Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura最新文献

{"title":"Three types of negation in Russian (on the example of A.V.Druzhinin’s texts)","authors":"A. Shuneyko, O. Chibisova","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.112","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negation-ambivalence differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts: collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself; the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the status of which researchers argue to this day.The study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negation-ambivalence differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts: collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself; the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the status of which researchers argue to this day.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80843013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"German-Russian parallel corpus as an instrument for studying the modality of obligation: Оn semantic differences between müssen and sollen","authors":"D. Dobrovol'skij, A. Zalizniak","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.409","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to clarify the semantics of two German verbs expressing the modality of obligation (müssen and sollen) by comparing their translation equivalents from the German-Russian parallel subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC). These translation equivalents represent a set of Russian words and constructions with a potentially modal meaning, including those not recorded in bilingual and explanatory dictionaries. Some Russian lexical units are used as translation equivalents only for müssen or only for sollen, while others are preferred for one of these verbs, and this preference is not accidental. The distribution of translation equivalents indicates that the verb müssen expresses some absolute necessity, and sollen a kind of relational necessity. Relational necessity is established on the basis of certain correlations. In the ontological plane, it is the correlation represents some logic of the development of events. In the deontic plane, it is the will of another person or one’s own idea of causal relationships. In the communicative plane, it is someone else’s statement. The weakness of necessity, usually recognized as a feature of the modal meaning expressed by the verb sollen, as opposed to the more hard meaning of necessity expressed by müssen, is secondary: it is a potential effect of primordial relationality.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89491690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The scribe Diomid Serkov and the reproduction of the Simeon Polotsky’s works","authors":"S. Semiachko","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.206","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the origin, sources, and specifics of the miscellany “Tsvetnik, ili Veka sego vremennik,” based on “Vertograd mnogotsvetny” by Simeon Polotsky. The material had four copies of the miscellany, two of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. One of these copies was made by a famous scribe from the last quarter of the 17th — first quarter of the 18th century Diomid Iakov’s son Serkov. The author presented a paleographic description of the manuscripts and a comparative description of their composition. She establish that the manuscript of the «Vertograd mnogotsvetny» State Historical Museum, Synodal Collection, No. 288 (a scribal copy made from the author’s original on the instructions of Simeon Polotsky himself) was the “Tsvetnik” source. The author considers that the miscellany «Tsvetnik, ili Veka sego vremennik» was created by someone from a group of scribes worked under the leadership of Sylvester Medvedev. She dated the miscellany to the time after the death of Simeon Polotsky (1680) and Tsar Feodor Alekseevich (1682) and before the arrest of Sylvester Medvedev (1689) and the confiscation of the source manuscript. Particular attention was paid to the variant created by Diomid Serkov. The author believes that Diomid Serkov composed the poetic texts that mark the sections of the miscellany in his manuscript. According to the author, “Tsvetnik” is a light version of the “Vertograd mnogotsvetny,” devoid of anything outlandish and beyond the usual picture of the world and the usual religious and moral ideas.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85774268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is it so difficult to film Gogol’s Overcoat","authors":"Mikhail Ja. Weisskopf","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.308","url":null,"abstract":"Nikolai Gogol’s prose conceals semantic hidden agenda safely disguised by grotesque fabula and metaphorics. We can find the phenomena in Gogol’s early works but this multilevel approach is even more elaborately designed in his later period when his attention was occupied with St Petersburg material. The Overcoat contains a complex system of codes. Unless a reader is aware of them the story may produces on him an illusory impression of a realistic composition (indeed, it was even mistaken for a kind of manifesto of Russian realism). Its symbolism is hidden, but amenable to reconstruction. The whole plot of Gogol’s story is a woeful parody on Christianity. Gogol’s Petersburg here is intentionally presented as a city inhabited by the dead. A special place in The Overcoat is occupied by the figure of the tailor Petrovich: it contains both a demonic component, supported by many signs of the devil, and an indication of the name of the founder of St Petersburg, Peter the Great. A significant role in The Overcoat is played by connections with E.T.A.Hoffmann’s Golden Pot and F.M.Dostoevsky’s The Idiot: as a copyist, Akakii Akakievich Bashmachkin is involved in mysticism. The deep plan of the story is connected with the transition from sign to meaning. But the acquired meaning turns into a temptation for the hero: the overcoat leads Akakii into the realm of temptations, awakening a previously unknown attraction to external reality. All of this makes it extremely problematic to make an adequate film adaptation of The Overcoat.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85831224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narratology and ethics","authors":"Valerij I. Tiupa","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.102","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the little-studied narratological category of “ethos” of narration, introduced into narratology by the developing “neorhetoric”. The author assumes that contemporary narratology has as its subject the formation and retranslation of the event experience of personal presence in the world. The article argues that the ethical potential of narratology lies not in the discussion of moral values, but in the identification of moral dominants to which a particular narrative corresponds. This aspect of narrative practices, first proposed by Paul Ricoeur, is examined in the historical perspective of the formation and change of the dominant narrative pictures of the world in culture: precedent, imperative, occasional (adventurous), and probabilistic. This makes it possible to identify four basic ethos — peace, duty, desire, and conscience — in the course of the historically natural (phasic) emergence of narrative from myth and its further development. Belonging to one of the narrative ethos under consideration is a profound characteristic of the narrative work, the least studied so far. It is erroneous to judge a narrative ethos on the basis of the ethical reasoning of the narrator or the characters. The main mechanism for generating narrative meaning is intrigue: not as a plot scheme, but as a specific chain of episodes in their constructive delimitations and couplings, realized by the focalization and verbalization of the text. In this respect, narratology should not forget the literary experience of the aesthetic analysis of artistic masterpieces. The analytical argumentation is illustrated in the article with references to folklore, literary and biblical texts of various speech genres.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84094130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonological and graphic representations of words in mental lexicon: Homophone processing while reading","authors":"D. Chernova","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.110","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an experimental study of the role of phonological representation of the word in lexical access during silent reading in Russian. The the phonological component in reading (i. e. whether semantics can be accessed via phonological decoding or directly from the orthographic image of the word) is actively discussed in modern psycholinguistics. Homophones can serve as a testing ground for these hypotheses: if graphemes are decoded into phonemes in silent reading in order to access semantics, then homophones will be processed like homonyms, but if semantics are accessed directly from the visual representation of the word, then homophones can be treated as all other orthographic neighbors. We address Russian homophones in order to investigate this question. In a self-paced reading experiment, we show that if a target word is substituted either by a homophone or a spelling control (an orthographic neighbor), semantic incongruence slows down the processing of the post-target region. We show that both homophones and spelling controls cause this processing load, and homophony does not facilitate the processing of semantically incongruent word. Our data give evidence for direct visual access to entries in mental lexicon as dual-route model predicts for experienced readers.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72944380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationality (narodnost’) of Golden Age literature: The achievement of romanticism or the heritage of classicism","authors":"M. Virolainen","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.304","url":null,"abstract":"The article counters the widely held opinion that the interest in nationality (narodnost’) and particular nature of nation is a characteristic feature of the Romantic literature. The criticism and aesthetics of the Golden Age (1810–1830s), transferring Western concepts to the Russian soil, sometimes too hastily correlated them with Russian artistic practice. So, in the early 1820s, when, as Petr Vyazemsky admitted, the Russian ideas of romanticism were still vague, nationality was declared the property of the romantic school (сf. the article On Romantic Poetry by Orest Somov, who was largely influenced by Germaine de Staёl). This point of view was reflected in later criticism which characterized such authors as Konstantin Batyushkov, Nikola Gnedich, Anton Delvig, and Pavel Katenin as belonging to the Romantic school. Their interest in particular nature of nation, however, had absolutely different sources. Besides Herder’s Enlightenment ideas, it was the aesthetics of renewed classicism, advanced by Winkelmann and oriented at authentic antiquity that nurtured this interest. The antique culture, understood differently from French classicism, still served as a model for poets developing national themes. The influence of Greek Anthology upon Delvig’s Russian song, Greek motives in Gnedich’s Russian idyll, the Homeric simplicity, which permeated in Russian ballad, — all this resulte from deliberate integration of Russian content and high antiquity. National themes were bornby the culture of classicism, affecting the entire Golden Age, but in the framework of the same transitional period were quickly “appropriated” by the adepts of Romantic movement.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88090360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the ways of expressing irony in simultaneous interpreting","authors":"Adelia Kh. Abdulmanova, E. Vyunova, I. A. Lekomtseva, N. Shutemova","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.405","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the ways of irony representation in simultaneous interpreting, which is regarded in a broader context with the notions of humour and alogism. The subject is interconnected with the translation quality issue determining the relevance of the research. It is based on the comparative analysis of speeches delivered by politicians, public figures and TV stars in English and their simultaneous interpreting in Russian provided by the second-year students of the corresponding master’s programme. The authors highlight various approaches to the notion irony, such as oppositions theory, The Direct Access Account, The Pretense Theory, Relevant Inappropriateness theory, Graded Salience Model, The Echoic Mention Theory. Kinds of irony and means of its production are reviewed including blame-by-praise, understatement, exaggeration, self-deprecation, creating the effect of surprise, ironic concession and defence. Considered from a cognitive-discursive perspective, the representation of irony in simultaneous interpreting is proved to be a difficulty of understanding the original and objectifying its idea by means of the target language. Irony is revealed to be completely or partially reduced due to the lack of background knowledge, in particular realia, and/or due to the interpreter’s inability to objectify ironic implications. The character of simultaneous interpreting is regarded as a factor complicating the task, because it limits time for comprehending irony and inventing ways to verbalize it. It is discovered that the main strategies of representing irony include exaggeration, understatement and the use of expressive lexicon.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89691982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representing the social through language: Theory and practice of sociolinguistics and discourse analysis","authors":"E. Molodychenko, V. Chernyavskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.106","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews research traditions and new findings pertaining to the issue of ‘language in society’ over the period from circa 2005 to 2020. Specifically, we discuss some of the tenets and analytical toolkits of American and Western European traditions of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, as well as the strands of discourse analysis that integrate the former and/or the latter into their theoretical framework. Such contemporary schools of thought are represented, among others, by Michael Silverstein, Penelope Eckert, and Asif Agha in the USA, by Mary Bucholtz, Kira Hall, and Nikolas Coupland in the UK, by Jan Blommaert in the Netherlands, and by Jürgen Spitzmüller and Barbara Soukup in Austria. The topics and concepts discussed in the article include social indexicality of linguistic signs, enacting social relations between speakers, ethno-metapragmatics, and (social) styles. We begin with an overview of the ‘third wave’ of sociolinguistics, which has been focused on exploring linguistic variation as a medium used by individuals or groups for evoking or (re)constructing the ‘social world’. It is discussed how sociality is being enacted by individuals, how semiotic ties are set between a linguistic sign and social value, how persistent social attribution is created, and how all these phenomena can be explored through analysis of indexical tokens and types. Indexicality is seen here as the capacity of a (linguistic) sign to ‘point to’ a variable of the context of its usage. Social indexicality is thus seen as evoking such social value as forms of identity and communicative roles and social relations drawing on these forms. An overview of the history of sociolinguistics also serves to illustrate the transformation of views on agentivity, identity, and linguistic/semiotic objects: from the static view of identity as predefined by the social structure and (passively) projected through various semiotic media, including language, to a more perforative contemporary view of identity as (creatively) stylized in social encounters. It is further contended that a crucial prerequisite for such stylization is the malleability and mutability of social/indexical meanings, with so-called ethno-metapragmatics — reflexive activity targeting said meanings and signs carrying them — being the process driving the change. Finally, we show how these theories and methods can be traced to ideas expressed by Russian/ Soviet scholars of early and mid twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91100355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literary sources of the image of Spain in the works by Marina Tsvetaeva","authors":"Tatjana V. Portnova, R. Voitekhovich","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.204","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes literary sources of Spanish themes in the poetry of M.Tsvetaeva. The Spanish theme in Russian culture and Russian-Spanish relations have been fruitfully studied for a long time, but insights of this scholarship are rarely applied to Tsvetaeva’s works (generally when speaking about the images of Carmen and Don Juan, or about the Federico Garcia Lorca translations). Despite the fact that there are many works about the reception of different countries by Tsvetaeva, there are no studies analyzing Spain throughout the poet’s work. But Spanish motives appear in one of the first poems of Tsvetaeva, “The Street woke up”, and the last year of poet’s life is related to the translations of Garcia Lorca. For the first time, this paper takes a panoramic view of the author’s Spanish texts and reveals their literary basis. Among the sources identified we find the texts of Spanish literature and folklore that Tsvetaeva read in translation: folkloric songs, plays by P.Calderon, M.Cervantes, F.Garcia Lorca, etc. But the corpus of non-Spanish sources is much more extensive: here we have the works of Russian poets (A.Pushkin, A.Tolstoy, S.Parnok, P.Antokolsky and others) and foreign authors (P.Merimee, V. Sardou, J. Sand, G.Aguilar, O.Wilde and others). We conclude that Tsvetaeva’s image of Spain is a variant of the European Spanish myth. It has a heterogeneous character and is formed by sources of polyethnic origin.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88300678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}