{"title":"Niñas y niños vigilados. La preparación para la sexualidad en Colombia y España en la primera mitad del siglo XX, por Federico Guillermo Serrano López","authors":"José Benito Seoane Cegarra","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.35957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.35957","url":null,"abstract":"Reseña del libro FEDERICO GUILLERMO SERRANO LÓPEZ. Niñas y niños vigilados. La preparación para la sexualidad en Colombia y España en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Madrid: UNED y Universidad del Norte, 2022","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42106701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dreaming of distant lands. How Fascism built colonial women (1937-1941)","authors":"Antonella Cagnolati","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.33727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.33727","url":null,"abstract":"When they seized power in 1922, the Fascists adopted a patriarchal stance regarding women. Adopting the pronatalist theories of Riccardo Korherr, Federico Marconcini and Ferdinando Loffredo, Fascism became a staunch defender of demographic policies relegating women exclusively to the role of wife and mother, mere breeding machines whose only job was to increase the number of Italians for the war effort and to drive colonial expansion in order to keep up with the other European nations. As a consequence of the war for the conquest of empire in East Africa, a population management strategy was conceived in which young women would be sent to produce families to re-populate Ethiopia in the name of the Fascist state. Accordingly, it became necessary to develop a different model for educating young women, to actively equip them for their new lives in Africa. With this in mind, the Fascist leadership exploited women’s Fascist associations, drawing up national curricula for standardized training of these before sending them off to Africa.This investigation explores the contemporary press such as L’Azione Coloniale and the training manual used in the courses preparing women for life in the African colonies. The objective was to understand whether the change in the educational policy devised for a group of young women, chosen for convenience, may have modified the overall image of women on a symbolic level in the last years of the regime.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42635298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Australian women educators’ internal exile and banishment in a centralised patriarchal state school system","authors":"Kay Whitehead","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.33121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.33121","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores Australian women teachers’ struggles for equality with men from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. While Australia purported to be a progressive democratic nation, centralised patriarchal state school systems relied on women teachers to fulfil the requirements of free, compulsory and secular schooling. This study focuses on the state of South Australia where women were enfranchised in 1894, far ahead of European countries. However, women teachers were subjected to internal exile in the state school system, and banished by the marriage bar. The article begins with the construction of the South Australian state school system in the late nineteenth century. The enforcement of the marriage bar created a differentiated profession of many young single women who taught prior to marriage; a few married women who required an income; and a cohort of senior single women who made teaching a life-long career and contested other forms of subordination to which all women teachers were subject. Led by the latter group, South Australian women teachers pursued equality in early twentieth century mixed teachers unions and post-suffrage women’s organisations; and established the Women Teachers Guild in 1937 to secure more equal conditions of employment. The paper concludes with the situation after World War Two when married women were re admitted to the state school system to resolve teacher shortages; and campaigns for equal pay gathered momentum. In South Australia, the marriage bar was eventually removed in 1972.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48453804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"«Saberes, instituciones y expertos corporales. El caso del Tercer Congreso Panamericano de Educación Física, Uruguay, 1950","authors":"Paola Dogliotti, P. Scharagrodsky","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.31913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.31913","url":null,"abstract":"El siguiente trabajo analiza, a partir de una perspectiva socio-histórica con énfasis en la historia social de los saberes y expertos, el III Congreso Panamericano de Educación Física realizado en Uruguay en 1950. Focaliza la indagación en los saberes transmitidos, la función de los expertos y el papel de las instituciones en el congreso. Entre las conclusiones se identifican tres grandes problematizaciones que fortalecieron la legitimidad y «cientificidad» de la disciplina educativa, delineando ciertos tipos de intervención a la hora de educar y curar a los cuerpos en movimiento. Una reforzó la relación entre educación física y educación, otra abordó diversos sentidos sobre como conceptualizar a la educación física «femenina» y otra consolidó uno de los grandes mandatos de la disciplina educativa: la medición corporal. En la circulación de estos problemas y saberes; los expertos y las instituciones deportivas y sanitarias tuvieron un papel fundamental.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43164354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La dictadura del silencio. Las víctimas de la Guerra Civil y el franquismo en los libros de secundaria y bachillerato","authors":"Isabel Escobedo Muguerza","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.30613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.30613","url":null,"abstract":"Desde sus inicios, la dictadura franquista desarrolló una política de la memoria que procuró, por todos los medios, demonizar y hacer desaparecer después, el recuerdo de la Segunda República, enterrando con él a todas las víctimas de la Guerra Civil y, por supuesto, de la propia dictadura. Aunque puede parecer sorprendente, más de cuarenta años después, partes de este discurso transmitido sobre la Segunda República, la guerra civil y la represión franquista, siguen estando presentes no solo entre aquellas generaciones que fueron educadas en las instituciones franquistas y sus hijos, sino en los libros de texto escolares que en la actualidad se usan en los institutos. Este hecho nos revela que, a pesar de que en las últimas décadas se han llevado a cabo numerosas investigaciones especializadas sobre este período, las ideas y conclusiones extraídas de las mismas no han calado en los textos escolares, lo que supone un gran impedimento para la transmisión de estos conocimientos al resto de la sociedad. En este sentido, se pretende, mediante el análisis de un buen número de libros de texto de diferentes editoriales, explorar la proporción destinada a este período histórico en relación con el resto de contenidos; los aspectos sobre los que más inciden los libros de texto, frente a aquellos silenciados u ocultados y, por último, la visión que se plantea en los mismos sobre las víctimas de la Guerra Civil y del franquismo.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Los armarios vacíos, por Annie Ernaux","authors":"Juan Luis Rubio Mayoral","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.35659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.35659","url":null,"abstract":"Reseña del libro Los armarios vacíos, by Annie Ernaux","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Escuela Normal de Oaxaca. An approach to the history of teacher training in Southern México, 1890-1937","authors":"Daniela Traffano","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.28812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.28812","url":null,"abstract":"Al iniciar su devenir como nación independiente, México hizo de la educación uno de sus objetivos centrales en la meta de integrar a una sociedad heterogénea. En el estado de Oaxaca, estas intenciones llevaron a múltiples iniciativas y legislaciones que buscaron formar preceptores que llevaran la ilustración a todos los rincones de su agreste geografía; los planes chocaron casi siempre con la bancarrota de la administración y con múltiples conflictos políticos que impidieron la cristalización del esfuerzo. El presente trabajo analiza el periodo más estable de este complejo proceso, el que inicia en 1890 y concluye en un periodo turbulento, luego de los reacomodos revolucionarios, en 1937, cuando la entidad cedió la responsabilidad educativa a la federación.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insider and Outsider, Community and Conflict: Elizabeth Cecil Wilson’s transnational experiences as a Progressive American woman educator","authors":"Kate Rousmaniere","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.32543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.32543","url":null,"abstract":"This essay takes a feminist educational biographical approach to the transnational life and work of the American educator Elizabeth Cecil Wilson (1913-1994). Central to this interpretation is the way in which Wilson’s life exemplifies the concept of “internal exile” as a result of her transnational movements in China, Korea, and the United States. Wilson’s early experiences with internationalism, all-women’s education and American progressive education shaped her interpretation of her later work in educational administration, leading her to develop a unique perspective about being both an “insider” and an “outsider” in her world. Raised in a variety of close and strongly identified communities, in her later professional life she experienced a sense of isolation and displacement in the structured hierarchical environments of international organizations and American state school systems. Late in life, she articulated this challenge in feminism when she argued for women’s inclusion in formal educational leadership.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48757304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Política educativa y construcciones escolares en el Distrito de La Victoria (Perú) durante el gobierno de Odría, 1948-1956","authors":"Juan Marcos Martinez Mendoza","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.32051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.32051","url":null,"abstract":"El gobierno de Manuel A. Odría (1948-1956) es recordado en el Perú como uno de los que mejor tendió el problema de la falta de planteles escolares durante el siglo XX; sin embargo, en la construcción de una visión general de su obra educativa, se ha omitido hablar sobre ciertos temas como el descuido del régimen hacia las escuelas primarias, los efectos que tuvieron las primeras migraciones intensas —del campo a la ciudad— sobre los planteles de la capital y los críticos años finales que mermaron la obra educativa del gobierno.\u0000En el presente artículo se busca dar una mirada general de la política educativa de Odría, haciendo hincapié en las construcciones escolares, para lo cual se ha tomado como escenario de estudio el distrito capitalino de La Victoria. Mediante el estudio de documentos oficiales e información extraída de la prensa, se da cuenta de que el gobierno tuvo una preferencia por la educación secundaria y técnica que terminó afectando a la construcción de escuelas; y que a partir de 1953 la obra educativa de Odría mermó debido a factores políticos, económicos y sociales.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44870512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Entre el éxito profesional, el exilio interior y el olvido. La inspección femenina de Castilla y León en los procesos sancionadores ocurridos durante la Guerra Civil","authors":"Carlos Sanz Simón, Miriam Sonlleva Velasco","doi":"10.5944/hme.17.2023.33114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/hme.17.2023.33114","url":null,"abstract":"Acercarse al conocimiento de la Inspección de Primera Enseñanza en el primer tercio del siglo XX es una labor necesaria para conocer la educación en este periodo. Hacerlo desde una perspectiva de género resulta una tarea obligatoria para visibilizar los sesgos a los que se enfrentó este cuerpo profesional y conocer las posibilidades de actuación de quienes formaron parte del mismo. Son estas premisas sobre las que se asienta el estudio que aquí se presenta. Contextualizado en la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, su objetivo es analizar las sanciones que sufrieron las inspectoras de primera enseñanza de esta región en el periodo de la Guerra Civil y las repercusiones inmediatas que tuvieron estos castigos en las trayectorias de las protagonistas. Para ello, se examinan expedientes profesionales y de depuración mostrando las dificultades que presenta una línea de investigación prolífica, pero a la vez sujeta a múltiples condicionantes que favorecen interpretaciones diversas. Los resultados dan cuenta de cómo las profesionales de la inspección padecieron procesos punitivos diferentes a los de sus homólogos masculinos, siendo para ellas la separación del cargo y el exilio interior dos de las sanciones más repetidas. El periodo histórico en el que fueron formadas, las provincias en las que ejercieron, su implicación política y las relaciones que establecieron con cargos masculinos significados fueron aspectos determinantes para mantener su puesto de trabajo tras el conflicto bélico o ser condenadas al ostracismo.","PeriodicalId":42079,"journal":{"name":"Historia y Memoria de la Educacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44283631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}