IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences最新文献_第8页

Review on the mechanistic links between sleep characteristic changes and epileptogenesis 睡眠特征改变与癫痫发生的机制联系综述

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.021

Sujithra Srinivas, Varsha

{"title":"Review on the mechanistic links between sleep characteristic changes and epileptogenesis","authors":"Sujithra Srinivas, Varsha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.021","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep and epilepsy are known to have a bidirectional interaction. Although sleep is differentiated into Rapid eye movement and Non Rapid eye movement sleep, Further gets classified into different stages based on the electroencephalogram EEG traces. Sleep is popularly studied using a Polysomnogram (PSG) which is the golden standard in measuring sleep metrics. In 1929 using an intervention with electroencephalography (EEG) made better contributions to objective investigations and clinical observations for unravelling further reasoning. Although there is an increasing evidences of sleep disturbance in most cases of epileptic syndromes the sleep interaction methods are very poorly reasoned out. Using invasive intracranial EEG the evidences obtained on cortical activities of the deep and superficial brain structures are given evidences on the interaction mechanisms of sleep and epilepsy. The sleep spindles are phasic events seen in non –rapid eye movement sleep in mammals. The sleep spindle is relevant in many aspects of brain activities such as sleep quality, memory consolidation, aging and mental health. In the last decade one of the most important understanding the interplay between how spike wake discharge is modulated by the slow sleep waves underlining the role of epileptic activity to sleep .These studies helped to demonstrate how different seizure types affected by sleep and how epileptogenic zone can be better identified for epilepsy surgery. This article will review the influence of sleep in epileptic brain and its significances using an EEG.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128558481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurosurgery in Covid era Covid - 19神经外科

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.018

Deepak Kumar Singh

引用次数: 0

Comparison of effect of rhythmic auditory cueing versus rhythmic visual cueing on gait abnormalities with gait parameters in Parkinson’s patients 节奏性听觉提示与节奏性视觉提示对帕金森患者步态异常及步态参数影响的比较

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.024

Krutika Naik, Sayli Paldhikar

{"title":"Comparison of effect of rhythmic auditory cueing versus rhythmic visual cueing on gait abnormalities with gait parameters in Parkinson’s patients","authors":"Krutika Naik, Sayli Paldhikar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.024","url":null,"abstract":": Parkinson’s patients benefit from multisensory cues, therefore it is vital to determine which sensory cue is more effective on gait.A Case-Control study design with a correlational technique wherein the evaluation of the relationship of the variables between two different groups was performed (baseline & post-intervention). The study consisted of 14 individuals with Group A (n=7) & Group B (n=7) using Random allocation by Chit Method. Group A (Rhythmic Auditory Cueing) with the help of metronomic cues given based on the subject’s initial cadence and progressed by 10% each week and Group B (Rhythmic Visual Cueing) with colorful stripes on the ground, the placement of which was changed each week. The duration of the study was 4 weeks (3 times each week), wherein the patients were made to walk on a 10m pathway. The outcome measures used were the crude method of gait analysis and the 10m Walk Test (at baseline and post-intervention). We conclude that both the group had improvements in their Spatio-temporal gait parameters, however, Group A had better results. The clinical study takes us to the conclusion that the intervention of Rhythmic auditory cueing proves to be more effective in improving the patient’s stride length, cadence, and, step-width thus helping in improving the patient's walking pattern.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revocable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder- An eye-opener 可逆性注意缺陷多动障碍-令人大开眼界

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.019

D. K P, A. Cherian

{"title":"Revocable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder- An eye-opener","authors":"D. K P, A. Cherian","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.019","url":null,"abstract":"To highlight the clinical and electroencephalographic features, treatment strategies and outcome in atypical variant of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). Subject underwent video electroencephalograph (EEG), high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological evaluation and language assessment and response to medication was followed up. In addition to sodium valproate, treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone (given as monthly bolus doses) was given as the seizures remained refractory to anti-seizure medications (ASM) alone. Earlier onset, increased frequency and duration of focal seizures compared to prototype Rolandic epilepsy are cardinal features suggestive of atypical variant of BECTS. Head drop and truncal sway due to axial or axiorhizomelic atonia occurring several times per day or week was the key manifestation. When the atypical seizures commenced, one or more of the following problems can occur: hyperactivity, attention deficit, and mild cognitive or language dysfunction. Child became seizure free on a combination of intravenous methylprednisolone, with sodium valproate and his hyperactivity reversed. BECTS in children with an early age of onset, frequent and prolonged seizures and scholastic decline pari passu with seizure onset are more likely to evolve into atonic-BECTS. Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and some benzodiazepines may worsen these seizures. They can become seizure free with immunomodulatory therapy, namely methylprednisolone (given as monthly bolus doses) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and have complete resolution of the transient motor and cognitive impairment. Atonic-BECTS needs to be differentiated from Lennox–Gastaut syndrome since it is potentially treatable and children recover with no sequel.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116751670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on circadian rhythm the role of core clock gene expression during sleep in epileptic syndrome 昼夜节律及核心时钟基因表达在癫痫综合征睡眠中的作用研究进展

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.022

Sujithra Srinivas

{"title":"Review on circadian rhythm the role of core clock gene expression during sleep in epileptic syndrome","authors":"Sujithra Srinivas","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.022","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythm is a 24 hour or a day’s rhythmic oscillations with physiological and behavioural changes that is internally governed by the brain. This activity is generally anticipated by the internal and external cues from the environment. In circadian rhythm of our body is regulated by a transcriptional –translational Auto-regulatory loop which leads to the molecular oscillations of our “core clock genes” at a specific cellular level. In the many mammalian and animal models, the master pacemaker is in the hypothalamus at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that can regulate downstream oscillations in the peripheral tissues of the brain. The core clock genes are self- sustained and cell autonomous not only on the pace maker but also on the other dissociated cultured cells and peripheral tissues. Here we can review the general mechanisms involved in the clock genes that is responsible for the circadian rhythmicity in epileptic syndromes and these findings can elucidate the cell specific expression of the clock genes in different syndromes. In the recent past there has been considerable amount of progress in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms that is involved in understand the core clock gene expression and the circadian rhythms effects on epileptic syndromes. However, there is very little understanding on how these two mechanisms interact to cause a core clock genes disruptions plays an important role. Recent studies in several animal models have shown the effects of time of the day on the neurophysiology and path-physiology in the epileptic syndrome. Together, these evidences from the past suggest that there can be a common mechanism underlying the circadian rhythmicity and epileptogenesis mechanism.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133589534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study of compliance and insight in patients with schizophrenia 精神分裂症患者依从性与洞察力的研究

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.010

S. Hyder, Abhinav Monga, Pradeep Paisari, Raihana Rasheed Kunjumoidee

{"title":"A study of compliance and insight in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"S. Hyder, Abhinav Monga, Pradeep Paisari, Raihana Rasheed Kunjumoidee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.010","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with prevalence of 1%. The long course of illness warrants strict compliance to antipsychotic medications which is a common challenge faced by the treating psychiatrist and it affects the quality of life of the patient and the caregiver. This study aims to understand the complex relationship between insight of having the illness and compliance to medications. To study the relationship between insight and medication compliance in schizophrenia.This cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, attending the psychiatry OPD or admitted in psychiatry ward who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After taking the informed consent, the compliance and patients’ attitude towards illness and medication was assessed using Adherence to medication regimen. Insight was assessed using Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder.A total of 21 patients (42%) were fully compliant to their treatment, whereas more than half of patients had full insight into their illness (n=30, 60%). Lack of insight correlated with poor compliance. Patients with poor compliance were also less aware of the beneficial effects of the treatment. There was also a statistically significant relationship between insight, compliance and patients’ belief that medications help in keeping them in good mental health.Patients with better understanding of nature of illness and symptoms were more compliant with medications. This reinforces the role of insight facilitation along with psychoeducation of family members regarding compliance in the treatment of schizophrenia. Further exploration of patients’ and relatives' concept of illness and the treatment are needed to develop interventions to improve compliance.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125181020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Malaria and channelopathy- recurrent hypokalaemia - A case report 疟疾和通道病-复发性低钾血症- 1例报告

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.016

Shubhakaran Khicher

引用次数: 0

A case of severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy 严重低血糖性脑病1例

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.014

K. Balagopal, Sherin Suku, Ameer Ebrahim

{"title":"A case of severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy","authors":"K. Balagopal, Sherin Suku, Ameer Ebrahim","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.014","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoglycemic encephalopathy is a metabolic encephalopathy that usually occurs in diabetic patients and is due to low levels of blood glucose in the body. The clinical presentation varies in severity from mild cases presenting with fatigue, sweating and poor concentration to severe cases leading to stupor, coma and death. Diagnosis is often delayed due to inadequate recognition of the cause and diverse clinical picture. Imaging studies show characteristic changes in the cerebral cortex and deep grey nuclei. Management is mainly supportive. We present here a case of a seventy five year old diabetic who was found lying unresponsive at home in the morning and was brought to the emergency. She was found to have very low levels of blood glucose which were corrected with no improvement in the sensorium. She was ventilated and treated with glucose infusions and supportive care. MRI scans of the brain showed features of extensive hypoglycemic encephalopathy with damage of the parietal and occipital cortices and also deep gray nuclei including thalami bilaterally. She had no change in clinical status after a prolonged hospital stay and succumbed to secondary infection. Prolonged hypoglycemia leads to widespread neuronal damage through energy failure and apoptosis. This leads to prolonged coma and even death in severe cases. This case report is meant to stress the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in the long term outcome of hypoglycemic encephalopathy.1. Hypoglycemic encephalopathy is an important clinical entity with a wide variety of clinical presentations; 2. We present here a case of a seventy five year old diabetic with a prolonged duration of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy who had a poor outcome; 3. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for good long term outcomes.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128383478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infantile spasm: A review on the severity of epileptic encephalopathy 婴儿痉挛:癫痫性脑病严重程度的综述

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.004

Sujithra Srinivas

{"title":"Infantile spasm: A review on the severity of epileptic encephalopathy","authors":"Sujithra Srinivas","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Infantile spasm (IS) comprises of both an age dependent epileptic seizure and distinctive seizure Onset in infants. In the recent past the key observation in classification and standardization of infantile spasm has culminated many recommendations in distinguishing and recognizing the seizure type and the epileptic syndrome or the West syndrome. The Infantile spasm is an early onset epileptic encephalopathy which presents unique electrographic and clinical features, these features are found in children in the middle of the first year of their birth .However the pathophysiology and the heterogeneity of the infantile spasm remains partially or incompletely understood. In the neurobiological basis there are multiple aetiologies converge to form similar clinical interpretations. The description of the electroencephalographic features of the spasm and its hypsarrthythmia plays a pivot role in early diagnosis. The treatment options for infantile spasm are very limited and it is also called a “catastrophic” due to the poor developmental, cognitive and epileptic progress. In the recent past more detailed information about the electrographic and clinical features of the spasms and hypsarrhythmia in EEG has emerged. The advances in the neuro imaging techniques have revealed about the aetiology and the pathophysiology of infantile spasm to yield a prognosis in patients with infantile spasms. The pathophysiology of infantile spasm needs to be better clarified for any kind of novel treatments and a wide range of preclinical animal studies are essential for advancing the knowledge. Here, in this review paper we focus on the preclinical models of Infantile spasm, with information’s regarding the existing models and research findings, elaborate on some novel models and discuss on new data that can help in advancing the understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the specific EEG changes such as ictal electrodecrement and interictal hypsarrhythmia presented in Infantile spasm IS.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115976565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of MER with subthalamic nucleus stimulations with deep brain stimulation 丘脑下核刺激与深部脑刺激的MER分析

IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.18231/j.ijn.2022.012

V. R. Raju

{"title":"Analysis of MER with subthalamic nucleus stimulations with deep brain stimulation","authors":"V. R. Raju","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.012","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson`s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative brain disease with distinctive molecular, functional and structural features causing tremors, particularly in the old-age (>=60) and very rarely occur in adults and in children’s too due to the damage of the substantia nigra of central nervous system (CNS) and is differentiated by the convolution of cardinal motor symptoms (tremor, Bradykinesia/akinesia (slowness of movement, i.e., absence, delay in initiation), rigidity followed by the postural-instability. In addition these motor symptoms, cognitive motor and axial symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, cognitive dementia, hallucinations, shaking the whole body and changes in the speech like slurred speech, etc., and also affect the Parkinson`s malady due to the L-dopa (levodopa acts like a pre cursor to the dopamine, a panacea which reduces the symptoms but there are dyskinesia`s, i.e., side effects to the patients). By the clinical/prognostic diagnosis followed by the advantages of stimulations with the deep-brain-stimulators (DBS) in subthalamic-nucleus (i.e.,S.T.N, or s-nucleus) that have been established. But then, exactly in what way, by what means, in what manner, how exactly the mechanisms of DBS progression of motor-symptoms mainly reducing the tremors and motor fluctuations and then restoring and thereby increasing the motor functioning have not been fully elucidated. We implanted the DBS microelectrodes (DBS-innocuous-microelectrode stimulations), and also lead macroelectrodes (DBS-innocuous-lead macrostimulations) and find that the micro electrode recording (M.E.R) method provides validation of precise setting of innocuous micro electrode and guarantees exact exposure to the S.T.N neurons and confines and establishes its exact co-ordinates in a new empirical way.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"76 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127392707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0