing contemporary performances of the comedies against more recent notions of sight and spectatorship, suggesting that comedy tends to invert the visual regimes dominant in any given period.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129495376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encountering the Present I","authors":"K. Melnikoff","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout his life, Shakespeare was undoubtedly a voracious reader, and in his early London days, he must have spent a good deal of his time in the city’s many bookshops. There, short of either coin or credit, he would have been able to browse the latest publications and keep abreast of the hottest sellers. Taking the early 1590s book market as its point of origin, this chapter tracks the impact of new and popular fiction like Nashe’s Pierce Penniless, Greene’s coney-catching pamphlets, and Greene’s runaway bestseller A Quip for an Upstart Courtier on The Comedy of Errors and The Taming of the Shrew. Concerned with substantive allusions along with shared themes, language, and characterization, it pays particular attention to moments of ‘encounter’ when these comedies engage deliberately with these ubiquitous titles.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128255776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Laws of Comedy","authors":"C. Sale","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198727682.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198727682.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the pleasure of Shakespeare’s comedy for early modern audiences derived from its invitation to them to understand the English common law as a law of ‘common reason’ arising from the people in their aggregate. The Comedy of Errors appeals to the audience to construe the ‘errors’ of the law in order to affirm the collective rationality of audiences as law-maker, while The Merchant of Venice’s trial scene affirms the importance of the ideals of common law jurisprudence by showing them abused. And in Measure for Measure’s extended spectacle of judicial authority in Act 5, the audience experiences the importance of the common law as a ‘discoursive’ phenomenon dependent upon the participation of the community for its vitality. Together the plays put audiences into active relation to law as it appeals to them as the common law’s makers.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116127089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shakespearean Comedy and the Early Modern Marketplace","authors":"A. Bailey","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"Far from being a well-regulated, predictable totality, the early modern English economy defied reliable oversight. Measure for Measure charts the unpredictable flow of goods, services, bodies, and information. This essay considers how our understanding of early modern comic form as driven by the compensatory logic of payment in kind is connected to perceptions of the early modern economy as itself limited to a series of exchanges that establishes the equivalence of two values. While comic closure ensures restitution, the genre simultaneously refuses to adhere to its own reparative logic. Measure for Measure elaborates an alternative means of achieving satisfaction via participation in a sympathetic system. In the place of economic rationality, we are confronted with the unknowability of diffuse and productive forces that prime, incite, and orient (and disorient) people.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shakespearean Comedy on Screen","authors":"D. Lanier","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"The cinematic medium is not immediately conducive to Shakespearean comedy. Issues of medium, frames of reference, and cultural politics pose challenges for Shakespearean comedy on film. Much of Shakespearean comedy is language-driven, whereas mainstream film tends to privilege the visual; the historically or culturally specific references or assumptions upon which much Shakespearean humour depends does not easily square with the contemporary frames of reference of much film comedy; because of the politics, it is difficult to treat plays like The Taming of the Shrew as straightforward film comedies without the risk of alienating portions of the target audience. This chapter surveys a number of strategies filmmakers have adopted to meet these and other challenges of transposing Shakespearean comedy to film. The chapter addresses not only so-called ‘faithful adaptations’, but also ‘free adaptations’, arguing that the latter tend to illuminate particularly well the challenges of translating Shakespearean comedy to the screen.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129628745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comedy and Eros","authors":"J. Haber","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198727682.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198727682.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the complex, destabilizing power of desire and erotic attachment in Shakespeare’s comedies, examining same-sex as well as heterosexual couplings. It considers the various forms—social, literary, and linguistic—through with eroticism is ‘comprehended’ (in all senses of the word) in the plays, including the form of comedy itself; it questions to what extent these forms are presented as adequate to contain the disruptive or amorphous desires within them. Particular attention is therefore given to the ends of plays and to issues of erotic satisfaction and closure. Focusing on formal as well as thematic and characterological expressions of eroticism allows us to complicate earlier critical assessments of such plays as The Taming of the Shrew and Twelfth Night, both of which are examined in detail here. Brief analyses are also provided of The Two Gentlemen of Verona, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Much Ado about Nothing.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130636156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encountering the Past I","authors":"R. Miola","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198727682.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"Commentators have long noted Shakespeare’s indebtedness to New Comedy throughout his career. Passages and plays of Plautus and Terence contributed characters, configurations, plots, and dramatic devices to Shakespeare, who transformed them into new creations. But classical comedy depicted also human lust, folly, and vice, especially as read by later Christian generations. Three points of dissonance between classical comedy and Christian reading claim our attention as Shakespeare refigures New Comedic rage, prostitution, and rape in his comedies. In Shakespeare’s receptions the rage of the senex iratus, ‘angry old man’, becomes variously expressed and interrogated, wholly integrated into the thematic and moral schemes of his plays. Comedic prostitution supplies Shakespeare’s depictions of gender conflicts and becomes a central and pervasive metaphor for the human condition in Troilus and Cressida. Finally, Shakespeare transforms New Comedic rape in a number of plays, rewriting the ancient paradigm to disempower the men and empower the women.","PeriodicalId":421471,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130679189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}