{"title":"TÜRK HALK MÜZİĞİ ÜFLEME ÇALGILAR EĞİTİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ","authors":"Umut Erarslan, Atilla Özdek, Yavuz Selim Kaleli","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.956680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.956680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128913119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SÂDULLAH AĞA’NIN ZENCÎR BESTELERİNDE ÜSLÛP VE MAKÂMIN BİÇİME ETKİSİ","authors":"Cem Çirak","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.956675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.956675","url":null,"abstract":"Hayati hakkinda detayli bilgiye sahip olamadigimiz Sâdullah Aga gunumuze ulasmayi basaran eserleriyle geleneksel Turk muziginin onemli bestecileri arasinda sayilmaktadir. Eserlerinin arastirma kapsaminda verimli denklemler olusturmasi ve hakkinda yazilmis kisitli literature katki yapilmasi geregi Sâdullah Aga’nin eserleri incelenecek besteci olarak secilmesinde belirleyici olmustur. Makalede bestecinin Zencir usulunde ve beste turundeki eserleri bicim yonunden incelenmistir. Eserlerin usullerinin, ve gufte vezinlerinin arastirmada sabit tutulmasiyla makam degiskeninin eser biciminde etki sahibi olup olmadigi degerlendirilmistir. Eserlerin yuksek dogrulukta veriler uretecek sekilde incelenebilmesi icin nushalari arasindan secim yapilmis veya nushalar karsilastirilarak kolektif bir nusha olusturulmustur. Gufte bicimleri, muzik cumleleri ve bu cumleleri teskil eden yapi birimleri, bicim kurgulari ve vezin yerlesimleri arastirilmistir. Sonuc olarak bestecinin uslubuna dair cesitli bilgiler Zencir besteleri kapsaminda uretilmis ve makamin beste bicimine bazi etkileri tespit edilmistir. Eserlerde kullanilan cesni ve geckilerin ana makamla olan yakinligi azaldikca bu degisimlerin muzik cumlecigi kurgularinda genisleme ve ozgunlesmeye sebebiyet verdigi, bestelerin genelinde ise makamlarin niseb-i serifeleri (makamsal etki cesitliligi) arttikca muzik cumlelerinin kurgularinin sadelestigi, muzik cumleciklerinin benzestigi anlasilmistir. Ayrica muzik cumleciklerinin baslangic ve bitislerinin Zencir usulunu teskil eden usullerin baglantilarina konumlandirilmasiyla geckiler olusmasinin onlendigi ve usule ozgun bir nitelik kazandirildigi gorulmustur.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131444381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HÂDİYE ÖTÜGEN’İN TIRNAK KEMENÇE TAKSİMLERİ: İCRÂ VE ÜSLÛP ANALİZİ","authors":"Beril Çakmakoğlu","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.956644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.956644","url":null,"abstract":"Hâdiye Otugen, 20. yuzyilda yasamis onemli kadin tirnak kemence icrâcilarindandir. Otugen, yasadigi yillar boyunca ozellikle TRT kurumu radyo programlarinda tirnak kemence ve viyolonsel calgilariyla bircok programda yer almistir. Bu calismada Otugen’in radyo programlarinda icrâ ettigi tirnak kemence taksimlerinin analizi yapilmistir. Calismada, analiz yoluyla elde edilen sonuclar dogrultusunda icrâcinin taksim turu cercevesinde sergiledigi yaratma davranislarinin aciklanmasi amaclanmistir. Calismanin evreni, Otugen’in tirnak kemence taksimleri ile sinirlandirilmistir. Arastirma surecinde oncelikle icrâcinin tirnak kemence taksimleri notaya alinmistir. Taksimler bicim ve icerik yonunden analiz edilerek icrâ uslubu ile ilgili verilere ulasilmaya calisilmistir. Ezgiler cumle ve cumleciklere ayrilarak analiz edilmistir. Taksimlerde karsilastigimiz; tartim, kalip muzik ifadesi ve ezgi yapilanmalarinin ozgunlugu ayrica gelenege bagli olup olmadigi, susleme tekniklerinin kullanim ozellikleri gibi veriler degerlendirilerek, bazi sonuclar elde edilmistir. Elde edilen veriler dogrultusunda, tartim, kalip muzik ifadesi ve ezgi yapilanmalarinin Otugen’in taksim icrâsi baglaminda gelenegi basari ile temsil ettigi ve kendine ozgu uslubu ile tirnak kemence icra geleneginde onemli bir yere sahip oldugunu soylemek mumkundur. Hâdiye Otugen’in tirnak kemence icrâsi ile ilgili daha once herhangi bir calisma yapilmamis olmasi nedeniyle, bu calismanin alana katki sunmasi beklenmektedir.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131567336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Musical Tastes of Z Generation in the Adana Province","authors":"Timur Vural, Özge Açıkgöz","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.844767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.844767","url":null,"abstract":"Bu arastirma, Adana’da yasayan Z Kusagi bireyleri muzik begenilerini analiz etmek amaciyla olusturulmustur. Arastirmada, literatur taramasi ve anket tekniklerinden yararlanilmistir. Bilimsel arastirmanin tumdengelim ozelliginden faydalanilarak Adana ili cografi ve kulturel ozelliklerinden bahsedilmis, muzik begenisi, Z kusagi gencligi ve populer kulturunun genel ozellikleri aciklanmis daha sonra; Adana ili Z kusagi muzik begenisi aciklanmistir, yani genelden ozele inilerek bir bilimsel arastirma teknigi kullanilmistir. Arastirma metodu olarak, anket metodu kullanilmistir. Adana ilinin merkez ilcelerinden 4 farkli ilceye, esit sayilarda, toplam 880 z kusagi bireyine anket uygulanmistir. Toplanan veriler siniflandirilarak bilgisayara aktarilmistir. Z kusagi bireyleri, kimleri, nasil, ne seklide dinliyor gibi temel sorularin cevresinde, bu sorulari destekleyen sorularla, veriler toplanmis, siniflandirilmis ve analiz edilmistir. Arastirmanin son bolumunde sonuclar ve onerilere yer verilmistir. Bu calismanin dikkat cekici sonuclarindan biri cesitliliktir. Z kusagi bireyinin tercihlerindeki cesitlilik dikkat cekicidir. Dinledikleri sarkicilarin, muzik dinleme kanallarinin, muzik turlerinin cesitliligi kuresellesen dunyada farkliligin kaybedildigi dusuncesine karsi sonuclar olusturmaktadir. Bu verilerin sebepleri calismada derinlemesine analiz edilmistir.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phonograph in Anatolia and the Preliminary Researches in terms of Comparative Musicology","authors":"Songül Karahasanoğlu","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.845902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.845902","url":null,"abstract":"2017 yilinda Francesco Giannattasio ve Giovanni Giuriati tarafindan yayima hazirlanan Perspectives On A 21st Century Comparative Musicology: Ethnomusicology Or Transcultural Musicology? baslikli kitapta karsilastirilmali muzikoloji alani 21. yy’daki onemli arastirmacilari, yeni teorileri ve yeni yaklasimlari ortaya koyularak tartisilmisti. Benzer bir sekilde etnomuzikolojide yeni yonelimlerin ve tartismalarin yogunlastigi bu donemde karsilastirmali muzikoloji ile ilgili olarak 20.yy’in ilk ceyregine ve Turkiye’ye odaklanan onemli bir kitap karsimiza cikiyor: Fonograf Alanda.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122666624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"a Fadeless Colour Achievement Method in Violin Varnishing Tradition: Precipitation and Rubia Tinctorium","authors":"Murat Küçükebe","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.846876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.846876","url":null,"abstract":"The natural colorants were the primal materials used by the handcraft masters before the appearance of the industrial product coloring materials in the year of 1856 (Genç, 2014, p. 174). However; it is known that these materials which were used from the beginning of the stone age until the end of the 19 th century, valued the same as gold in antiquity and whose usage was explained in detail on the Egyptian cuneiform scripts lost their importance and popularity with the appearance of synthetic products (Erkan, et al., 2010, p. 2). In natural dying while there are animal and herbal resources which can give almost all the colors, some of the plants’ all parts, some others’ roots, leaves, shell, branches or offshoots are used (Şanlı, 2017, p. 772). One of these, rubia tinctorium , stands out as a herbal color resource whose offshoots were used in the past in order to obtain a special red color. The aim of this article is to share the practice steps applied to obtain a red colored pigment given a permanent/fadeless quality by means of a special precipitation method similar to the technique called mordanlama in Anatolia out of rubia tinctorium which is known to be a colorant used commonly until the industrial coloring’ becoming widespread in Italian products violin varnishing tradition in Europe. Abstract The natural colorants were the primal materials used by the handcraft masters before the appearance of the industrial product coloring materials in the year of 1856 (Genç, 2014, p. 174). However; it is known that these materials which were used from the beginning of the stone age until the end of the 19th century, valued the same as gold in antiquity and whose usage was explained in detail on the Egyptian cuneiform scripts lost their importance and popularity with the appearance of synthetic products (Erkan, et al., 2010, s. 2). In natural dying while there are animal and herbal resources which can give almost all the colors, some of the plants’ all parts, some others’ roots, leaves, shell, branches or offshoots are used (Şanlı, 2017, p. 772). One of these, rubia tinctorium , stands out as a herbal color resource whose offshoots were used in the past in order to obtain a special red color. The aim of this article is to share the practice steps applied to obtain a red colored pigment given a permanent/fadeless quality by means of a special precipitation method similar to the technique called mordanlama in Anatolia out of rubia tinctorium which is known to be a colorant used commonly until the industrial coloring’ becoming widespread in Italian products violin varnishing tradition in Europe. Organology is the the in terms of culture or structure. Syntagma , the second of of the work called De by Michael Praetorius th century) was effective in the of the name for this branch. De Vale defined three main fields as taxonomical, analytical and practical as an effort to organize the organology discipline. The taxonomical classifying musical analytical field n","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131399826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptation of Aydın Kadıoğlu Zeybek to Violin","authors":"Ozan Gülüm","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.844777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.844777","url":null,"abstract":"Arastirmanin amaci, Aydin Kadioglu Zeybeginin geleneksel davul-zurna icralarinda bulunan karakteristigi yansitici bir keman uyarlamasini ortaya koymak; bu uyarlamanin nasil yapilacagina iliskin gerekli adimlari belirlemek; Aydin Kadioglu Zeybegi geleneksel davul-zurna icra karakteristigi ve uluslararasi keman calma tekniklerini bir arada kullanirken karsilasilabilecek sorunlara cozum onerileri gelistirmek; Aydin Kadioglu Zeybeginin geleneksel uc davul-zurna icrasinin detayli notasyonunu ve bu notasyonun analizini yaparak kayit altina almaktir. Nitel bir arastirma olan bu calismada betimsel arastirma yontemlerinden genel tarama modeli benimsenmistir. Ayrica keman uyarlamasinin geleneksel icralarda gorulen karakteristik muzikal unsurlari ne duzeyde yansittiginin tespitine yonelik 5’li likert tipine uygun bir gorusme formu hazirlanmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, Aydin Kadioglu Zeybegi uc davul-zurna icrasinda 9/2’lik bilesik usulun 3+2+2+2 diziliminin kullanildigi; icralarin ana zurna, dem zurna ve davul olmak uzere uc partiden olustugu; ezginin neveser makamina gecki bulunan nikriz makami ile olustugu tespit edilirken; karakteristik ogelerin dem ses, carpma, cift carpma, vibrato, glissando, ritardando, accelerando ve ucleme oldugu belirlenmistir. Keman uyarlamasinin muzikal analizinde nikriz makam seslerinin kullanildigi; sag elde detache, legato, staccato ve ricochet yay teknikleri kullanildigi; sol elde cift tel calma, pizzicato, glissando, carpma, cift carpma, trill, aksan ve flajole kullanildigi ve I-II-III-IV.konumlar kullanildigi tespit edilmistir. Alan uzmanlarinin gorusleri neticesinde Aydin Kadioglu Zeybegi keman uyarlamasinin, arastirma kapsaminda belirlenen karakteristik ogeler dogrultusunda, geleneksel icralardaki karakteristigi yansittigi tespit edilmistir.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"316 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133819053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Master-Apprentice (Teacher-Student) Relations in İsmail Dede School","authors":"C. Çırak, Sıtkı Bahadır Tutu","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.846851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.846851","url":null,"abstract":"Geleneksel Turk muziginin tarih boyunca karsilastigimiz onemli sahsiyetlerinden olan Ismâil Dede Efendi, kalici ve basarili eserler uretmesine ve bircok onemli ogrenci yetistirmesine bagli olarak bir “zirve” kabul edilmistir. Bircok arastirmaci ve musikisinasin klasik donem olarak benimsedigi surecin son perdesinin Dellalzâde, Mutafzâde, Mehmet Bey ve Zekâi Dede gibi onde gelen isimleri Ismâil Dede’nin egitiminden gecmis bestecilerdir. Sanatciligi kadar hocalik niteligi de yuksek bir besteci olan Ismâil Dede, yetistirdigi ogrencileriyle birlikte burada Ismâil Dede Ekolu olarak tanimladigimiz muzik ekolunu olusturmustur. Burada; mesk uygulamasinin detaylari ekol mensuplarinin biyografilerindeki anekdotlardan ogrenilirken, ayni zamanda mesk birlikteliginin, ortak kultur dairesinde olusan ortak sanat yonelimlerinin sagladigi zeminin, hocalar ve ogrenciler arasinda kurulan iliskinin yuksek ahlak seviyesine tesvik eden duygusal katmanlarin kesfedildigi boyutlari incelenmistir. Bu sayede mesk uygulamasinin teknik ozelliklerinin otesindeki kisisel iliskiler ve ileri seviye derslerdeki calismalar tespit edilmistir. Ileri seviye derslerde, eser ezberlemenin haricinde bestecilik hakkinda yuksek seviye derslere gecilmis, dersler muzik icrâlarinin yapildigi sosyal etkinliklere evrilerek genislemistir. Hoca-ogrenci arasindaki egitim ve duygu yogunluguna bagli olarak gelisen cok katmanli manevi iliskiler de burada incelenmistir. Bu iliskiler hem mesleki hem duygusal acilardan hayat boyu surmustur. Calismanin gunumuz muzik egitiminde verimliligi artirmaya imkân saglayabilecegi dusunulmektedir.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115362865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of the Relationship between Usûl, Aruz and Melody of the Works Composed in the Çenber Usûl","authors":"S. Karaman, Nurten Yilmaz","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.844785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.844785","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a case study was carried out on the harmony of usul (rhythmic pattern) with aruz (meter), and melody with lyrics of cenber usul compositions from the oral works of classical Turkish music composed in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Documentary screening and document review methods were used in the study. Seventy-two notes of the work were found in the documentary screening. Except for one of the works in the beste form, the rhythms were identified and divided into groups. According to the findings obtained, the distribution of the works belonging to the classified rhythms in the tempo schematics and the melody-tempo relationship according to the course of the melody were shown. At the end of the research it was found that 56 of the works composed in the cenber usul are fâ'ilâtun / fâ'ilâtun / fâ'ilâtun / fâ'ilun; 9 of the works are mefâ'ilun / mefâ'ilun / mefâ'ilun / mefâ'ilun / mefâ'ilun, 4 are fe'ilâtun / fe'ilâtun / fe'ilâtun / fe'ilun(fâ'il); 1 mefâ'il / fe'ilâtun / mefâ'ilun / fe'ilun and 1 of them were in the of mef'ulu / fâ'ilâtu / mefâ'ilu / fâ'il rhythm, and that the tempos are compatible with the lyrics, as well as with the melodies.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131584904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary Dance Solo Choreography Inspired From a Mime Play Etude: Act Without Word I","authors":"Seçil Demircan","doi":"10.31722/ejmd.844791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31722/ejmd.844791","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calisma, Samuel Beckett’in ozellikle bir dansci ile calistigi Sozsuz Oyun I (Becket, 1993) adli mim eserinin oyun yapisi ile cagdas dans solo iliskisine bakmakta ve eser uretim surecine dair bilgiler vermektedir. Arastirmanin temeli, Beckett’in oyun, beden ve sahne tavri ile dansci bedenine ait hareket deneyiminin urunu olan bedensel enerji, hareket teknigi, algi ve hafizanin metinle iliskisi nasil kurulabilir sorularindan hareketle olusturulmaktadir. Arastirma surecinde oyun metnine ait mekân, hareket ve uzam unsurlarinin dansci bedenle olan iliskisi ve beklentileri arasindaki baglantisi dogaclama hareket arastirmalariyla kurulmakta ve yeni calisma onerilerinde bulunmaktadir. Hareket arastirmalarinda dansi biricik ve metnin ihtiyaclari dogrultusunda degerlendirirken, koreografiyi metnin verili kaynaklari icinde donusturerek uygulamaktadir. Calisma son olarak muzisyenin tasarladigi ses tasarim kompozisyonu ve hareket kompozisyonel ogelerinin bicimlendirilmesi ile birlikte tamamlanmis, 15 dakika uzunlugunda cagdas dans solo eseri ‘Etut: Sozsuz Oyun I (Demircan, 2019)’ uretilmis ve sahnelenmistir.","PeriodicalId":416510,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Music and Dance","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124481160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}