{"title":"Sub-1nm EOT WS2-FET with IDS > 600μA/μm at VDS=1V and SS < 70mV/dec at LG=40nm","authors":"C. Pang, Peng Wu, J. Appenzeller, Zhihong Chen","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372049","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-scaled WS<inf>2</inf> field-effect transistors (FETs) with excellent on-state and off-state performance are reported. A record high on-state current (I<inf>ON</inf>) and ultra-low contact resistance (R<inf>C</inf>) were achieved in a double-gated FET at a much scaled overdrive voltage (V<inf>OV</inf>=V<inf>GS</inf>-V<inf>TH</inf>), reaching > 600 (μA/μm) at V<inf>DS</inf>=1V and V<inf>OV</inf>=2V with a contact resistance of R<inf>C</inf> ~ 500 (Ω*μm). We report statistics of more than 50 FETs with varying channel lengths, showing excellent off-state behaviors with small threshold voltage (V<inf>TH</inf>) variations, near-ideal subthreshold slope (SS), and small drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL). Various channel thicknesses (T<inf>CH</inf>) ranging from 2.1nm to 7nm were carefully evaluated in terms of short channel effects (SCEs) and on-state current, and a WS<inf>2</inf> body thickness of 2.1nm (3 layers, the thinnest in our statistics) shows the best performance in both on-state and off-state.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127778368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nandakumar, I. Boybat, Jin P. Han, S. Ambrogio, P. Adusumilli, R. Bruce, M. BrightSky, M. Rasch, M. Le Gallo, A. Sebastian
{"title":"Precision of synaptic weights programmed in phase-change memory devices for deep learning inference","authors":"S. Nandakumar, I. Boybat, Jin P. Han, S. Ambrogio, P. Adusumilli, R. Bruce, M. BrightSky, M. Rasch, M. Le Gallo, A. Sebastian","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371990","url":null,"abstract":"The precision at which the conductance states can be programmed and maintained over time is central to the operation of analog resistance-based memory devices such as phase-change memory (PCM) in in-memory computing applications such as deep learning and scientific computing. Iterative programming with closed loop feedback is the most common approach towards programming an array of devices to achieve the desired conductance values as stipulated by the application. In this work, we analytically derive the precision associated with the iterative programming scheme and show that it is fundamentally limited by the read noise. The estimated programming noise quantitatively matches that measured experimentally on >1k PCM device arrays incorporating two types of doped GST phase-change materials. We further demonstrate that the conductance drift driven divergence of the programmed conductance states depends on the time of feedback in the iterative programming. Moreover, we studied the impact of the inaccuracy associated with synaptic weight storage on deep learning inference. We demonstrate significant accuracy retention improvements on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and PTB benchmarks by tuning the time of feedback when programming weights on PCM-based DNN inference hardware.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. B. Naik, K. Yamane, T.Y. Lee, J. Kwon, R. Chao, J.H. Lim, N. Chung, B. Behin-Aein, L. Y. Hau, D. Zeng, Y. Otani, C. Chiang, Y. Huang, L. Pu, S. Jang, W. Neo, H. Dixit, S. K. L. C. Goh, E. Toh, T. Ling, J. Hwang, J. W. Ting, R. Low, L. Zhang, C.G. Lee, N. Balasankaran, F. Tan, K. W. Gan, H. Yoon, G. Congedo, J. Mueller, B. Pfefferling, O. Kallensee, A. Vogel, V. Kriegerstein, T. Merbeth, C. Seet, S. Ong, J. Xu, J. Wong, Y. You, S. Woo, T. Chan, E. Quek, S. Siah
{"title":"JEDEC-Qualified Highly Reliable 22nm FD-SOI Embedded MRAM For Low-Power Industrial-Grade, and Extended Performance Towards Automotive-Grade-1 Applications","authors":"V. B. Naik, K. Yamane, T.Y. Lee, J. Kwon, R. Chao, J.H. Lim, N. Chung, B. Behin-Aein, L. Y. Hau, D. Zeng, Y. Otani, C. Chiang, Y. Huang, L. Pu, S. Jang, W. Neo, H. Dixit, S. K. L. C. Goh, E. Toh, T. Ling, J. Hwang, J. W. Ting, R. Low, L. Zhang, C.G. Lee, N. Balasankaran, F. Tan, K. W. Gan, H. Yoon, G. Congedo, J. Mueller, B. Pfefferling, O. Kallensee, A. Vogel, V. Kriegerstein, T. Merbeth, C. Seet, S. Ong, J. Xu, J. Wong, Y. You, S. Woo, T. Chan, E. Quek, S. Siah","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371935","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate highly reliable and mass-production ready 22nm FD-SOI 40Mb embedded-MRAM for industrial-grade (-40~125°C) applications. This technology having 5x solder reflows compatibility stack has passed JEDEC standard qualification (ECC-OFF) with total reliability failures below the product life-time bit-failure-rate requirement for industrial-grade. Using design-process co-optimization, we show the extended performance to meet -40~150°C product operation for Auto-Grade-1 applications with stable read performance, ~47% reduced read power, data retention of 20yrs (0.1 PPM), read disturb rate of <1 PPM for ~1M cycles with 500Oe field, 1M endurance cycles, and stand-by magnetic immunity (SMI) of ~1400Oe at 25°C and ~500Oe at 150°C (0.1 PPM). With magnetic shield-in package solution, we demonstrate ~4kOe SMI at 25°C for 48hrs of field exposure.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ono, Y. Yanagisawa, Y. Komatsu, T. Aoki, Y. Jimbo, S. Ito, Y. Yamane, N. Okuno, H. Kunitake, H. Komagata, S. Sasagawa, S. Yamazaki
{"title":"Hydrogen Absorption Method Using HfOx in Crystalline In-Ga-Zn Oxide FETs for NVM Applications","authors":"T. Ono, Y. Yanagisawa, Y. Komatsu, T. Aoki, Y. Jimbo, S. Ito, Y. Yamane, N. Okuno, H. Kunitake, H. Komagata, S. Sasagawa, S. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372030","url":null,"abstract":"We fabricated and evaluated an oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (OSFET) with a channel of c-axis aligned crystalline In-Ga-Zn oxide (CAAC-IGZO) in order to examine the availability of the OSFET in nonvolatile memories (NVM). A featured extremely low leakage current of the OSFET largely depends on the threshold voltage, and thus controlling the threshold is a key issue. In particular, reducing the hydrogen concentration in and around the CAAC-IGZO layer as much as possible is one of the most important factors leading to threshold controllability and stability improvement in the OSFET. Accordingly, we employed a structure in which the whole OSFET is sealed with a hydrogen barrier film (SiNx) to prevent hydrogen entry from the outside and provided a modified HfOx film that we found serves as a hydrogen absorption layer inside the encapsulation structure. The HfOx film having a high hydrogen absorption capability inside the encapsulation structure resulted in a significant improvement in OSFET reliability. Specifically, the prototype OSFET with a gate length of 43.9 nm had a suppressed threshold variation for 500 hours in the positive gate-bias temperature (+GBT) stress test (150°C, Vgs = 3.63 V, Vds = Vbgs = 0 V). This process enables the control of the hydrogen concentration in the CAAC-IGZO layer and increases the expectation for OSFET mass production.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125089225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gupta, M. Perumkunnil, K. Garello, S. Rao, F. Yasin, G. Kar, A. Furnémont
{"title":"High-density SOT-MRAM technology and design specifications for the embedded domain at 5nm node","authors":"M. Gupta, M. Perumkunnil, K. Garello, S. Rao, F. Yasin, G. Kar, A. Furnémont","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372068","url":null,"abstract":"Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) offers the possibility to realize ultra-high-speed Non-Volatile memory technology without endurance issues that plague its more mature counterpart, STT-MRAM, but at cost of density. Based on our SOT-MRAM technology data, we explore different bit-cell architectures through extensive Design Technology Co-optimization (DTCO) to evaluate the most pareto-optimum solutions for High-Density [HD] and High-Performance [HP] and we design full SOT-MRAM macro for embedded domain. Our design-technology specifications projections show that using Resistance-Area (RA) product of 4 Ω.µm2, MTJ diameter of 32nm, SOT trackwidth of 35nm and SOT efficiency θSHE ≥1.4 enables: i) a HP SOT-MRAM macro with operating frequency (RD/WR) ≈1.05/0.71GHz at the 5nm process node and a 40% bit-cell area reduction compared to the 122 SRAM, ii) a HD SOT-MRAM macro with operating frequency (RD/WR) ≈ 1.1/0.45GHz and 37.5% area reduction compared to the 111 SRAM. Our analysis reveals that the bit line parasitic will be a limiting factor to SOT-MRAM performance at advanced nodes.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kawai, H. Fujiwara, J. Kataoka, N. Saito, T. Ueda, T. Enda, T. Ishihara, K. Ikeda
{"title":"Design Principle of Channel Material for Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor with High Thermal Stability and High On-current by Fluorine Doping","authors":"H. Kawai, H. Fujiwara, J. Kataoka, N. Saito, T. Ueda, T. Enda, T. Ishihara, K. Ikeda","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372121","url":null,"abstract":"We propose material design guideline of oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (OS-FET) based on first-principles calculation, and experimentally demonstrate excellent FET characteristics for the first time. Fluorine-doped In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) channel OS-FET exhibits both high thermal stability (>400°C) and high on-current at optimum F doping concentration which are required for co-integration with Si-CMOS as BEOL transistor. Our calculation revealed that high thermal stability comes from the release of overstress in IGZO by substitution of O by F. On the other hand, overdose of F decreases on-current by forming electron traps of metal-metal bonds. Considering these two different mechanisms behind, we successfully propose a breakthrough concept to improve thermal stability of OS-FET without degradation of on-current. Our results pave a new way for realizing high-performance BEOL transistors for 3D-LSI application.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122478562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sou-Chi Chang, N. Haratipour, S. Shivaraman, Tobias L. Brown-Heft, J. Peck, Chia-Ching Lin, I. Tung, Devin R. Merrill, Huiying Liu, Che-Yun Lin, F. Hamzaoglu, M. Metz, I. Young, J. Kavalieros, U. Avci
{"title":"Anti-ferroelectric HfxZr1-xO2 Capacitors for High-density 3-D Embedded-DRAM","authors":"Sou-Chi Chang, N. Haratipour, S. Shivaraman, Tobias L. Brown-Heft, J. Peck, Chia-Ching Lin, I. Tung, Devin R. Merrill, Huiying Liu, Che-Yun Lin, F. Hamzaoglu, M. Metz, I. Young, J. Kavalieros, U. Avci","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372011","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) deep-trench capacitor using anti-ferroelectric (AFE) HfxZr1-xO2 (HZO) is experimentally demonstrated as a promising option for embedded dynamic random-access memory (eDRAM) by showing (i) a successful 10ns polarization switching for read/write operations, (ii) maximum operating voltage less than 1.8V, (iii) retention much longer than 1ms, and (iv) endurance reaching 1012 cycles at elevated temperature. Polarization-voltage (P-V) characteristics and endurance behavior in AFE HZO capacitors are explored through both modeling and P-V evolution during field cycling under extensive pulsing schemes. It is shown that (i) defect diffusion driven by depolarization and (ii) partial domain switching play important roles in endurance fatigue. Finally, a vertical stack with multiple HZO capacitors in parallel is demonstrated, showing a 1T- multi-C memory architecture as a viable path toward future ultra-high density eDRAM technology.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131468528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chen, P. Weckx, S. Salahuddin, S.-W. Kim, G. Sisto, G. van der Plas, M. Stucchi, R. Baert, P. Debacker, M. Na, J. Ryckaert, D. Milojevic, E. Beyne
{"title":"3D-optimized SRAM Macro Design and Application to Memory-on-Logic 3D-IC at Advanced Nodes","authors":"R. Chen, P. Weckx, S. Salahuddin, S.-W. Kim, G. Sisto, G. van der Plas, M. Stucchi, R. Baert, P. Debacker, M. Na, J. Ryckaert, D. Milojevic, E. Beyne","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371905","url":null,"abstract":"We present local & global SRAM macro optimizations for 3nm FinFET and 2nm Nanosheet using Face-to-Face (F2F) and Wafer-to-Wafer (W2W) hybrid bonding at sub 1um pitch. Bonding pad parasitics are measured experimentally to calibrate RC models of the pad used to evaluate 3D-optimized memory macro delays. 3Doptimized macros are designed to reduce the macro external delay by ~50%. With customized SRAM BEOL, performance improvement of up to 70% for larger memories is observed compared with 2D macro. We also show that bit-cell tech-level optimizations have minor impact on the performance of large caches at advanced nodes due to high metal resistance in the macro global routing. Finally, at system-level we partition a L2 data memory (with 3D-optimized macro) from logic showing that the 3D implementation achieves a total of 33% performance gain with respect to a 2D implementation.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120963453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Past and Future of 3D Flash","authors":"J. Alsmeier, M. Higashitani, S. Paak, S. Sivaram","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371959","url":null,"abstract":"It has been several years since 3D Flash has displaced 2D Flash as the mainstream technology for NAND devices. The transition from 2D to 3D will continue to shape the industry for many years to come particularly due to the switch from lithography centric 2D shrinks to 3D stacking. This change brought a significant increase in complexity during development and manufacturing of advanced devices. The paper reviews in detail the emergence of 3D Flash, the continuous increase in productivity and performance resulting from the transition to 3D Flash and gives an outlook for future challenges and innovations needed.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chiao Liu, Lyle Bainbridge, A. Berkovich, Song Chen, Wei Gao, Tsung-Hsun Tsai, K. Mori, R. Ikeno, Masayuki Uno, T. Isozaki, Y. Tsai, I. Takayanagi, J. Nakamura
{"title":"A 4.6μm, 512×512, Ultra-Low Power Stacked Digital Pixel Sensor with Triple Quantization and 127dB Dynamic Range","authors":"Chiao Liu, Lyle Bainbridge, A. Berkovich, Song Chen, Wei Gao, Tsung-Hsun Tsai, K. Mori, R. Ikeno, Masayuki Uno, T. Isozaki, Y. Tsai, I. Takayanagi, J. Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9371913","url":null,"abstract":"We present a global shutter (GS), digital pixel sensor (DPS) that leverages stacked CMOS image sensor (CIS) technology to meet the ultra-low power, ultra-wide dynamic range (DR) requirements for battery-powered, always-on mobile computer vision (CV) applications. The DPS pixel is partitioned between two silicon layers via pixel-level connections, has an in-pixel ADC, 10-bit SRAM, and 4.6µm pitch. We introduce a triple quantization (3Q) scheme that combines a time-to-saturation (TTS) quantization mode and two linear ADC modes within a single exposure to achieve 127dB intra-scene DR. The sensor has a 512×512 effective resolution and consumes 5.3mW in 3Q operation at 30fps.","PeriodicalId":415186,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130790787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}