{"title":"Radar cross section measurements for collision avoidance with power transmission line at millimeter-wave frequencies","authors":"H. Yamaguchi, A. Kajiwara, S. Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767298","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, millimeter-wave radar cross section (RCS) characteristics for high-voltage power transmission line is investigated for the purpose of helicopter collision avoidance, where the RCS measurements were conducted. The dependence of the RCS on a radar incidence angle is also discussed at 35 and 94 GHz. It is found that high RCS can be expected and the angle of the mainlobe and sidelobes coincides with the angle of the Bragg scattering.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of multiscale analysis to coherent pulsed sea clutter returns","authors":"G. Davidson, H. Griffiths, R. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767350","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of sea clutter when viewed at low grazing angles has divided opinion upon the correct model for the amplitude statistics. If the scattering mechanism is non-stationary then a method of utilising existing stationary theory is to identify correlated regions. The continuous wavelet transform applied to coherent pulsed data demonstrates that scattering events from the sea surface can be discrete and occur in different forms. Results are presented to show the varying wave velocity spectrum as a function of time. This ultimately gives us second order statistics over a range of velocities which allows us to propose a target detection strategy at clutter velocities, based on the time frequency aspect ratio of the observed event. Measuring the persistence of maxima in the transform allows detection below the clutter level without setting an amplitude threshold.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132775958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance bounds for interference mitigation in radar systems","authors":"P. Techau, J. Guerci, T. H. Slocumb, L. Griffiths","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767194","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of interference suppression in airborne radar systems. Both hot clutter (terrain-scattered interference) that is induced by interfering sources (jammers, etc.) and cold clutter that results from radar transmitter reverberations are considered. A new method is presented for the calculation of the space-time covariance matrix that will be observed under specific topographical conditions. The method incorporates site-specific phenomenological data as well as system effects such as array geometry, receiver filtering, and system bandwidth. This approach differs significantly from the usual approach in which sampled-data analysis is used to estimate the covariance matrix. The new approach allows direct calculation of the degree to which the interference can be mitigated for a specific heterogeneous terrain environment. From these results, one can infer performance bounds which are tighter and thus more meaningful than the thermal noise floor limit.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121057124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sanyal, R.D. Brown, M.O. Little, R. Schneible, M. Wicks
{"title":"Space-time adaptive processing bistatic airborne radar","authors":"P. Sanyal, R.D. Brown, M.O. Little, R. Schneible, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767286","url":null,"abstract":"In 1996, the United States Air Force initiated the Advanced Airborne Surveillance Program (AASP) to develop and demonstrate the detection performance of state-of-the-art multi-channel bistatic airborne radar technology. The AASP sensor utilizes a multi-channel, phased-array receiver, mounted on a BAC1-11 to collect and process bistatic radar returns from moving targets, clutter and jammers. The bistatic multi-channel airborne radar measurements (MCARM) data provides a good starting point in developing STAP algorithms for the AASP system. The steady exploitation of the MCARM data has yielded much insight into the performance of several STAP algorithms in various monostatic as well as bistatic scenarios. This paper describes the bistatic experiments and presents several results attesting to the applicability of STAP algorithms to the bistatic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131848038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Williams, J. Westerkamp, D. Gross, A. Palomion, T. Fister
{"title":"Automatic target recognition of time critical moving targets using 1D high range resolution (HRR) radar","authors":"R. Williams, J. Westerkamp, D. Gross, A. Palomion, T. Fister","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767267","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and automatic target recognition (ATR) of moving targets pose a significant challenge due to the inherent difficulty of focusing moving targets. As a result, ATR of moving targets has received increased interest. High range resolution (HRR) radar mode offers an approach for recognizing moving targets by forming focused HRR profiles with significantly enhanced target-to-(clutter+noise) (T/(C+N)) via Doppler filtering and/or clutter cancellation. A goal of HRR ATR transition is the implementation and evaluation of algorithms exhibiting robustness under extended operating conditions (EOC). A subset of the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) data set was used to study 1D template-based ATR development and performance. Due to the unavailability of a statistically significant moving ground target data set, this approach was taken as an interim step in assessing the separability of ground targets when using range only discriminants. This report summarizes the data and algorithm methodology, performance results, and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126615363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calibration standards and uncertainties in radar cross section measurements","authors":"L. Muth","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767360","url":null,"abstract":"Standards for radar cross section measurements are being developed cooperatively by NIST and DoD scientists. Three technical areas were defined as the foundation of such an effort: (1) monostatic single-channel calibration, (2) full polarimetric calibration using a scattering matrix formalism, and (3) analysis of radar cross section calibration and measurement uncertainty. The authors reviews the results of assessment of calibration data accuracy using a set of cylinders as artifact standards, examines the theory of polarimetric calibrations, and discusses essential areas of radar cross section uncertainty analysis.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126346585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending the phase gradient autofocus algorithm for low-altitude stripmap mode SAR","authors":"D. Thompson, J.S. Bates, D. Arnold","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767199","url":null,"abstract":"The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm has been widely used in spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to remove motion-induced blurs in the images. The PGA algorithm has been proven to be a superior autofocus method. This algorithm is extended for application to low-altitude stripmap mode SAR. PGA assumes a narrow beam, which is valid for most SAR systems. However, lower altitude SARs have large range dependencies that cannot be ignored. A new phase estimator for PGA is introduced and extended to allow range dependence. Three SAR images with different characteristics are used in simulations comparing the new estimator to the widely used maximum likelihood approach and in demonstrating the range-dependent PGA algorithm. The PGA algorithm is also extended to stripmap mode SAR data through a new compression method.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal reduced-rank 3D STAP for joint hot and cold clutter mitigation","authors":"J. Guerci, J. S. Goldstein, P. Zulch, I. Reed","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767288","url":null,"abstract":"A novel signal processing strategy is presented which provides optimal signal-dependent rank reduction for the 3D STAP hot and cold clutter mitigation problem. Through the use of spatial (angle) and PRI temporal (Doppler) degrees-of-freedom, conventional 2D STAP can cancel both monostatic (\"cold\") clutter and direct path jamming. However, additional \"fast-time\" degrees of freedom (on the order of the reciprocal of the receiver bandwidth) are required to cancel so-called \"hot\" clutter formed by jammer terrain-scattered interference. A multistage decomposition of the 3D sidelobe canceler (Wiener filter) is introduced both to evaluate the theoretical performance limits of rank reduction and to demonstrate that a more compact compression of the interference is possible than that obtained by the principal-components method. A high-fidelity simulated data set, based on DTED measurements, is employed to illustrate the efficacy of the multistage Wiener filtering approach to 3D STAP.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127830952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unsupervised training in stochastically constrained STAP for nonstationary hot-clutter mitigation","authors":"Y. Abramovich, S. Anderson, N. Spencer","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767342","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the use of \"stochastically constrained\" spatial and spatio-temporal adaptive processing in multimode nonstationary interference (\"hot-clutter\") mitigation for scenarios typical of frequency-modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) over-the-horizon radar (OTHR). In contrast to pulse waveform (PW) radar, FMCW OTHR does not usually allow access to a group of range cells that are free from the backscattered sea/terrain signal (\"cold clutter\"). Since supervised training methods for interference covariance matrix estimation using the cold clutter-free ranges are inappropriate in this case, we introduce and analyse adaptive routines which can operate on range cells containing a mixture of hot and cold clutter and possible targets (unsupervised training samples).","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124604614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vaidehi, N. Chitra, M. Chokkalingam, C. N. Krishnan
{"title":"Neural network aided Kalman filtering for multitarget tracking applications","authors":"V. Vaidehi, N. Chitra, M. Chokkalingam, C. N. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1999.767301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1999.767301","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptive capability of the Kalman filtering is known to increase by incorporating a neural network into the normal Kalman filter. Current work extends this fact and proposes the neural network aided Kalman filtering scheme for tracking multitargets that are highly manoeuvring. The improvement in the tracking accuracy due to the proposed scheme is presented for various tracking scenarios.","PeriodicalId":411890,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116519363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}