Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication defined as a glucose intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM is growing rapidly worldwide. Two major metabolic disorders, chronic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, are currently linked to the pathogenesis of GDM, although the cellular mechanisms involved are not yet completely understood. Maternal genetic predisposition coupled with environmental and fetoplacental factors initiates a chain of events that affects mother and fetus, both in the short and long term. Understanding of pathophysiology and risk factors will enhance the possibility of effective screening, early intervention, and even prevention.