{"title":"Integrated end-to-end radar processing using knowledge-based control","authors":"P. Antonik, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767334","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated approach to radar processing provides the best opportunity for maximum overall system performance. This is because the results of one stage may impact the processing in subsequent stages. Feedback from the various radar stages provides important information on how the data should be processed. This paper describes a concept for integrated end-to-end radar processing under knowledge-based control. Specific attention is paid to the formulation of rules, which may be procedural, heuristic, or hybrid combination.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115078386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"YINSAR: a compact, low-cost synthetic aperture radar","authors":"D.G. Thompson, A. Robertson, D. Arnold, D. Long","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767322","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has proven useful for many different applications. Many more applications would be possible with a low-cost instrument. To address this need, BYU has developed its interferometric SAR, YINSAR. This compact, low-cost system is operated from a four passenger aircraft. This paper reports the current status of YINSAR. We report the results of some new theoretical work and empirical tests regarding the performance of interferometric SAR. We show data collected with the YINSAR hardware empirically verifying the theoretical statistics of interferograms and estimate the accuracy and sensitivity of this instrument. We describe a new method of combining interferograms from multiple baselines to reduce the error in the final height map.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús García Herrero, J. Portas, F. Rodríguez, J. Corredera
{"title":"ASDE and multilateration mode-S data fusion for location and identification on airport surface","authors":"Jesús García Herrero, J. Portas, F. Rodríguez, J. Corredera","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767354","url":null,"abstract":"A data fusion methodology to process data coming from the airport surface detection equipment (ASDE) and mode-S multilateration sensors in airport surface is presented and evaluated. Rigorous statistical models for the errors committed by both types of measuring systems, including attributes extracted from ASDE images, an extended distance computation for association and a tracking scheme considering states for the relative offset between sensors and orientation angle are developed. The results obtained by simulations with representative operations in European airports show the matching of measuring models with the parameters extracted from simulations and the performance of the tracking system comparing several alternatives with that proposed.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"446 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114016359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constant false alarm rate detection of wake vortices with application to a pulsed Doppler lidar system","authors":"J. E. Wren, E. Baxa","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767281","url":null,"abstract":"A 2 micron pulsed Doppler lidar system is being evaluated as a means of remotely detecting wingtip-induced vortices, i.e., wake vortices, in the approach corridor at an airport runway. The lidar system is placed beside the runway approach corridor and scanned in elevation. A structured signal processor estimates the Doppler spectra of the time sampled lidar return. A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm is applied to field test data and used to estimate the Doppler velocity profile of the cross section of space scanned by the lidar system and the size and strength of the wake vortices. The resulting CFAR detector exhibits the ability to distinguish between different aircraft sizes by the vortex strength.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116308444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical analysis of STAP algorithms for cases with mismatched steering and clutter statistics","authors":"K. McDonald, Rick S. Blum","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767339","url":null,"abstract":"In the majority of adaptive radar detection algorithms, the covariance matrix for the clutter-plus-noise is estimated using samples taken from range cells surrounding the cell under test. In a nonhomogeneous environment, this can lead to a mismatch between the mean of the estimated covariance matrix and the true covariance matrix for the range cell under test. Further, an inaccurate target steering vector may also be employed. Closed form expressions are provided, which give the performance for such cases when any of a set of popular space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms are used. The expressions are exact for some interesting cases. For some other cases, it is demonstrated that the expressions provide good approximations to the exact performance. To simplify the analysis, the samples from the surrounding range cells are assumed to be independent and identically distributed and these samples are assumed to be independent from the sample taken from the cell under test. A small number of important parameters describe which types of mismatches are important and which are not. Monte Carlo simulations are included which closely match the predictions of our equations. Numerical results demonstrate that steering vector mismatch can offset covariance matrix mismatch in some cases.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical sensor for active control of antenna surfaces","authors":"L. G. Shirley","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767198","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to accurately monitor the shape of antenna surfaces is likely to play a critical role in future radar systems. Errors in surface figure are particularly troublesome in applications that require high antenna gains at short wavelengths. For robust operation, these tolerances must be maintained against many outside influences, including the variation of gravitational distortion with elevation angle, bending and vibrations due to antenna motion or wind, and thermal distortions due to radiative heating from the Sun or temperature variations of the surrounding air. Attempts at building large antennas that meet the surface-tolerance specifications based on passive structures alone may be impractical or prohibitively expensive. A more cost-effective approach is to actively control the antenna shape using an array of actuators controlled by feedback signals obtained from surface-shape monitoring. An additional motivation for actively controlling antenna surfaces is to reduce the cost of deploying space-based radars by minimizing the weight of the antenna surface and its supporting mechanical structure.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116400528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitigation of range folded clutter by a nonrecurrent waveform","authors":"J. Clancy, H.F. Bascom, M. P. Hartnett","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767279","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the application of a new nonrecurrent waveform (NRWF) to a relocatable over-the-horizon radar (ROTHR) located in southern Virginia. The waveform is designed to improve the detection of aircraft targets through the mitigation of long-range spread Doppler clutter (SDC) encountered during nighttime operations. A discussion of the NRWF and its principle of operation are included, along with a description of ROTHR modifications. The focus of the paper is the presentation of test results from engineering, clutter mitigation, and target detection tests conducted during January through April of 1997.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130029432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient method for computing azimuth and elevation angle estimates from monopulse ratio measurements of a phased array pencil beam radar with two-dimensional angle steering","authors":"R.N. Spong","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767352","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient method is required for computing azimuth and elevation angle estimates from azimuth and elevation monopulse ratio measurements of a phased array pencil beam radar with beam steering in both azimuth and elevation. Computational load requirements are inherently high because typically several thousand clutter target reports per scan survive the thresholds of the target detection logic. Monopulse editing is relied upon to merge likely target reports or discard clutter targets with azimuth and elevation angle estimates outside of either beamwidth. This paper describes an efficient and accurate method for computing angle estimates by means of polynomial equation least mean square curve fitting. Theoretical plots of angle estimation accuracy are presented for a specific example of a phased array radar with 100 rows and 100 columns of elemental antennas.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129582613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.A. Brandstadt, A. George, M. Krumme, J. Moore, E. D. Lynch, R.D. Brown
{"title":"Real-time processing for ultra-wide SAR sub-surface sensing","authors":"J.A. Brandstadt, A. George, M. Krumme, J. Moore, E. D. Lynch, R.D. Brown","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767318","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing experiments have demonstrated the utility of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the detection of deep sub-surface structures. Volumetric images of the sub-surface can be produced using bistatic, near-field sensing, combined with wide-angle, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing techniques. However, the nature of the problem precludes the use of standard SAR image formation algorithms, and requires a numerically intensive approach. Initial efforts used non-real-time, post-experiment data processing to form the images, but this is not satisfactory for the ultimate goal of an airborne, real-time sensor. This paper focuses on the real-time processing implications of the algorithm, and its implementation on a parallel high-performance computer. The results shown were obtained using ground-based data collection experiments, using surface contact antennas.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115376280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In orbit active array calibration for NASA's LightSAR","authors":"D. Purdy, A. Jacomb-Hood","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767303","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed NASA LightSAR mission will use a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to obtain high resolution images of the Earth. This paper proposes a technique for calibrating the NASA LightSAR active phased array antenna while in orbit. An encoding and decoding technique is used to perform simultaneous measurements of all the array elements thus obtaining an estimate of the relative phases and amplitudes in less than one second. A remote ground calibration station is used to receive the encoded and Doppler shifted signal from which the element phase and amplitudes are recovered. Post processing techniques are used to determine electrical and mechanical distortion errors from the phase measurements. Remote calibration shows potential as a method that may allow mechanical designers to relax mechanical deployment and tolerance specifications for the phased array antenna. The capacity to relax mechanical requirements may result in a simpler mechanical design which reduces cost and mass of the antenna system.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115430305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}