Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121958
Alaaeldin Magdy , Oluwaseun Ogunleye , Hussein Mroueh , Alice Di Donna , Rao Martand Singh
{"title":"A review of exploiting shallow geothermal energy through tunnels: Current status and future prospects","authors":"Alaaeldin Magdy , Oluwaseun Ogunleye , Hussein Mroueh , Alice Di Donna , Rao Martand Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of ground-embedded structures for harnessing geothermal energy in space heating and cooling has gained significant attention over the past two decades. In this context, this paper reviews the use of tunnels, commonly known as energy tunnels, for exploiting shallow geothermal energy, providing an overview of the current status and future prospects. The different tunnel construction methods and their respective thermal activation processes are described. The factors influencing thermal performance and mechanical responses are analysed, alongside the economic and environmental benefits. This review confirms the viability of energy tunnels as a sustainable and renewable solution, as several studies have demonstrated their potential in providing a substantial amount of thermal energy and reducing natural gas consumption and significantly cutting CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Energy tunnels can also potentially provide a reliable solution for road de-icing or enable efficient thermal energy storage when groundwater flow is negligible. Finally, current, and future innovations aimed at maximizing shallow geothermal exploitation are discussed, with a call for further research to explore additional thermal retrofitting techniques for the existing tunnels, innovative additions for lining concrete, fluid and pipe materials and integrating energy tunnels with other renewable energy sources in district heating networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121958"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121960
Wei Wang , Yang Tan , Wenzhe Wei , Yuying Sun , Shulun Han , Chuanmin Dai
{"title":"A performance prediction model of variable frequency air source heat pump used for photovoltaic power generation scheduling in low-carbon buildings","authors":"Wei Wang , Yang Tan , Wenzhe Wei , Yuying Sun , Shulun Han , Chuanmin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the photovoltaic-driven variable frequency air source heat pump (PV-VFASHP) space heating system has been widely used in low-carbon buildings. However, owing to the lack of performance prediction model for VFASHPs, the self-consumption rate of PV power generation is far lower than expected. To solve this problem, a simulation model and a test rig for VFASHP were built, and its heating performance under different conditions was investigated. A performance prediction model for heating capacity and COP was developed considering the joint effect of outdoor temperature, supply water temperature, and compressor speed. Then, this model was applied to a PV-VFASHP heating system in a low-carbon building in Beijing, and the application effect on sunny, cloudy, and rainy days was analyzed. Results show that the performance prediction model can predict the heating capacity and COP accurately. Experimental results of 13 VFASHPs from 8 manufacturers show that the relative errors are all within ±10 %. When regulating the PV-VFASHP system based on this performance prediction model, the self-consumption rate of PV power reaches 100 % on all the three days, contributing 77.26 %, 73.77 %, and 67.84 % of total power consumption. Additionally, the VFASHP operates efficiently, achieving an average COP of 3.59.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121960"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121955
Leyang Zhu , Xiaoqiao Huang , Zongbin Zhang , Chengli Li , Yonghang Tai
{"title":"A novel U-LSTM-AFT model for hourly solar irradiance forecasting","authors":"Leyang Zhu , Xiaoqiao Huang , Zongbin Zhang , Chengli Li , Yonghang Tai","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Countries emphasize the development of renewable energy to combat climate change, ensure energy security, and promote sustainable economic growth. Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation, a key to energy transition, can significantly reduce power generation costs. Still, its output power is unstable due to the weather, so an accurate solar irradiance forecast is crucial. The current hybrid model mainly suffers from inadequate feature extraction and insufficient time-dependent processing when dealing with complex time series data, which affects prediction accuracy. Therefore, a new solar irradiance forecast model, U-Shaped LSTM-AFT (U-LSTM-AFT) is proposed in this paper, which draws on the architecture and ideas of U-Net. The model improves the efficiency of feature extraction through the up-sampling and down-sampling modules while combining with smaller pooling kernels to optimize feature processing further. In addition, the model introduces the Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Attention-Free Transformer (AFT) to enhance prediction accuracy and achieve more efficient forecast performance. The method was validated using three real-world irradiance datasets from diverse US locations representing different climate types. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed U-LSTM-AFT model achieves higher forecasting accuracy in predicting PV power generation than traditional models like LSTM and U-Net, with significant performance improvements. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE), R-squared (R<sup>2</sup>), and Forecast Skill (FS<sub>nRMSE</sub>) are the performance evaluation metrics of this forecasting scheme. The three datasets reached mean values of 23.076 W/m<sup>2</sup>, 50.142 W/m<sup>2</sup>, 0.046, 98.680 %, and 0.238, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121955"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121963
Junhao Shen , Yongqiang Luo , Chaohui Zhou , Yixiao Song , Zhiyong Tian , Jianhua Fan , Ling Zhang , Aihua Liu
{"title":"A slightly inclined deep borehole heat exchanger array behaves better than vertical installation","authors":"Junhao Shen , Yongqiang Luo , Chaohui Zhou , Yixiao Song , Zhiyong Tian , Jianhua Fan , Ling Zhang , Aihua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geothermal energy is abundant deep underground for sustainable heating, while the common way of drilling vertical deep borehole requires larger area on the surface. Currently, there are few reported studies on inclined deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHEs). This paper establishes a semi-analytical model of inclined DBHE arrays. The new model is verified through comparison with benchmarks. Subsequently, the long-term operation of this system is simulated and analyzed. The results show that a slightly inclined angle can greatly improve the thermal performance. With the increase in borehole length, the heat extraction per meter of inclined arrays increases faster than vertical arrays. Under the same heating load, the inclination of boreholes can reduce the borehole length, thereby cutting the operational cost of the heat pump and the initial investment of BHEs substantially by 9.3 %. Moreover, the inclined DBHE array can accommodate a greater heating load of 1280 kW, which is 31.3 % larger than that of the vertical array. Finally, a fast prediction model is proposed for inclined DBHEs, with a maximum relative error of 1.60 %. This work offers technical support for the design and operation of inclined DBHE arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121963"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121966
Jiahui Jiang , Bin Zhang , Wei Chen , Xuelin Zhang , Dechun Li , Jian Li , Hengdong Li , Xiaodai Xue
{"title":"Investigation and optimization of the thermal performance of compressed supercritical CO2 energy storage system based on dynamic modeling and transient simulation","authors":"Jiahui Jiang , Bin Zhang , Wei Chen , Xuelin Zhang , Dechun Li , Jian Li , Hengdong Li , Xiaodai Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compressed CO<sub>2</sub> energy storage is a new type of energy storage with high energy storage density and a compact structure. Understanding the system’s dynamic operational characteristics is crucial for optimizing parameters and developing control strategies. We established two dynamic compressed supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> energy storage systems (SC-CCESs) without additional cold and heat sources and simulated their performance under design conditions. The results show that the single-stage system outperforms the double-stage system. The single-stage system is simulated from design conditions to periodic dynamic operating conditions. Energy and exergy analyses of the single-stage compression system were conducted, confirming that the model aligns with the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The dynamic behavior of the compressor, turbine, and storage tanks was analyzed, and a sensitivity analysis of key system parameters was performed. After optimization, the system’s <em>RTE</em> improved to 63.35%, a 3.09% points increase, and the exergy loss decreased by 10.37% points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121966"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121936
Ardavan Babaei , Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee , Esra Boz
{"title":"Optimizing energy consumption for blockchain adoption through renewable energy sources","authors":"Ardavan Babaei , Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee , Esra Boz","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of blockchain technology across various industries and systems has garnered significant attention due to its myriad benefits, leading to widespread popularity today. However, the energy-intensive nature of blockchain, attributed to extensive computations and data mining, poses substantial operational and environmental challenges, hindering its widespread acceptance. To mitigate these limitations, leveraging renewable energy sources emerges as a viable and crucial solution. These options are assessed across various dimensions including sustainable energy transfer, physical attributes, legal regulations, energy supply costs, technological infrastructure, and climatic constraints. To achieve this, we present four optimization models. Initially, three optimization models, rooted in risk aversion, fairness, and weighted sum principles, are meticulously solved. Subsequently, leveraging the insights garnered from these models, a multi-objective optimization model is developed based on Percentage Multi-Choice Goal Programming (PMCGP) method. This framework facilitates the scoring and ranking of renewable energy sources, culminating in informed decision-making. Our investigation, anchored by a case study, underscores the significant potential of utilizing blockchain technology in conjunction with wind energy. In the initial step, our models grounded in risk, optimization, and fairness concepts establish targets for the subsequent stage. Consequently, the proposed methodology offers diverse analytical capabilities tailored for supply chain managers and decision-makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121936"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121961
Hongna Qiao, Bin Yang, Xiaohui Yu
{"title":"Development of an efficient cross-scale model for working fluid selection of Rankine-based Carnot battery based on group contribution method","authors":"Hongna Qiao, Bin Yang, Xiaohui Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rankine-based Carnot battery is promising system with outstanding performances in addressing the challenges of local consumption of renewable energy generation and utilization of low-grade waste heat. A suitable working fluid is fundamental to the Rankine-based Carnot battery cycle and profoundly influences system performance. However, studies on working fluid selection for the Rankine-based Carnot battery are limited to a predefined database. This approach fails to study or design novel working fluids. Therefore, the nine molecular groups used as a set of molecular groups in this paper can cover most organic working fluids in Rankine-based thermodynamic cycle systems. Developing an accurate cross-scale model based on the group contribution method is used in working fluid selection for Rankine-based Carnot battery. Meanwhile, for the sake of testing the accuracy of the proposed model, twenty-one promising organic working fluids were selected to be compared and analyzed with the results calculated by the REFPROP under the typical working conditions of the Rankine-based Carnot battery. The results show that the absolute average relative deviation of the boiling temperature prediction using the multiple linear regression model proposed in this study is only 3.9 %, while the absolute average relative deviation of the critical temperature based on the proposed boiling temperature model is 5 %. Finally, the present work demonstrates excellent accuracy in predicting the thermodynamic performance of this system. The absolute average relative deviation of the coefficient of performance, generation efficiency and power-to-power-efficiency is 4.6 %, 2.0 %, and 6.4 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121961"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121954
Changlong Wang , Tianzhuo Jiang , Xing Zhou , Yanchun Guo , Xinjie Huang , Jinli Lu
{"title":"Estimation method of soil thermal conductivity distribution of coaxial vertical borehole heat exchanger based on distributed thermal response test","authors":"Changlong Wang , Tianzhuo Jiang , Xing Zhou , Yanchun Guo , Xinjie Huang , Jinli Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil thermal conductivity (<em>λ</em><sub>s</sub>) is a vital parameter for sizing vertical borehole heat exchanger (VBHE) of ground-source heat pump, which may vary dramatically with the depth. To measure the <em>λ</em><sub>s</sub> distribution of coaxial VBHE, this study proposes an estimation method based on distributed thermal response test (DTRT). Firstly, a 3D numerical model is built and validated, which is utilized to simulate some DTRTs under various conditions. A 1D model is then developed for any layer of coaxial VBHE, which is discovered to agree better with the 3D model than the traditional infinite line source model. The proposed estimation method utilizes the 1D model to match DTRT data to identify the <em>λ</em><sub>s</sub> distribution, and then it is compared with the traditional direct method based on the simulated DTRT data. The results show that the traditional method probably has great errors, and that the proposed method could accurately estimate the <em>λ</em><sub>s</sub> of nearly all the soil layers, the errors of which are basically smaller than 4%. The precision of the proposed method is slightly affected by the DTRT duration, number of split layers and errors of soil heat capacities. The proposed method is simple and concise, which is convenient for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121954"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121957
Ajay Prakash, Mahesh Kumar
{"title":"Experimental investigations on simple and modified concatenated stepped solar still units for the extraction of clean water: A comparative study","authors":"Ajay Prakash, Mahesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this experimental research work, a parallel comparison of a modified concatenated stepped solar still (MCSSS) unit was done with a simple concatenated stepped solar still (SCSSS) unit for the extraction of clean water, considering thermo-enviro-economic aspects. Each stepped solar still in these experimental units had 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> heat absorbing area. The MCSSS unit was equipped with internal reflectors, external reflector and glass cover cooling arrangement. The experimental units were feed with a pre-optimized tap water flow rate of 50 ml/min for the extraction of clean water. The comparison revealed that the MCSSS unit produced 3.43 L/day of distillate which was 18.72 % higher than that of SCSSS unit. In the MCSSS unit, the convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients were found to be 15.29 % and 11.50 % higher, respectively. The energy and exergy efficiencies of MCSSS unit were 41.58 % and 14.52 % which were found to be respectively 19.93 % and 25.93 % higher than that of SCSSS unit. The MCSSS unit had lower energy payback time and earned higher carbon credits as compared to SCSSS unit. The economic payback period of MCSSS unit was evaluated to be lower than SCSSS unit by 1.297 months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121957"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121945
Yukun Sun , Yaoru Qian , Tongguang Wang , Long Wang , Chengyong Zhu , Yang Gao
{"title":"Quantitative impact of combining blowing and suction flow control on a floating offshore wind turbine aerodynamic performance under the surge motion","authors":"Yukun Sun , Yaoru Qian , Tongguang Wang , Long Wang , Chengyong Zhu , Yang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic stall induced by platform surge motion significantly reduces the output power of a floating wind turbine and shortens the machine's operational lifespan. This work examines the impact of a D-SFJ active flow control, featuring two suction slots on the suction side and two injection slots near the trailing edge on the pressure side, on the aerodynamic performance of the NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine during surge motion. Numerical simulations are conducted using the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method with the shear stress transport (SST) <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> turbulence model and the overset mesh technique is performed. The findings confirm that the surge motion dynamically enlarges the flow separation region over the blade surface, with a maximum increase of 164.29 % in comparison to the wind turbine in a fixed state. The control device implemented in the entire rotor can enhance the aerodynamic performance and improve the flow pattern throughout a single surge cycle. For instance, at an inflow of 7 m/s and a jet strength of 0.01, the D-SFJ device yields a 4.82 % increase in average net output power and the separation area can be reduced by 54.68% compared to the baseline rotor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 121945"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}