Yao Chen, Xiangyu Zi, Min Chen, Dengming Ming, Xiaolong Sun, Ling Jiang, Yongqian Fu
{"title":"Enhancing Chitosanase Activity via Directed Evolution and Its Molecular Mechanisms","authors":"Yao Chen, Xiangyu Zi, Min Chen, Dengming Ming, Xiaolong Sun, Ling Jiang, Yongqian Fu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08854","url":null,"abstract":"Directed evolution is a powerful strategy to enhance enzyme performance. In this study, we optimized the rationally designed chitosanase SsCsn46 (mSsCsn46) from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. N174 by fusing it with the <i>Escherichia coli</i> OmpA signal peptide and subjecting it to directed evolution. The resulting variant M1, carrying 18 mutations, and the enzyme activity reached 1680 U/mg, an 812-fold increase over mSsCsn46. With continuous substrate feeding for 3 h, M1 produced 142 g/L of chitooligosaccharides (COS) at 89.9% conversion. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the mutations stabilized Asn157/GlcN-3 interactions and expanded the substrate-binding pocket (1483.8 Å<sup>3</sup>). When applied to fungal chitosan extracted from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> ATCC 1015, M1 converted chitosan to COS within 30 min with 95.1% conversion. This work demonstrates how directed evolution can remodel chitosanase for highly efficient COS production, providing an effective enzymatic tool for industrial production.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Citrinin Induces Hepatic Inflammatory Injury through the PERK-CHOP-NLRP3 Axis-Mediated Pyroptosis.","authors":"Yongkang Wang,Yiya Feng,Bo Xiao,Jie Ni,You Wu,Qike Zhang,Xiaofang Liu,Shuiping Liu,Jine Yi,Zhihang Yuan,Jing Wu,Chenglin Yang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05538","url":null,"abstract":"Citrinin (CTN), a widespread food and feed contaminant, poses a significant health risk, yet its hepatic toxicity remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated pyroptosis in CTN-induced liver injury using mice and HL-7702 cells. CTN exposure disrupted the hepatic cord structure, induced hepatocyte swelling with karyolysis, and promoted inflammatory infiltration. Liver injury markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly elevated in both models, confirming inflammatory liver injury. Mechanistically, CTN activated pyroptosis-related proteins and triggered ER stress. In HL-7702 cells, CTN-induced inflammatory injury was mediated by NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis. Silencing CHOP alleviated injury by suppressing NLRP3 activation, while selective inhibition of PERK reduced CHOP expression and further attenuated pyroptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the PERK-CHOP pathway regulates NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis, contributing to CTN-induced hepatotoxicity. The PERK-CHOP-NLRP3 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target against CTN-related liver injury.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Glucosinolates and Alkaloids with Antibacterial Activities from Raphani Semen.","authors":"Meng-Qi Yan,Kang Yang,Ze-Jun Liu,Rui-Tong Du,Chang-Cheng Peng,Hai-Bo Wu,Sen Li,Zhen-Yue Wang,De-Qiang Yang,Li-Hong Wu,Meng Wang,Hai-Xue Kuang,Zhi-Bin Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c11051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c11051","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen compounds were isolated from Raphani Semen, including nine new glucosinolate compounds, raseglucosinolate A-I (1-9), four new alkaloids, rasemenine A-D (10-13), two known 4-methylthio-butyl derivatives (14, 15), and one known alkaloid (16). Compounds 1-13 were structurally characterized through a combination of HRESIMS, NMR, UV, IR, and ECD analyses. The potential antibacterial activities of selected compounds were evaluated. Compounds 3 and 10 exhibited inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, with MIC of 32 and 64 μg/mL, respectively. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that 3 exerts its antibacterial activity by compromising the integrity of the cell wall and membrane, resulting in the leakage of intracellular contents and subsequent disruption of cellular metabolism and growth. Molecular docking analysis suggested that DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV may be potential molecular targets of 3. Moreover, the combination of 3 with ampicillin sodium exhibited an additive antibacterial effect. These studies suggest that 3 has the potential to become an antibacterial agent and an antibiotic adjuvant.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingrui Yang,Huizi Tan,Song Li,Hong Yao,Qixing Nie,Steve W Cui,Shaoping Nie
{"title":"Effects of β-Glucan from Three Different Sources on Glucolipid Metabolism in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Jingrui Yang,Huizi Tan,Song Li,Hong Yao,Qixing Nie,Steve W Cui,Shaoping Nie","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05443","url":null,"abstract":"Glucan, a common dietary fiber, shows prebiotic potential for managing metabolic disorders, intestinal inflammation, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Although our earlier work found that glucans from various sources differ in molecular weight and linkage, how these variations affect their protective efficacy against metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still unknown. This study examined the effects of β-glucan from barley, highland barley, and oat bran on mice with high-fat diet-induced MetS. Various MetS-related indicators were analyzed, including overweight, dyslipidemia, hypertension, liver function, and host metabolites. Findings revealed that the differential effects of β-glucans primarily occurred in serum and hepatic lipid metabolism. HBBG was most effective at reducing LDL-C and hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, changes in liver inflammation and lipid transport gene expression indicated that HBBG more effectively alleviated hepatic inflammation and regulated CCL2 and CD36 gene expression. These results highlight the source-dependent bioactivity of dietary β-glucans in improving metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia-Wei Feng,Lu Wen,Kang-Li He,Li-Lin Luo,Shu-Zhong He,Guy Smagghe,Shun-Hua Gui,Tong-Xian Liu
{"title":"Design, Synthesis, and Aphicidal Activity of Novel Insect Neuropeptide Kinin Receptor Antagonists, Targeting the Ser2 Ligand Position.","authors":"Jia-Wei Feng,Lu Wen,Kang-Li He,Li-Lin Luo,Shu-Zhong He,Guy Smagghe,Shun-Hua Gui,Tong-Xian Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05232","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional chemical pesticides have raised significant environmental and health concerns, driving the pursuit of safer alternatives. Aphids, notorious for causing extensive agricultural damage and transmitting plant diseases, represent prime targets for next-generation insecticide development. This study investigates kinin neuropeptides, which regulate key physiological processes, as novel targets for biopesticide design. Using the kinin peptide as a structural lead, we synthesized 23 analogues and predicted their bioactivity via molecular docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) modeling. Ser2 was identified as a critical site for enhancing receptor affinity. Two analogues, L02 and R01, emerged as potent antagonists of the aphid kinin G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), exhibiting strong binding in silico and functional inhibition in cell bioassays in vitro. Laboratory insect tests confirmed significant aphicidal activity, particularly for L02, which demonstrated superior efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of kinin-based GPCR antagonists as environmentally friendly biopesticides, offering target action with reduced nontarget impacts.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circannual Rhythms Affect the Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Extract Differently in Healthy and Obese Fischer 344 Rats.","authors":"Iván Escobar-Martínez,Verónica Arreaza-Gil,Anna Arola-Arnal,Begoña Muguerza,Miquel Mulero,Manuel Suárez,Cristina Torres-Fuentes","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c03952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c03952","url":null,"abstract":"(Poly)phenols are plant-derived bioactive molecules that are associated with several health benefits. Therefore, it is essential to study the factors that affect the bioavailability of these phenolic compounds. Recently, circannual rhythms have been identified as one of the factors that may affect the bioavailability of these compounds. Hence, this study evaluates the impact of circannual rhythms on grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) bioavailability in healthy and obesogenic contexts. Male Fischer 344 rats, fed standard (ST) or cafeteria (CAF) diets, were housed under different photoperiod conditions (6, 12, or 18 h of light per day) during 9 weeks and an oral dose of GSPE (25 mg/kg) was daily administered for the last 4 weeks. Serum GSPE-derived metabolites were then quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A higher bioavailability was observed in rats exposed to a 12 h photoperiod and fed ST diet. However, this pattern was altered in CAF-fed rats, suggesting an attenuated influence of photoperiod under obesogenic conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationships between diet, photoperiod, and serum metabolites.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substantial Progress and Remaining Challenges in Developing Low-Cadmium Rice in China.","authors":"Chengjing Liao,Min Huang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10019","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice poses a serious public health concern. To address this issue, China has developed several low-Cd rice varieties by targeting the Cd uptake transporter OsNRAMP5. The first of these varieties was commercially cultivated in 2023, exhibiting ultralow Cd concentrations in grains alongside high grain yield. However, several challenges emerged in 2024, including uncertainties regarding their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, limited information is available on their nutrient uptake characteristics and grain nutritional quality. These gaps highlight the need for further research to comprehensively evaluate the performance of low-Cd rice varieties developed in China.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhouya Bai,Yunhui Zhang,Xiaojun Huang,Denglin Luo,Shaobin Gu,Kangyi Zhang,Shaoping Nie
{"title":"Akkermansia-Mediated BSH Regulation Alleviates Diabetic Dyslipidemia via the TCA-FXR/TGR5 Axis: Unraveling the Antidiabetic Mechanism of RKP.","authors":"Zhouya Bai,Yunhui Zhang,Xiaojun Huang,Denglin Luo,Shaobin Gu,Kangyi Zhang,Shaoping Nie","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c05449","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiota is vital in regulating glycolipid metabolism through bile acid pathways, while pectin maintains gut flora balance. Polysaccharides from red kidney beans (RKPs), particularly pectic types, lower blood sugar and lipids, although the mechanism is unclear. Our findings showed that RKP intervention significantly affects primary bile acid synthesis, especially conjugated bile acids, notably taurocholic acid (TCA). Correspondingly, FXR and TGR5 were identified as key receptors in glucolipid metabolism. Further, Akkermansia was proven to be a vital strain and to effectively improve glycolipid metabolism associated with regulating the activity of bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) and bile acid composition, especially for TCA in diabetic mice. Our results provide an antidiabetic mechanism of RKP and suggest that enriched Akkermansia via regulating the vitality of BSH is altered in response to the composition of bile acid, especially for TCA, thereby alleviating glycolipid metabolism through the TCA-FXR/TGR5 axis.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Freeze-Thaw Cycles Accelerate Plastic Pollution Invasion in Agriculture: Trojan Horse Effect of Microplastic-Plasticizer Contamination Revealed in Rye via Computational Chemistry and Multiomics.","authors":"Jinke Hu,Guozhang Bao,Jishun Wu,Simeng Chen,Yanan Xu,Huixin Wang,Lingzhi Tian,Zimin Fu,Ning Li,Yue Yuan","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08155","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change-related freeze-thaw (FT) cycles intensify combined contamination from diethyl phthalate (DEP) and microplastics (MPs) in agricultural systems. This study examines their synergistic phytotoxicity in hydroponic rye using multidisciplinary approaches, including physiology, transcriptomics, and computational modeling. FT dramatically increased cocontamination risks. Notably, DEP promoted MP uptake into plants by elevating MP surface charge─an effect intensified by FT─resulting in disrupted root function and nutrient absorption. Molecular analyses showed that DEP binds strongly to key proteins (e.g., HSP70; ΔG = -7.6 kcal/mol), inhibiting photosynthesis (net rate reduced by 20.1-64.5%) and altering antioxidant activity. MPs adsorbed DEP, reducing its mobility, while simultaneously reshaping the root microbiome to favor DEP-degrading bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium). Transcriptomic changes were observed in stress-responsive and phytohormone pathways. These results demonstrate that FT cycles exacerbate combined pollutant toxicity through surface charge modification, molecular disruption, and microbial community adaptation, offering important insights for assessing ecological risks under climate-induced stressors.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequence-Structure Combination Strategy Enables Discovery of a Novel Transglutaminase from Krasilnikovia cinnamomea and Computational Analysis.","authors":"Wenjie Luo,Rui Xu,Shiwen Li,Zhaojun Wang,Maomao Zeng,Zhiyong He,Qiuming Chen,Jie Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c07950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c07950","url":null,"abstract":"Transglutaminase (TGase) is a widely utilized biocatalyst in the food industry, where it catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins in protein-rich foods, leading to improved texture and enhanced functional properties. Currently, commercially available TGases are derived from Streptomyces species. To expand the industrial application potential of TGase, this study employed a combined sequence- and structure-based strategy to identify a novel TGase from Krasilnikovia cinnamomea (KcTG). The enzyme was successfully heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, exhibiting an optimal temperature of 60 °C and a maximum specific activity of 42.17 U/mg, outperforming SmTG. Furthermore, KcTG demonstrated efficient cross-linking of soy protein isolate, positioning it as a promising candidate for future industrial TGase enzyme preparations. This study also integrated computational tools to analyze the structural characteristics of KcTG based on surface net charge and hydrophobicity. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate its stability and catalytic performance.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}