Efficacy of Wearable Devices to Measure and Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Diabetes

Abstract

Physical inactivity is a global health problem that contributes to the increasing risk of obesity and diabetes. Wearable devices are defined as technologies that can be comfortably worn on the body and that are designed to be effective at improving the health and overall fitness of the wearer. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the current studies investigating the efficacy of wearable devices, especially mobile applications, for the management of diabetes. The use of pedometers or accelerometers has been shown to increase physical activity by approximately 1 hour per week; however, rates of obesity and diabetes were not affected. Although recent assessments of the effect of smartphone applications on physical activity and glycaemic control are sparse, they are useful for promoting physical activity and for treating diabetes. The interactions with patients using wearable devices for self-monitoring, education, and coaching are essential for the improvement of diabetes. However, there are currently no clinical trials investigating the efficacy of the ‘perfect’ wearable device, whereby patients with diabetes can accurately and comfortably monitor their physical activity, energy balance, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose level. Analysis of big data from wearable device users will contribute to the development of effective wearable devices. Developments in wearable technology are anticipated and further studies will be required to assess the efficacy of wearable devices in measuring and promoting physical activity in the management of diabetes.