Herald of an Archivist最新文献

{"title":"The Omsk Chekists Working with Ex–White Counterintelligence Agents: The Gudimov-Gorsky Incident","authors":"D. I. Petin","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-576-588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-576-588","url":null,"abstract":"Modern Russian academic science pays close attention to the history of national state security agencies, noting that studying their experience is of high importance for understanding the functioning of state and society institutions, especially in the era of social cataclysms. The article presents previously unknown episode from the work of the Omsk Chekists at the final stage of the Civil War in Siberia concerning opposition of the Soviet state security agencies to the activities of the White counterintelligence and physical neutralization of its employees and agents in the RSFSR. The article is to analyze forms and methods of the special services opposing one another at the end of the Civil War in the East of Russia, using the example of the final stage in the biography of Lieutenant Colonel Gudimov-Gorsky. The studied issue is connected to the general historiography of the problem, emphasizing the relevance of research. The study draws on a complex of unpublished sources from Gudimov-Gorsky’s archival criminal case, which was in closed departmental storage during the Soviet period. The theoretical basis is anthropological and systematic approaches, problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods, which permits to trace the described military and political processes in the general context of functioning of state and society, attempting to comprehend, among other things, the influence of human factor and random element on the outcome of some precedents in the work of regional bodies of the Cheka. The final part of the article underscores debatable problematic points related to the limited source base and complexity of biographical identification of Gudimov-Gorsky. Thus, the study is deemed uncompleted, however, it opens a way to further development of the designated broad issue. The publication may be of interest to the specialists studying the Civil War in the East of Russia, activities of national state security agencies in the era of social cataclysms, existence of officers during the revolutionary processes, as well as socio-political life in the early Soviet society.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69389130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the Personal Provenance Fond of the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich from the State Archive of the Russian Federation: 1878-1918","authors":"Anna M. Lavryonova, Marina V. Sofjina, Dmitriy M. Sofjin","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-906-921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-906-921","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an overview of the personal provenance fond of the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich—member of the Russian Imperial House, younger brother of Emperor Nicholas II, a major military, state, and public figure, who held the posts of the Commander of the Savage Division, member of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers, Chairman of the Imperial Russian Historical Museum, who for a time was heir to the throne—which is stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The archival fond, formed and described in the Soviet period, contains 137 storage units, including, among others, personal diaries of the fond-maker, epistolary and educational materials, business papers, official documents, photographs and drawings. The history of the fond formation is described, various groups of files are analyzed, their information potential, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of materials are assessed, source analysis of the most important documents is provided, most revealing quotes are given. Special attention is paid to the diaries of the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, his correspondence and its most voluminous part, letters to his cousin and lover, Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and letters from the Grand Duke’s tutor Ferdinand Tormeyer and from his wife Natalia Brasova. Letters and telegrams from other relatives were deposited in smaller number (his mother, Empress Maria Feodorovna, his brother, Emperor Nicholas II, his sisters, Grand Duchesses Xenia and Olga, his niece, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, his cousin, Princess Tyra of Denmark), as well as statesmen and courtiers: the Minister of the Imperial Court Baron Freedericksz, Lady-in-Waiting of the Imperial Court Countess Vorontsova-Dashkova, and others. The Grand Duke’s diaries and correspondence reflect his personal life, official and social activities. Illustrative material is presented in the fond quite voluminously, primarily, as photographs, including those taken by the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich himself, as well as his own drawings. A significant array of storage units of the fond was introduced into scientific use, mostly, by the historian Vladimir Khrustalev; some of the materials were published (mainly diaries and correspondence of the period of the World War I); however, many documents still require scientific research to reveal little-explored aspects of the Grand Duke’s life and work.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"113 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Church Sources of the Barnaul Spiritual Government of the Second Half of the 18th – Early 19th Century: Specificity of Materials Preservation in the Archives of Siberia","authors":"Dmitry E. Sarafanov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-687-699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-687-699","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines issues of mass sources preservation of the Barnaul Spiritual Commissioned Government (BSG) of the second half of the 18th – early 19th century. The object of the study is confession sheets and parish books of 24 BSG parishes, deposited in the archives of Siberia: the State Archive of the Tomsk Region (GATO), the State Archive of the Altai Krai (GAAK), and the State Archive of the Novosibirsk Region (GANO). The BSG within its present borders covers the territory of the Altai Krai, the Republic of Altai, and some districts of the Tomsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk regions and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Despite extensive historiography on the institution of the Orthodox Church in Siberia, there are almost no works on the development of parish system of the West Siberian region, on characteristics of demographic processes, and peculiarities of mass sources preservation of the second half of the 18th – early 19th century. It is concluded that during the initial period of the BSG work (1750–54), mass documentation was poorly preserved (there exist occasional registers for individual parishes). The majority of confession sheets were deposited in the GATO after 1755. The level of source preservation can be assessed as high (although uneven in different parishes): in the general approximation, losses of documents amount to 9.3% of the chronological duration. There are more frequent temporary gaps in preservation of documents for parishes that were transferred from one spiritual government to another. Dispersion of the documentary complex over various fonds of the GATO is low. The GATO demonstrates good preservation of confessional sheets, in the GAAK their representation is poor, and they are absent in the GANO. The BSG parish books are dispersed in various archives of Siberia and in various fonds of these archives. The main collection of the BSG sources has been preserved in three fonds of the GATO (56 archival files). The loss of documents in this archive amount to 26.7% of the chronological duration. For some parishes, the proportion of source losses is even greater. The materials of the GANO (43 archival files) and GAAK partially fill in data gaps. However, even in these archives, files differ in their completeness. Thus, in the GAAK, the array of BSG sources has been preserved with small gaps only for 5–8 parishes, mostly after 1802. In all three Siberian archives there are sources for a later period (19th – early 20th century), but these are outside the scope of our research.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Segment of Productive Society of Russia in the 1950s – 1960s: Sources on the Problem of Perception of Socio-Economic and Political Inequality","authors":"A. Stoletova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-233-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-233-248","url":null,"abstract":"Epistolary heritage of the 20th century is a mass source on the history of the development of way of thinking, world perception, worldview, self-awareness of the Russian society. Large blocks of documents of this type are stored in many central and regional archives and libraries. The author raises the issue of identification of letters written by representatives of the productive segment. Employees and workers from the average strata of the working class left much commentary on socio-economic and political processes in the country. As a rule, these were sent to Soviet newspapers or directly to the Central Committee of the CPSU. In the Central Committee, letters were distributed to specialized departments and registered in the press sector. A significant corpus of these documents (partially declassified) is preserved in fond 5 (“Apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1949–1991)”) and in fond 100 (Subdivision of Letters of the General Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1953–1991)”) in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. However, establishing to which strata of productive society the authors belonged seems a difficult task. Many texts are anonymous or written by pensioners, war invalids, groups of workers of unknown specialization. Nevertheless, data obtained from the letters relates not only to material conditions, everyday life, work and rest, but also to factors influencing norms of behavior, political preferences. Analysis of documentary data informs of formation of socio-psychological portraits of groups of workers in production and overproduction, as well as of levels of public consciousness, value orientations, spiritual world, mentality that were developing in the productive environment. The article concludes that epistolary genre reflected the situation of social reformatting in the 1950s – 1960s. The letters illuminate the process of genesis of a social and labor community with new moral and managerial values and attitudes. Demarcation in the productive society deepened, as acute and urgent social phenomena of working life intensified. In state economic structure there emerged two types of behavior. One gravitated towards preservation and reproduction of traditions. This was characteristic of the lower strata of society: urban and rural workers, proletarians. They insisted on collectivism, equalization, fairness. A different type of lifestyle was associated with moneymaking part of the society, middle and upper classes: party nomenklatura, specialists, managers. They set their own agenda, one reflected in the letters of ordinary people as “abuses.”","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69385894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Studies Aspects of the History of Islam in Russia on the Pages of the \"Maglyumat\" Magazine: 1908–17","authors":"G.KH. Abdrafikova, Ilshat S. Igdavletov, A. Salikhov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-59-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-59-72","url":null,"abstract":"The early 20th century saw a rapid development of the Turkic Muslim periodical press in Russia. In a short time, a significant number of magazines and newspapers of various directions appeared in the country. They published materials about life, socio-economic situation of the peoples of Russia. The article is to analyze the articles and publications of the Arabic-language Turkic magazine Maglyumat, published in Ufa by the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly. It examines the history of the magazine’s creation and analyzes its publications. The object of the study is issues from 1908–10 and 1916–17. The research is based on materials from the issues preserved in the Manuscript Fond of the G. B. Khusainov Order of the Badge of Honor Institute of History, Language, and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFITs RAN) and in the Department of Rare Books of the Scientific Library of the UFITs RAN. Comparative-historical, systemic, and historical-typological methods have been used in the study. Archeographic study and systematic analysis of various issues show that the magazine’s publications were not limited to religious topics. They covered a wide range of issues of the Muslim population’s life, from government orders and resolutions to opening of new mosques and madrasahs. Unlike many other magazines of the period, it contained materials on the Muslims’ situation in the Russian Empire. Much attention was paid to the position of the Bashkirs, the land issue, there were publications of sources and historical works on the history of Bashkortostan, some were translated from Russian. Much attention was paid to the history and activities of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly. A number of materials highlighted the publishing program of the magazine. At the time of its existence, the issue of Muslim education remained an urgent problem. The discussion continued between supporters of old- and new-fashioned education. One of the articles in defense of the new methods in education was written by a well-known Muslim figure Z. Rasulev together with like-minded people. Socio-political changes in the country after 1917 were also reflected on its pages. The research shows that the Maglumat is a valuable source for studying various spheres of the Muslims’ life in the early 20th century. Its materials reflect different aspects of the life of the society of the specified period and its condition, provide information on the socio-economic situation, cultural development of the Russian Muslims.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69387530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem of Manning the 6th Stalin's Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps on the Example of the 75th Stalin's Separate Volunteer Rifle Brigade of Omsk-Siberians (1942)","authors":"A. Sushko","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-378-389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-378-389","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the problem of manning the formations of the 6th Stalinist Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps formed in the summer of 1942. The study has been carried out on the basis of office materials of the Siberian regional party organizations of the CPSU (B) and the NKVD bodies involved in the formation of the corps. The study has been conducted on the basis of principles of consistency and historicism. It uses problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods to compare data from departmental and party documents, to trace the formation of volunteer formations in Siberian cities. The article proves that the historians’ assessments of timely formation of Siberian volunteer formations do not correspond to facts. The reason for this is that the existing scientific research on the history of the 6th Stalinist Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps is based on party reports that paint a picture of successful recruitment of volunteers into the military formation. They quote figures, telling of thousands and tens of thousands who wrote applications for admission to the brigade, but they keep silent about difficulties that frustrated the timely recruitment of the required number of volunteers. The article analyzes difficulties in the corps formation due to lack of mobilization potential for recruitment of volunteers in Siberia at that time. Data is given on 5 failures in the formation of the corps. The principle of “voluntariness” in the formation of the corps was not respected; a significant number of citizens born in 1924 were conscripted. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the 75th Stalin’s Volunteer Separate Rifle Brigade of Omsk-Siberians. In its formation, the regional authorities faced great difficulties; only 29% of the brigade personnel was recruited in accordance with the principle of voluntariness. The author comes to the conclusion that despite conscription, the corps was voluntary. More than half of its personnel were volunteers. These people brought the “Siberian volunteer spirit” into their units, showed high stamina and mass heroism on the battlefields and subsequently earned the title of guards. The work is addressed to a wide range of researchers studying the history of the Great Patriotic War, problems of creating military units of the people's militia and volunteerism, history of the “Siberian divisions.”","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Debate on the Organization of State Statistics in the Russian Empire","authors":"A. Skrydlov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-413-429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-413-429","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the history of state statistical institutions formation in Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century. In that period, the government gradually came to understand the statistics role in public administration, and yet varying views of the leading statesmen on the goals of administrative statistics resulted in long search for optimal configuration of the statistical agency. Exponents of opposite approaches were the Minister of Police A. D. Balashev and Minister of Internal Affairs V. P. Kochubey. The full text of Balashev’s project “On the statistical institution,” submitted in 1819 for the Committee of Ministers consideration, is being published for the first time, as well as Kochubey’s opinion on the issue. It is noted that Balashev's project encapsulated his ongoing efforts to create the statistical dDepartment of the Ministry of Police, the first body of administrative statistics in Russia. The department was established in 1810 with participation of the Academy of Sciences member, statistician Karl F. Herman. Later, the structure of the department was improved, the problems of staffing and funding solved. The initial ministry staff did not allow for the creation of a separate statistical body, and its activities were regulated only by intra-ministerial instructions. New administrative reform of 1819, when the Ministry of Police merged with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, called into question the future of administrative statistics in Russia. Balashev lost his ministerial post. The status of the statistical department, created as an intra-ministerial experiment, was undefined. In the circumstances, Balashev attempted to preserve the statistical department, formalizing its place in the central administration structure; he sent his proposals to the Committee of Ministers. Balashev's project raised issues of centralization of statistical research (which remains relevant up to date) and proposed to secure the statistical agency’s independent status. He also put forward an idea of involving the scientific community in statistical work through creation of the Statistical Society. The essence of Kochubey's report on Balashev's project amounted to developing statistical units within different ministries and to abandoning all plans for centralized aggregation of statistical information. The projects’ historical context and their significance for evolution of statistics in the Russian Empire are considered.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Features of Communication Between the Soviet Government and the Cossack Population of the Kuban (1920–22): The Chronicle of Staronizhesteblievskaya Stanitsa","authors":"Andrey V. Dyukarev, Evgeny A. Olefir","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-503-515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-503-515","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to consideration of local features of communication between the Soviet government and the Cossack population of the Kuban in 1920–22 on the example of the chronicle of life of Staronizhesteblievskaya stanitsa. Using traditional methods of system analysis, retrospective and comparative approaches to historical research, the authors have set a task of identifying mechanisms for strengthening Soviet power and organizing its interaction with the population in the Kuban villages. The Cossack population was distinguished by its conservative worldview and for most part participated in the Civil War on the side of the White movement. Identification of features of the relationship between the Soviet authorities and the Cossack population of the Kuban in the early Soviet period (1920–22) is relevant for national historical science, as it shows that repressive vector in the system of communication of victorious political forces with individual ethno-social groups and society as a whole was possible, but not mandatory. The novelty of the research lies in consideration of economic, social, and political processes occurring at the grassroots level of the South of Russia rural society, in a Cossack village. Relying on methodological provisions of microhistoric approach, according to which the objects of scientific analysis are historical events and phenomena at the local level, the authors have analyzed socially significant phenomena in the rural society of Staronizhestebliyevskaya stanitsa, revealing features of the Cossack population integration into the Soviet society. The article introduces into scientific use documents of the village revkom and higher Soviet authorities, which highlight social confrontation within the rural society. They show how the Soviet government searched for and implemented mechanisms of combating the “green” insurgency and sabotage of the prodrazverstka, using preventive arrest, confiscation of property, taking and executing hostages. Having reconstructed the chronicle of life of Staronizhesteblievskaya stanitsa in 1920–22, the authors conclude that the Soviet government set a course for confrontation with the wealthy and middle-class Cossacks in its system of communication with the Cossack population of the Kuban in the early 1920s, designing and testing a repressive model of interaction with those disagreeing with political and economic transformations. The study has been carried out on the basis of materials from the State Archive of the Krasnodar Krai. Its results can be used for comprehensive characterization of the Soviet authorities’ activities in the era of their formation and strengthening (1920–22) and of the Kuban Cossacks adaptation to the new model of state and society.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M. M. Zavadovsky's Participation in the Elections to the USSR Academy of Sciences: An Overview of Archival Materials 1938–46","authors":"Oleg P. Belozerov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-892-905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-892-905","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes two unsuccessful attempts of Mikhail Mikhailovich Zavadovsky (1891–1957), prominent specialist in the field of physico-chemical biology, parasitology, endocrinology, and developmental biology, Academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1935), to become a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences that took place in 1938–39 and in 1946 and possible reasons for his failure. The historical literature devoted to Zavadovsky is scarce; the history of his election to the USSR Academy of Sciences has never been studied, and thus, studying it would be an important step towards creating thorough biography of the scientist. When writing this article, such basic methods of historical research as narrative and prosopographic ones have been used. To achieve the declared goal, identification and analysis of relevant archival sources has been carried out. The documents on Zavadovsky?s election discovered to date are preserved in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences; of them of the greatest interest are two scientist’s personal files from the collection of personal files of candidates for full and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences balloted in 1939, materials from Zavadovsky?s personal fond, and materials from the fonds of the Department of Mathematical and Natural Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Department of Biological Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Secretariat of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The article shows that in 1938 Zavadovsky was nominated a candidate for full membership in the USSR Academy of Sciences by a group of scientists representing various research and educational institutions, as well as by the Moscow State University. However, his candidacy did not pass the first filter in the election process, a special commission of the Department of Mathematical and Natural Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, created to discuss candidates for full members of the Academy. Probably, this happened because he had to compete in the elections with T. D. Lysenko and his associates; in any case, there was criticism of Zavadovsky as Lysenko’d antagonist and it even reached public sphere. In 1946, Zavadovsky made a second attempt to be elected, already in status of the Stalin Prize laureate, which he received in the same year; this time he was nominated as a candidate for full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences by the Academic Council of the Faculty of Biology of the Saratov State University. However, he faced certain formal obstacles. The Department of Biological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR had five full member vacancies: two in botany, two in microbiology and biochemistry, and one in evolutionary physiology; thus, Zavadovsky, nominated in zoology, was unable to take part in the election for formal reasons. L. S. Stern?s proposal to consider him as physiologist (which was true) could not be implemented, as unidentif","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photographic Heritage of the Kazan Pharmacist Arnold Brening: History and Composition of the Collection (1904–37)","authors":"Ramina O. Abilova, Yana Yu. Kirillova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-861-875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-861-875","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of studying photographic heritage of the Kazan pharmacist Arnold Brening (1879–37). Its first part examines his biography drawing on documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan and on private archive of his granddaughter Tatyana Brening. Close attention is paid to the professional development of A. Brening, from his apprenticeship at the Brening Heirs Pharmacy to obtaining a pharmacist's degree at the Imperial Kazan University, from tenant to owner of the pharmacy at the corner of Bolshaya Prolomnaya (Bauman street, since 1930) and Universitetskaya. In the same part, the history of formation and development of his photographic practices is revealed. Brening’s passion for photography began during his military service in Harbin in 1904–06. Having returned to Kazan, he continued taking photographs. He subscribed to photographic literature, experimented with retouching and technologies, bought new equipment. Brening regularly cultivated his skills during his walks with camera, “photographic excursions.” He took pictures of architecture, street scenes, town events. After his marriage, his photographic repertoire expanded to portraits of his wife. Brening not only showed his photographic results to a close circle of friends, he sent them to photographic journals and exhibitions in Moscow. After the Russian Revolution, his family lived in Siberia about three years. Upon his return, Brening continued to work in the field of pharmaceuticals and to take photographs of the city and its suburban area. In the 1930s, he worked at Osoaviakhim and later at the Institute of Chemical Technology. In 1937 he was arrested and shot. Among incriminating evidence was his photograph taken in 1917. The second part of the article presents the history of Brening’s photographic heritage. It establishes current location of its disparate parts: at the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Zelenodolsk Museum of Historical and Cultural Heritage, personal archives of citizens; and briefly demonstrates some items. Until late 1980s, Brening’s photographs remained forgotten. They were preserved thanks to the efforts of his wife, children, and granddaughter, and actualized in active work of local historians, journalists, museum specialists in the 1990s–2000s. This article is one of the first steps in scientific understanding of Brening’s photographic heritage.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}