{"title":"The interaction of verbal and non-verbal elements in Eugene Grishkovets’ solo performances as a way to overcome the postmodern tradition","authors":"Dmitry K. Baranov","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.302","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the interaction of verbal and non-verbal elements in Grishkovets’ solo performances. The material for analysis is official video recordings of performances. Performances by Grishkovets and the play texts he published afterwards are interconnected but are different works — with differing content, motif systems, and differently placed semantic accents. It is the non-verbal elements (spatial movements, gestures, interaction with props and decorations, etc.) that Grishkovets uses to play with the boundaries between the fictional world and external reality, involve the viewers in what is happening and give them an opportunity to relate to the narrator. One of the most important motifs of Grishkovets’ drama is the issue of unreliability or insufficiency of human speech. It seems that it is no coincidence that one can find many features of postmodernism in the works of Grishkovets (playful intertextuality, unreliable narrator, blurring of the boundaries of narrative instances, and boundaries between text and reality, etc.). However, the author only pretends to be guided by the postmodern tradition in order to, after verbally emphasizing the problematic nature of communication between people (due to the unreliability of the language), establish communication between the narrator and the audience using primarily non-verbal means. Such a complexly built interaction of verbal and non-verbal elements, literary and theatrical principles allows Grishkovets to outline and overcome the main problem of postmodern culture — the communication problem.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72913468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The prospective in Spanish: Forms, semantics, pragmatics (part 2)","authors":"Elena V. Gorbova","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.104","url":null,"abstract":"Based on corpus data, the paper discusses three Spanish infinitive constructions with prospective meaning: two constructions with the verb of location estar and one with the verb of movement ir: , and . A new approach is applied that views these constructions as a means of expressing the grammeme of the prospective in Spanish. The first part of the article contains an overview of the results of a corpus study of all three constructions, which aims to clarify both diachronic and synchronic issues of the simultaneous functioning of three different means of expressing prospective semantics, their frequency, as well as the distribution of each construction in the Spanish-speaking area. The first part also offers a detailed comparative analysis of the semantics of two infinitive constructions with estar. It begins with the establishment of a characteristic restriction for both constructions on filling the infinitive slot with atelic lexemes (which makes them different from the construction with the motion verb) and ends with the proposed interpretations of the semantics of both constructions with the verb of location. The second part of the paper, based on a review of descriptive grammars, theories, and corpus research, discusses the prospective construction with the verb of movement ir, and (based on results of a corpus study of all three constructions) proposes a description of the prospective zone in Spanish from the position of General, i. e. typologically oriented, Morphology, and Grammatical Semantics.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75230678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interdependence of expert categories and automated metrics applied to evaluate translation quality","authors":"A. Sosnin, J. Balakina, Andrey N. Kashikhin","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.107","url":null,"abstract":"The article evaluates the quality of translation; we consider the applied and pragmatic aspects of such evaluation in the conditions of the current rapid increase in the number of texts to be translated. The article summarizes a plethora of assessment principles, each having its merits and drawbacks, and examines the correlation between the categories of adequacy and equivalence as the basic assessment parameters. We conclude that equivalence is oriented towards the result of translation, whereas adequacy indicates whether translation as process corresponds to the communicative situation given. Adequacy is thus viewed as a discursive feature. The article also looks into the possibility of applying these assessment criteria to automated evaluation of translation quality, and compares the specific computer metrics or, algorithms: Cosine Similarity, Word Error Rate, BLEU, ROUGE, NIST, METEOR. We analyze the potential for applying these metrics to man-made rather than machine translated. The n-gram metric for evaluation of translation with explicit ordering Meteor is the most efficient algorithm; however, it can only be applied advantageously to formal standardized texts. The article points out that literary translation can hardly be evaluated on the basis of n-gram correspondences due to it characteristic feature: ample use of non-equivalent units even at the sentence level. The purely mathematical procedures overviewed in the article cannot serve as linguistic meta-models of assessment unless supplemented with syntactic and semantic algorithms.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"466 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. G. Burmakina, L. Kulikova, Iana V. Popova, Anastasiia I. Artemeva
{"title":"The format of the text as an inclusive practice in modern society","authors":"N. G. Burmakina, L. Kulikova, Iana V. Popova, Anastasiia I. Artemeva","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.313","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses discursive treatment of the texts in the context of inclusive pragmatics of the modern society. The key problem the article is devoted to is the necessity to specify the requirements of creating texts for people with cognitive impairment. The goal of the study is to unify theoretical material of clinical linguistics, logopedics and neurology to understand how the recipients with Alzheimer’s disease (primarily on the stage of predementia and on the early stage of the disease) decode texts and to test to what extent the texts created by social institu tions for a wide range of social groups are comprehensible for people with cognitive decline. The empirical material of the article are informational and directive texts located on the in formation boards and stands of social institutions of Krasnoyarsk in 2021. Linguistic features that complicate the text comprehension are inter alia the use of low-frequency words, polyse mes, ambiguous phrases, reversible constructions, inversions. The patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other mental features have difficulties when reading. These difficulties are not taken into consideration when the texts are being created for social groups. The perspectives to provide accessibility of linguistic information for the mentioned group of recipients lie in discursive technology text transformation.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84171770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The transitional era in literature and the term realism (1840–1850s)","authors":"A. Stepanov","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.306","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes main milestones of the emergence and approval of the literary term realism. The term was filled with new content in French literature and criticism in the 1840s, and in 1849 first appeared in Russia in the article by Pavel Annenkov. The appearance of the term contributed to the transfer to Russian soil of the entire associative halo of the Realistic school, as it was understood in France at that time. The study of lagging autoreflection allows one to put forward the thesis about the atheoretical nature of realism. The means of realistic self-knowledge were not treatises, but critical articles on modern literature, where the concept of realism served as a means of journalistic polemics. The writers ranked among the great realists today did not classify themselves as such. Realists were considered anti-romantic-minded authors of low origin (raznochintsy), depicting familiar details of low reality. Subsequently, the fundamental thesis of the social determination of characters and artistic typification as asign of realistic art, which was subsequently consolidated, remained peripheral to the autoreflection of realism at the first stage of its development. All this determines the complexity of the conceptualization of this literary trend. In Russia the situation is more complicated because of the still-persisting influence of Soviet literary criticism, which sought to extend the unhistorically understood realism to the entire history of literature and turn it into a telos of literary development. Overcoming this approach and returning to the historical comprehension of realism is one of the urgent tasks of the history of literature.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87058762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The language of evaluation: What the evaluation says about the evaluator","authors":"S. Nefedov","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.410","url":null,"abstract":"The language of evaluation as a subsystem of linguistic means with special pragmatic functions is examined in the context of scientific communication on an interpersonal and personal levels. On the one hand, the role of the evaluation language in reflecting social relationships in the scientific field is emphasized, and on the other hand, the individual characteristics of researchers in establishing professional relationships with their colleagues. It is shown how the participants in the scientific discourse construct their professional identity through the choice of certain types of evaluation resources. Four types of means of evaluation are the focus of consideration, which are central to the evaluative qualification and the evaluative positioning in scientific discourse: evaluative lexemes, modal epistemic words, means of authorization and emphasizing metatextual structures with predicates of mental information processing. It has been noted that different researchers use the same means of evaluation in different ways. The different use of evaluative language can be explained by individual preferences when choosing pragmatic strategies for conducting scientific discussions with other researchers. Accordingly, general professional profiles of the authors of the analyzed articles are distinguished, which reflect their typical language behavior models in interaction with potential communication partners. The description of the profiles is operationalized by metaphorical terms scientistdebater, scientist-diplomat, scientist-didactician. The theoretical articles by three German linguists, who are well-known and authoritative experts in their field, serve as empirical material for the analysis. The methodology is based on the theoretical foundations of language pragmatics, interactional sociolinguistics and discourse analysis.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72472759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dialogues for the blind and those who can see, or Philosophy in the boudoir","authors":"V. Altashina","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.401","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the artistic features of Diderot and Sade’s philosophical dialogues, which allow authors to convey innovative ideas to readers, to turn a serious treatise into a fascinating theatrical show. These works (Diderot’s D’Alembert’s Dream (1769, publ. 1830–1831) and Conversation of a philosopher with the Maréchale de *** (1774, publ. 1775); Marquis de Sade’s Dialogue between a priest and a dying man (1782) and Philosophy in the Boudoir (1785)) are united not only by a dialogical form, but also by the original use of such rhetorical figures as fantasy and evidence, thanks to which abstract philosophical and scientific ideas appear directly before the reader’s eyes. Briefly dwelling on the importance and specificity of these techniques in antiquity, the author of the article examines their manifestations in the studied texts, referring to the history of their creation, structure, chronotype, heroes, mise-en-scène. All dialogues take place in a private setting, which allows the libertine heroes to express without fear their views, communicating them to their listeners in an intelligible language. In all dialogues, fictionality is combined with factuality, but if Diderot represents real characters in fictional situations, the Sade’s fictional characters quote well-known philosophical and anthropological works. The research makes it possible to better understand specificity and popularity of the genre of dialogue in the French Enlightenment literature.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76825831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lexical markers of unity in Russia’s state programmatic documents: Words with the morpheme -edin-","authors":"T. Dubrovskaya","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.406","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores lexicon derived from the Russian stem morpheme -edin- as markers of the semantics of unity. The author reveals how these lexical units function and codify social categories. The data include legal-political discourse, i.e. state strategies and concepts that codify social processes, including association and disassociation of social actors. Methodologically, the paper draws on lexical semantics, semantic syntax, discourse analysis and social constructionism assumptions. A set of research operations involves defining the list of the lexical units, discovering their syntagmatic relations, describing their semantics in context, as well as disclosing functional resources of this lexical group. Eleven words with the stem morphem -edin- (used 80 times altogether) have been identified. These words are surrounded by their derivatives and other words that carry the semantics of unity, which predetermines promoting the ideas of unity through the texts. The lexemes are used discriminately in different contexts and realize the set of their meanings in a distinctive way. In terms of language system, the words with the stem morpheme -edin- have a neutral or positive axiological status; however, negative semantics can be constructed in context, through the attributes with negative connotations. Structurally different word combinations allow for varying conceptualizations of unity: as a quality that characterizes subjects of activities, and as an object that is regulated by the state. Unity is conceptualized as a characteristic of four various dimensions: materialistic (unity of the country’s infrastructure), spacial (territorial unity), axiological (unity of social values) and temporal (historical and generation continuity).","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89886298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New hero in the 1960s Hungarian fiction and film","authors":"Oksana A. Iakimenko","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.312","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the formation of a new hero in Hungarian cinema of the 1960s against the background of transformations that took place in Hungarian society during the so-called Kádár Consolidation period, and in the context of changes that affected the country’s literature and film. The emergence of a new hero is closely connected with literature due to the traditional literary-centricity of Hungarian cinema. A brief description of the situation in literature and film in 1960s of this period is followed by references to three films-symbols of the era: Cantata by Miklos Jáncsó, based on József Lengyel’s short story, Age of Illusions by István Szabó and Good Evening, Summer, Good Evening, Love by Sándor Szőnyi and László Márton based on a short novel by Endre Fejes. The works of Jancsó and Szőnyi are screen adaptations of literary works (the book behind Szőnyi’s film is based on real events), while Sabo’s picture uses an original script, but using documentary materials. Versatile visual solutions, and an appeal to the current narrative techniques in current film speak in favor of the departure of 1960s’ Hungarian films from texts’ adaptations and signal the desire to talk about modernity using new modalities and practices of European cinema, as well as principles of composition inherent in the Hungarian visual arts (especially photography).","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85736701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A room with no Jacob: An aesthetic of absence in Virginia Woolf ’s novels","authors":"Arsenii N. Gavritskov","doi":"10.21638/spbu09.2022.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.202","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores Virginia Woolf ’s experiments with the narrative that added impersonality to her texts. It focuses on an indefinite narrator’s entries, Woolf ’s making her main characters absent from the plot, and focus shifts from the novels’ anthropomorphic characters. An aesthetics of absence is seen as the key element of Woolf ’s individual style, which defines both the structure and the focalization of her novels. The article analyzes the category of absence in the early Woolf ’s novel The Voyage Out and the subsequent reimagining and deeper development of this technique by the writer, which found expression in her later novels Jacob’s Room, To the Lighthouse, and The Waves. The examples from these works demonstrate how the writer intentionally shifts the focus of the narration from the central characters, thereby creating obstructions for herself as an author in order to discover a new way of telling a story. Appealing to the category of absence is considered in the article as a strategy for finding new ways of constructing narrative. The writer’s experiments with impersonalization show that the absence of the main character does not make it impossible to further develop the narrative: the text goes on even if its characters are silent, passive, absent. In addition, the article traces the connection of the deliberate impersonalization of the text with the writer’s idea of a single universal consciousness that does not disappear after a human’s death: so does the text continue to develop after Woolf made its main characters absent.","PeriodicalId":41205,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Yazyk i Literatura","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82832986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}