EMJ Diabetes最新文献_第5页

Implication of the MAPK Signalling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy MAPK信号通路在糖尿病肾病发病中的意义

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10311665

Jéssica Barletto Sousa Barros, Rodrigo da Silva Santos, Angela Adamski da Silva Reis

{"title":"Implication of the MAPK Signalling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy","authors":"Jéssica Barletto Sousa Barros, Rodrigo da Silva Santos, Angela Adamski da Silva Reis","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10311665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10311665","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes has become an emerging public health problem because of its serious complications, and high mortality and morbidity rates. Among the most common microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a major cause of development of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The aetiopathogenesis of DN is not completely elucidated; however, studies have shown that the components of the MAPK signalling pathway play an essential role in the development and progression of the disease. The MAPK family is mainly composed of three subgroups: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) 1–3, and p38 MAPK, all of which are related to several cellular functions, such as cell death, differentiation, proliferation, motility, survival, stress response, and cell growth. In diabetic kidney disease, the MAPK pathway can be activated by processes resulting from hyperglycaemia (polyol pathway products, oxidative stress, and accumulation of advanced glycosylation end-products) and by angiotensin II, and it is related to several renal pathological processes. This review aims to summarise the role of the MAPK signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy, as well as to link the biological aspects that contribute to clarify the pathological process behind the disease.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116300389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Family Models of Diabetes Self-Management Education: The Current Evidence and Critical Gaps in Knowledge 糖尿病自我管理教育的家庭模式:目前的证据和关键的知识空白

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10310889

P. McElfish, J. Post, Brett Rowland, C. Long

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of The Relationship Between Glycaemic Regulation Parameters and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Type 2 Diabetic Patients 2型糖尿病患者血糖调节参数与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值关系的评价

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10311581

Seydahmet Akin, Z. Aydın, G. Yılmaz, M. Aliustaoğlu, O. Keskin

{"title":"Evaluation of The Relationship Between Glycaemic Regulation Parameters and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"Seydahmet Akin, Z. Aydın, G. Yılmaz, M. Aliustaoğlu, O. Keskin","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10311581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10311581","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple and inexpensive examination that is considered to show inflammation. In this study, which included a control group, the authors aimed to investigate if there was a relationship between glycaemic regulation parameters and NLR in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.\u0000\u0000Material and Methods: A total of 278 Type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study. An additional total of 148 healthy people were also included as a control group. NLR was calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil number by the absolute lymphocyte number. The patients were divided into two groups: the good glycaemic control group (HbA1c ≤7.5%) and the poor glycaemic control group (HbA1c >7.5%). NLR was compared between the diabetic groups. In addition, NLR was compared with diabetic patients and control group.\u0000\u0000Results: The NLR was statistically and significantly higher in the poor glycaemic control group compared to the good glycaemic control group (2.48 [1.97–2.60] to 2.07 [1.72–2.40], respectively; p=0.020). In addition, NLR was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (2.30 [2.04–2.49] to 2.01 [1.85–2.18], respectively; p=0.002).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: According to the authors’ knowledge, increased NLR may be associated with poor glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetic patients. NLR may be useful used as an easily measurable, noninvasive, available, and cost-effective parameter for the follow-up of diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133232605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Feasibility of a Diabetes Prevention Programme as Part of Cancer Survivorship Care 糖尿病预防方案作为癌症生存护理一部分的可行性

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10310234

Yvonne L Eaglehouse, Eric Swetts, G. V. van Londen, Paula Balogh, Jian-Min Yuan, L. Butler

{"title":"Feasibility of a Diabetes Prevention Programme as Part of Cancer Survivorship Care","authors":"Yvonne L Eaglehouse, Eric Swetts, G. V. van Londen, Paula Balogh, Jian-Min Yuan, L. Butler","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10310234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10310234","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Excess body weight and low physical activity levels may be detrimental to cancer survivorship and to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) for cancer survivors who have risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD.\u0000\u0000Methods: Overweight (BMI >25 kg/m²) adults aged 50–79 who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast or colon cancer within the prior 5 years were recruited through a research registry and oncology clinics. Eligible individuals enrolled in a 13-week group lifestyle programme with goals of 5–7% weight loss and 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity. Programme attendance, adherence to recommended behaviours, weight, and physical activity information were collected.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 44 individuals were screened for eligibility; 23 were eligible and 17 enrolled in the programme. Participants attended a median of 10 out of 13 lifestyle sessions and were able to meet dietary and activity goals 72.7% and 56.3% of the time, respectively. At the end of the programme, median weight loss was 4.5% and median activity was 297 minutes/week (median change +164 minutes/week).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The modified DPP intervention was feasible to deliver to this group of cancer survivors who had risk factors for diabetes or CVD. Incorporating successful prevention programmes such as the DPP into cancer survivorship care has the potential to improve health behaviours and chronic disease risk factors in the cancer survivor population.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132017734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge, Practices, and Risk of Diabetic Foot Syndrome Among Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bengaluru, India 印度班加罗尔三级医院糖尿病患者糖尿病足综合征的知识、实践和风险

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10310864

Deign Maria John, J. John, Mervyn Ronit Raj, Farah Naaz Fathima

{"title":"Knowledge, Practices, and Risk of Diabetic Foot Syndrome Among Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bengaluru, India","authors":"Deign Maria John, J. John, Mervyn Ronit Raj, Farah Naaz Fathima","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10310864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10310864","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic foot syndrome is common in uncontrolled diabetes and is a constellation of symptoms and signs that include neuropathy, infection, and ischaemia. It has become a global concern and a frequent cause of hospitalisation among diabetics. In this study, the authors’ objective was to assess the knowledge, practices, and risk of diabetic foot syndrome among diabetic patients seeking outpatient care at a tertiary hospital in Bengaluru, India. A cross-sectional study involving 198 patients with diabetes aged ≥18 years was conducted using a structured questionnaire, followed by examination using Inlow’s 60-second diabetic foot screen tool. The results were based on the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) risk classification system. The knowledge regarding diabetic foot syndrome was inadequate for fungal infections (23.5%), shoe bites (26.5%), and changes in foot colour and temperature. Footcare practices were satisfactory, with the exception of wearing footwear indoors (25.0%) and applying moisturiser to feet (19.0%). Lack of education, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, history of foot ulcer, and a lack of knowledge regarding dry skin, special footwear, and inappropriate footwear were important risk factors. The researchers concluded that the knowledge level of the subjects was relatively poor. Foot practices, such as inspecting and washing feet every day, were followed by the majority of subjects. Lack of education, complications such as neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, dry skin, and lack of information obtained on foot care practices were significantly associated with diabetic foot syndrome.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128493790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Rewriting Medical Textbooks: The Kidney as a Window to the Heart – The Role of Sodium–Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular and Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 重写医学教科书:肾脏作为心脏的窗口-钠-葡萄糖转运蛋白2抑制剂在2型糖尿病患者心血管和肾脏疾病中的作用

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313457

Jennifer Taylor

{"title":"Rewriting Medical Textbooks: The Kidney as a Window to the Heart – The Role of Sodium–Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular and Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Jennifer Taylor","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10313457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10313457","url":null,"abstract":"This symposium took place during the 2019 meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Focussing on the kidney as a window to the heart, the speakers discussed connections between the kidney and the heart, potential mechanisms, and the role of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patient management. Prof De Nicola set the scene with projected numbers of patients with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Prof DeFronzo gave a description of the natural history of diabetic nephropathy, microalbuminuria as a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the Steno hypothesis linking impaired vascular endothelial dysfunction with vascular leakage of albumin. He concluded his talk by describing why patients with CKD are predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prof Groop provided insights into the mechanisms of renal protection by SLGT2 inhibitors. He explained the ‘tubular hypothesis’, whereby SLGT2 inhibitors correct glomerular hypertension by inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Prof Perkovic highlighted data from randomised controlled trials which enhanced understanding of the potential effects that might be achieved with SLGT2 inhibitors. The meeting concluded with a lively discussion between panel members and the audience.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128366823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 妊娠期糖尿病的病理生理学

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313616

Z. Berberoğlu

引用次数: 2

Low-Carbohydrate Diets and Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 低碳水化合物饮食与1型糖尿病的血糖控制

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313261

M. Diamond, Ewan Clark

{"title":"Low-Carbohydrate Diets and Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"M. Diamond, Ewan Clark","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10313261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10313261","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the successful treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus through total calorific and/or dietary carbohydrate restriction has been well established. The use of low-carbohydrate diets for the adjunctive management of Type 1 diabetes mellitus has been studied but to a lesser extent. Over the past 20 years, a growing body of evidence has examined the effects of daily carbohydrate restriction on the key markers of glycaemic control, including blood glucose variability, average daily blood glucose readings, and HbA1c. The majority of publications to date have demonstrated a beneficial impact of carbohydrate reduction on glycaemic control. Indeed, similar findings have also been replicated using diets restricted to foods with a low glycaemic index. Interestingly, following a low-carbohydrate diet can also uncover the hyperglycaemic effects of fat and protein consumption, and the clinical implications of this will be discussed within this review. There is evidence, however, to suggest that these diets can be difficult to adhere to and that they may even pose health risks to the patient. Acutely, they can cause hypo or hyperglycaemic events, potentiate the risks of ketosis, and deplete systemic glycogen stores. The long-term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet are not well documented; however, possible complications can include alterations in lipid profiles, micronutrient deficiencies, cardiac complications, and nephrolithiasis. This review presents an overview of the major studies to date that have looked at carbohydrate dietary manipulation and the subsequent impact on glycaemic control in populations with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"28 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128669967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Editor’s Pick: How Can We Develop More Effective Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention? A Paradigm Shift from a Glucose-Centric to a Beta Cell-Centric Concept of Diabetes 编者按:我们如何制定更有效的2型糖尿病预防策略?从以葡萄糖为中心到以β细胞为中心的糖尿病概念的范式转变

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313184

Y. Saisho

{"title":"Editor’s Pick: How Can We Develop More Effective Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention? A Paradigm Shift from a Glucose-Centric to a Beta Cell-Centric Concept of Diabetes","authors":"Y. Saisho","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10313184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10313184","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is defined as chronic hyperglycaemia due to insufficient insulin action. Over the last few decades, various different types of antidiabetic medications have been developed and the management of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been substantially improved. While we can now successfully control hyperglycaemia in patients with T2DM, the number of patients with T2DM continues to rise. In addition, the financial cost of T2DM is a worldwide problem and cost-effective strategies for T2DM prevention are eagerly awaited. To develop and establish more effective prevention strategies for T2DM, this paper proposes a paradigm shift from a glucose-centric to a beta cell-centric concept of T2DM management. This concept makes it easier for medical staff and patients to understand the process of the development of T2DM and its complications in a pathophysiology-based, continuous, and integrated manner; the glucose-centric concept has so far failed to emphasise the importance of intensive intervention before the onset of T2DM. It is hoped that this paradigm shift in the management of T2DM will foster the development of novel preventive strategies to effectively control this pandemic disease.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133844232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Efficacy of Wearable Devices to Measure and Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Diabetes 可穿戴设备在糖尿病管理中测量和促进身体活动的功效

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10312817

H. Hamasaki

{"title":"Efficacy of Wearable Devices to Measure and Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Diabetes","authors":"H. Hamasaki","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10312817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10312817","url":null,"abstract":"Physical inactivity is a global health problem that contributes to the increasing risk of obesity and diabetes. Wearable devices are defined as technologies that can be comfortably worn on the body and that are designed to be effective at improving the health and overall fitness of the wearer. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the current studies investigating the efficacy of wearable devices, especially mobile applications, for the management of diabetes. The use of pedometers or accelerometers has been shown to increase physical activity by approximately 1 hour per week; however, rates of obesity and diabetes were not affected. Although recent assessments of the effect of smartphone applications on physical activity and glycaemic control are sparse, they are useful for promoting physical activity and for treating diabetes. The interactions with patients using wearable devices for self-monitoring, education, and coaching are essential for the improvement of diabetes. However, there are currently no clinical trials investigating the efficacy of the ‘perfect’ wearable device, whereby patients with diabetes can accurately and comfortably monitor their physical activity, energy balance, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose level. Analysis of big data from wearable device users will contribute to the development of effective wearable devices. Developments in wearable technology are anticipated and further studies will be required to assess the efficacy of wearable devices in measuring and promoting physical activity in the management of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"180 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113959177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3