Tocqueville Review最新文献

{"title":"Ludwig von Mises, the Idea of Consumer Democracy and the Invention of Neoliberalism","authors":"N. Olsen","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.2.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article re-examines the relation between neoliberalism and democracy by illustrating that, from its inception, neoliberal ideology was characterized by an attempt to contest notions of representative democracy by arguing that the market is more democratic than the polity can ever be. This attempt, so I argue, was closely linked to the invention of a specific figure—the sovereign consumer—carried out by the somewhat overlooked Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises in the 1920s as part of an attempt to delegitimize socialism and re-invent liberalism as a positive program. Portraying Mises as the very inventor of this paradigm, I show that his idea of the sovereign consumer hinged on the idea of democracy as a method of choosing and sought to re-invent the market as the democratic forum par excellence. I also stress that Mises’s neoliberal paradigm entailed a skepticism towards representative democracy and a willingness to limit and curtail its processes and institutions through state force.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"43 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45111475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts sociaux mondiaux des stratégies de lutte contre la Covid-19","authors":"Francesco Petricone","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.2.209","url":null,"abstract":"Resume:La pandémie de la Covid-19 a gravement affecté une grande partie de la population mondiale. Elle a eu des effets néfastes sur les modes de vie, la santé, l'éducation et l'économie de nombreux pays et on estime que ce virus pourrait provoquer un million de décès dans le monde. L'enquête Mind the Queue ! (MdQ) a été menée de mars à mai 2020 dans le but de savoir dans quelle mesure la COVID-19 a impacté les sociétés de huit pays, de l'est à l'ouest du monde, huit pays représentant différentes formes gouvernementales et économiques : Cuba, Haïti, l’Irak, l’Italie, la Côte d'Ivoire, le Mexique, les États-Unis d'Amérique et le Venezuela. Les gouvernements de ces pays ont eu recours à des stratégies différentes, mais ces derniers temps, ces dernières apparaissent toutes très proches et similaires dans leur politique d'aplatissement de la courbe, d'arrêt et de verrouillage du virus, trois expressions qui sont devenues les mots de passe mondiaux à l'époque du coronavirus. Nous trouvons des preuves de baisses drastiques de la mobilité du virus à l'échelle fédérale ou locale avant l'adoption de toute décision à l'échelle de l'État.La recherche MdQ valorise la tension entre liberté et contrôle, entre libération et répression. Des exemples montrent des voies possibles d'intervention sociale, économique et politique.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"209 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In God We Trust? Tocqueville on the Challenges Facing Liberal Democracy Today","authors":"Igor Czernecki","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.2.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.2.233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:I argue that revisiting Alexis de Tocqueville’s interpretation of the role of religion in maintaining civil liberties in democracies allows for a more nuanced understanding of the crisis that liberal democracy finds itself in around the world. I use Christopher Lasch to link this insight with the Identity Politics theories that attempt to explicate our current predicament, and contrast the function assigned religion in rightwing movements today with Tocqueville’s understanding of its salutary function.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"233 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problems of Democracy: Zhang Taiyan and the Federalist Moment in 1920s China","authors":"Tze-ki Hon, H. Chan","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.2.183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay discusses the problems of democracy by examining the writings of the Chinese thinker Zhang Taiyan (1868–1939). The goal of this essay is not to promote Zhang’s political philosophy as a panacea to the problems of democracy. Instead, it uses Zhang’s struggle with Chinese political problems to clarify the complex nature of democracy—its source of power, its modes of participation, and its institutions to channel the people’s voice. Focusing on Zhang’s attempts to balance three competing claims of democracy—the protection of the people’s rights, the expression of the people’s voice, and the prudent exercise of power in taking care of the citizens’ needs—this article elucidates a “Buddhist-Daoist” model of democracy that is different from the American model of local autonomy and the French model of a strong state.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"183 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sentiments de bien-être et de justice sociale","authors":"M. Forsė, Michel Maxime Parodi","doi":"10.3138/TTR.42.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/TTR.42.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Il est à présent communément admis que l'étude du bien-être se doitd'incorporer une mesure de la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie que l'on mène. Cette satisfaction est ici analysée à l'aide d'une question posée dans deuxsondages réalisés en France en 2009 puis 2013 sur la perception des inégalités et les sentiments de justice. Les incidences sur le bien-être subjectif du revenu, de la vie professionnelle, de la mobilité sociale et de la frustration relative ou plus largement de la comparaison aux autres, ainsi que desrelations sociales et affectives sont mises en évidence. Mais il apparaît aussi une forte corrélation avec les sentiments à l'égard de la justice de la société dans son ensemble. Ce lien n'était pas donné d'avance, puisqu'il s'agit dansun cas d'un jugement sur sa vie personnelle et, dans l'autre, sur la société prise globalement. Il peut cependant trouver une explication dans desthéories de la justice et notamment celle de Rawls. C'est en tous cas là une dimension explicative qui ne se réduit pas aux autres, ni même à la simpleperception des inégalités, et il serait dès lors opportun, pour mieuxcomprendre le bien-être subjectif, qu'à côté de tous les indicateurs classiquement utilisés et qui jouent leur rôle, il soit davantage tenu compte de cette relation avec les sentiments de justice sociale.Abstract:It is now commonly accepted that the study of well-being mustincorporate a measure of life satisfaction. This satisfaction is studied here using a question asked in two surveys conducted in France in 2009 and 2013 on the perception of inequality and feelings of justice. Subjective well-being then appears to be influenced by income, professional life-course, socialmobility and relative deprivation or, more broadly, by comparisons withothers, as well as by social and emotional relationships. There is also a strongcorrelation with feelings about justice in society as a whole. This association could not be anticipated, since in one case it is a matter of judgment about one's own personal life and, in the other, about society as a whole. However, it may be explained by theories of justice and in particular that of Rawls. It isin any case an explanatory dimension which cannot be reduced to others, even to the mere perception of inequality. For a better understanding ofsubjective well-being, it would therefore be advisable to take into accountthis relationship with feelings of social justice beyond all indicators conventionally used.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"106 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L'utilitarisme en France","authors":"Malik Bozzo-Rey","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Il est indéniable que travail de Catherine Audard, notamment d'édition et de traduction, a joué en France un rôle important dans la diffusion et la visibilité de la pensée utilitariste, notamment classique. À ce titre, la réédition de La formation du radicalisme philosophique d'Elie Halévy et la publication de l'Anthologie historique et critique de l'utilitarisme nous semblent particulièrement intéressantes car elles présentent l'utilitarisme comme une philosophie dont les thèses doivent être profondément analysées et qu'il n'est ni possible ni souhaitable de rejeter sans autre forme de procès. En soulignant les apports mais aussi les paradoxes de la pensée utilitariste ainsi que ses évolutions, ces ouvrages gagneraient à être redécouverts – et retravaillés – tant ils permettent de mettre en perspective la manière dont l'utilitarisme est aujourd'hui convoqué parfois (souvent) sans précaution dans des stratégies argumentatives. À ce titre l'exemple des nudges et de la manière dont leurs défenseurs cherchent à légitimer leur utilisation nous paraît représentative.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"103 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Left and the Spirit of May '68","authors":"D. Howard","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.1.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.1.161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:To understand May '68 (in Paris, but not only), context is necessary. As it happens I was there, during, before and after. This life experience has been marked by the emergence of a \"new left\" in the US and in France and, to a lesser degree, similarly motivated movements in Germany and in Czechoslovakia. This article revisits my experience through a discussion of the concept of a \"new left,\" which while intuitively evident is conceptually slippery: it does not refer to the immediate experience of a generation born into the emerging prosperity of the postwar West; and it assumes that a left will always and necessarily exist in modern societies. Here I describe my own experiences as a participant in that movement prior to the brèche that took place in May '68, and suggest some of the implications of the new possibilities that it opened.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"161 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41535246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing the Soul, Governing the Text: Foucault, May 68, and the Fall of the Sovereign","authors":"Daniel Zamora","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.1.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.1.141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores the impact of the events of 1968 on Michel Foucault's thought. It argues that, shortly after the events, his criticism of the notion of the author took on a political importance. The 'death of the author' now meant the 'birth' of the reader, of a subject who could 'experiment' with the text and create new meanings. This dimension is crucial because it makes clear that his 'turn' to the subject happened earlier than we thought. Moreover, by the late seventies, his analysis of the text constituted an intellectual framework for thinking about the subject itself, increasingly thinking of it as a text in itself: as something to be invented, rather than 'interpreted'. Foucault's perspective would strongly oppose older models of textual interpretation and of left politics, putting experimentation, by the subject at the center of new ways of constituting the self.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"141 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48566490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Welfare Narratives in Italy: Risks and Supposed Virtues","authors":"L. Cataldi, Valeria Cappellato","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.1.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.1.207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Italy, for some years, a series of new terms, such as 'Civil Welfare', 'Community Welfare', 'Welfare Society', 'Generative Welfare', and 'Second Welfare', have appeared in public discourse. These labels have different origins and traditions. However, all of them are reform narratives promoting 'new' welfare-mix solutions to ensure the sustainability of the social protection system in the face of the permanent austerity (Pierson 1998, 2001) and the crisis of the public welfare. Moreover, all of them are presented as recalibration strategies betting on coordination, integration, networking, and synergy's capabilities of formal and informal components of the welfare system, reinforcing the role, not of the state, but of the other points of the so-called 'welfare diamond' (Ferrera, 2006): individuals and families, third sector, but also companies and market. The contribution aims to critically present the different narratives, highlighting their similarities and differences, and—above all—to discuss their implications. For this purpose, the promises to provide sustainable, flexible, and plural welfare solutions (Osborne, 2006), as well as the presumed advantages and the risks of what appears to be a strategy of delegation to the private sector, will be subject of careful evaluation.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"207 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42758114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penser avec Rawls contre Rawls","authors":"S. Mestiri","doi":"10.3138/ttr.41.1.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.41.1.105","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Que reste-t-il de Rawls aujourd'hui ? L'on est en droit de se poser la question, au regard de la faillite relative d'un certain nombre de requisits du libéralisme procédural en général, et du libéralisme politique en particulier. Mais la pensée rawslsienne ne se laisse pas aisément disqualifier. Le propos de la présente contribution est précisément de s'interroger sur la manière dont pourrait être appréhendé l'héritage de Rawls aujourd'hui, via notamment l'idée d'un post post-rawlsianisme qui fonctionnerait comme intégrateur critique.","PeriodicalId":41972,"journal":{"name":"Tocqueville Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"105 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48938560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}