REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW最新文献

{"title":"What are we doing here? Essays","authors":"J. Balserak","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1616255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1616255","url":null,"abstract":"reasoning, an undertaking ultimately doomed to fail (33, 179–193). The remaining sections deal with questions concerning hybrid languages versus hyperlanguages, the linguistics of the vanquished and reverse orientalism, the many levels of communication arising from the written versus spoken word across languages, ‘Les deux scènes du langage ou la langue sous la langue,’ modern glossolalia, modern drama and the liturgy of the spoken word as well as music (the symbolic imaginary of counterpoint examined by Laurence Wuidar and the neo-baroque ‘stylus phantasticus’ examined by Brenno Boccadoro, both musicologists, 573–648). These essays do offer significant snapshots of the manifold facets of the shifting perceptions over time of language, its origins and its universality, thus functioning as a cultural history of language perception and the ‘linguistic imagination’ [imaginaire linguistique] in the western world) with a strong focus on the history of linguistics. Overall, the volume introduces its readers to the topic principally from a European (and especially French) perspective, although it does also shed some light on the Americas (in an interesting and eminently readable section entitled ‘Éthnographies linguistiques ou la pentecôte aux Amériques’ [Linguistic Ethnographies or Pentecost in the Americas], 265–315). Missing from the volume is a discussion of current paradigms and recent treatment of multilingualism and related phenomena in Anglo-American research. This would have served as a useful comparison that would have helped contextualize this otherwise impressive array of scholarship. The sparsely illustrated volume is carefully edited (although the quality of image reproduction could be better), with an index of names and a list of illustrations (807–835), but lacks a list of contributors, a cumulative bibliography as well as abstracts of the contributions. The fact that there are no English-language summaries is perfectly consistent, one has to concede, with the volume’s well-informed and thoroughly documented critical stance towards the idea of a single lingua franca. While this will limit significantly the audience of the work, Langues imaginaires et imaginaire de la langue nevertheless recommends itself to all those interested in the manifold ways of rethinking the philosophy and theology of (literary) language; it is also suitable for those readers whose interest lies in the manifold linguistic, literary, and philosophical inheritance of More’s Utopia and beyond.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"143 1","pages":"165 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86197709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thomas Cromwell: a life","authors":"Paul Ayris","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1616249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1616249","url":null,"abstract":"This biography of Thomas Cromwell is a long-awaited companion to Professor MacCulloch’s magisterial biography Thomas Cranmer: a life, Yale University Press, 1996. Steeped in the remains of Cromwell’s papers and archive (sifted by his staff and annotated by them and by those who seized it on Cromwell’s fall), the picture which emerges is fascinating and appealing, questioning many of the conventional wisdoms about Cromwell’s life and career. From these pages, we can see that there was no Tudor Revolution in government on the Elton model. Following the Act for First Fruits and Tenths (1534), no permanent department was created to manage them in Cromwell’s lifetime. In similar vein, from 1537 the term Privy Council designated twenty or so men named to that position. Elton saw this as part of the Tudor Revolution in government, but MacCulloch paints a different picture. This development of the Privy Council was to clip Cromwell’s wings, not to enhance his power. Perhaps the most important role of the many with which Cromwell was entrusted was that as the King’s vice-gerent in spirituals. MacCulloch underlines that this role continued throughout Cromwell’s lifetime until his death in 1540. The assertion is certainly borne out by the remains of a copy of his Register as vicegerent which contains seventeen documents, surely only exemplars of what must have been a much fuller archive. The last document recorded here is a commission, dated 3 February 1540, from Cromwell as vicegerent to try the marital cause of Walter, Lord Hungerford of Heytesbury. However, six months later, Hungerford was dead ‒ executed for buggery and other crimes alongside Cromwell himself on 28 July ‒ clearly an attempt by the government to discredit Cromwell still further by association. One of the seminal activities of the 1530s was the dissolution of the monasteries. MacCulloch shows that this was in effect a gradual ramping up of activity against the religious life and did not stem from a grandiose plan to destroy monastic life from the start. The destruction of the greater monasteries is a good example. Following the example of his previous master Cardinal Wolsey, Cromwell did not seek to destroy the greater monasteries wholesale. Many had reformed themselves and Cromwell himself advocated that they become less like monasteries and more like secular colleges. It was Henry who defeated this plan. Terrified at the thought of invasion by Continental powers, the King initiated the greatest national campaign for coastal defence in England until modern times. This work had to be paid for, and the monasteries were prime targets for raising the necessary funds. What of the traditional picture of Cromwell as cruel and rapacious? That is not a principal finding in this new biography, but aspects of Cromwell’s public life come under scrutiny. The trial of John Lambert alias Nicholson is a case in point. In 1538, Lambert cast doubt on the bodily presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Cranmer","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"47 1","pages":"154 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73820747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exportgut Reformation. Ihr Transfer in Kontaktzonen des 16. Jahrhunderts und die Gegenwart evangelischer Kirchen in Europa","authors":"Philipp Reisner","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1616250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1616250","url":null,"abstract":"This volume, appearing as part of a series under the auspices of the Leibniz Institute of European History, emerged from an international conference held in Transylvania, Romania, at Sibiu (Ger.: H...","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"85 1","pages":"156 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76812753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luther and the Reformation as Perceived in Rome: Methods of Spiritual Reform and Sustaining Catholic Orthodoxy","authors":"B. Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1603819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1603819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rome’s handling of the Reformation in northern Europe was determined by specific circumstances in which the Italian situation differed from that north of the Alps. This article argues chiefly that the Roman theologians’ perception of the Protestant Reformation – especially on ecclesiological questions – depended decisively on their experience of the Fifth Lateran Council (1512–1517). When they encountered Luther’s writings or Luther in person, the friar from Wittenberg is often described in a disrespectful manner derived from common national stereotypes. Notwithstanding, in one form or other Luther’s writings were circulated, published and translated in Italy where they appear to have found a sympathetic audience in some quarters. Italian Luther synpathizers did not constitute a nationwide network, but rather met clandestinely in small circles, making their detection a challenge. The prosecution of heresy was ultimately the task of the all-powerful Roman Inquisition, founded in 1542 after the Regensburg reunion colloquy had failed.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"30 1","pages":"126 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83098371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Do to Me According to What Has Gone Out of Your Mouth’*: A Reformation Debate on the Tragedy of Jephthah and his Daughter","authors":"N. Amos","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1568369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1568369","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A challenging biblical passage is the narrative of Jephthah and his daughter in the Book of Judges. The consensus of the exegetical tradition is that in fulfillment of a rash vow, Jephthah sacrificed his daughter as a burnt offering. Yet some early Reformation exegetes argued instead that she entered into a life of dedication to the Lord. They argued on the basis of the grammar of Jephthah’s vow, a point which they found in one strand of rabbinical tradition. However, there developed a counter-argument reaffirming the patristic and medieval consensus, and that appealed to an alternative rabbinical tradition. The present essay will examine the competing arguments found in Protestant commentaries published between c.1530 and c.1650. In the end, the patristic and medieval consensus prevailed, and the alternative reading was rejected; but both sides agreed that the one noble character in this tale was the nameless daughter of Jephthah.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"6 1","pages":"26 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14622459.2019.1568369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72515904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Adoption of Humanism in Catholic Spain (1470-1520)","authors":"M. Biersack","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1568371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1568371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article re-evaluates the role and impact of Italian humanism in Spain, where scholars trained in Italy occupied the most important teaching posts of Latin in universities and schools from the 1470s. As a result, within one or two generations the entire educational system in Spain had been transformed by humanism. By reconstructing what humanism meant for different groups in society, its successes, as well as its limitations, are explained. Latin was important for the academic and governing elites. Additionally, humanism provided them with a cultural code, which – primarily in its aesthetic dimension – enabled them to differentiate themselves from others. However, the humanists’ aspiration to be on a par with nobles and equal in authority to lawyers and theologians was rejected. Noble blood, traditional legal attitudes and religious orthodoxy stood firm against a culture based on classical language and letters. Theologians in particular rejected the humanists’ interest in pagan mythology.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"36 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83590933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Creation and Cosmological Arguments in Early-Modern Calvinism","authors":"Nathan I. Sasser","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1568372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1568372","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the varieties of cosmological arguments deployed in the natural theologies of early-modern Calvinism. Some of the first Reformed forays into theistic proofs make use of Thomist arguments which allow for the logical possibility of creation from eternity. In the seventeenth century, many Reformed theologians prefer to use arguments against the possibility of an eternal world – arguments which had been defended by medieval theologians such as Bonaventure. But these arguments in turn faced criticism in the seventeenth century, and many of the Reformed supplemented them or replaced them with others. The argument from the mutability of the world to its temporal beginning became increasingly popular among Reformed thinkers. Historical arguments from the recent rise of arts and sciences or biological species supplemented the philosophical arguments for the world's beginning. Their theological commitment to the impossibility of eternal creation may explain why the Reformed did not typically use the Clarke and Leibniz argument from contingency.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"20 1","pages":"47 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87080976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Representation in Comenius's Orbis sensualium pictus (1658)*","authors":"A. Spicer","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2019.1568373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1568373","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Orbis sensualium pictus (1658) was an important element in the pedagogical programme of the Czech Reformer, Jan Amos Komenský (Comenius). Through the use of illustrations with an associated key, it was intended to educate young children about the names and terms of items and activities that they saw in the world around them. Although the significance of the work has long been recognised and has been studied in the wider context of Comenius’ philosophical ideas, comparatively little attention has been paid to the illustrations in this work. The intention of this article is to examine the portrayal of religious faiths in the Orbis sensualium pictus as well as to demonstrate that, in spite of Comenius's rejection of confessional differences, they depict Christian worship and religious practice from a largely Lutheran perspective.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"23 1","pages":"64 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82004278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Missing Dimension of European Influence on English Protestantism: The Heidelberg Catechism and the Church of England, 1563–1663","authors":"A. Milton","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2018.1530672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2018.1530672","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While historians of the early-modern Church of England have become familiar with the influence exerted upon it by Genevan and Zurich theologians, the impact of Heidelberg University and the Rhineland Palatinate was arguably equally important and has hitherto been neglected. That influence is charted here through the impact of the Heidelberg Catechism and the commentaries upon it by the Heidelberg divines Jeremias Bastingius and especially Zacharias Ursinus. While these were almost ubiquitous in the late-Elizabethan and Jacobean churches, Heidelberg divinity nevertheless came increasingly to be viewed with suspicion by churchmen under Charles I because of its alleged (and not entirely illusory) links to puritanism. It is argued here that with the creation of the Westminster Greater and Lesser Catechisms, the Heidelberg Catechism and commentaries on it no longer served a useful purpose even for puritans, and that later churchmen were unfamiliar with the influence that it had exerted in the recent past.","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"447 1","pages":"235 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91044114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exportgut Reformation: ihr Transfer in Kontaktzonen des 16. Jahrhunderts und die Gegenwart evangelischer Kirchen in Europe","authors":"James R. Payton","doi":"10.1080/14622459.2018.1532731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2018.1532731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41309,"journal":{"name":"REFORMATION & RENAISSANCE REVIEW","volume":"34 1","pages":"253 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89020943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}