Business Ethics and Leadership最新文献

{"title":"Immersive Technologies in Adult Learning as an Innovative Marketing Tool in the Educational Market","authors":"I. Onopriienko, K. Onopriienko, S. Bourekkadi","doi":"10.21272/bel.7(2).63-72.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.7(2).63-72.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the economic organization and effectiveness of adult education using virtual reality technologies. The main driver of the development of the immersive learning market is the demand from corporations. It is still expensive for most schools and universities, but companies, on the contrary, see it as a way to reduce costs. Immersive learning is a method that uses an artificial or simulated environment that allows students to become fully immersed in the learning process. In addition to creating a distraction-free environment, it can break the monotony of learning and development through stimulating visuals. Immersive learning can make learning more productive and valuable by increasing student engagement. The article also considers the factors that make immersive technologies an innovative tool for use in the marketing strategies of educational institutions and for the promotion of educational content. Immersive learning is a dynamic strategy that can improve e-learning and revolutionize the world of education. This method has great potential to lead the future of learning and help achieve its important goals. VR training is especially in demand in industries with a high line staff turnover: it reduces the cost of continuous training of new employees. Their business applications are almost limitless, from order picking and surgical operations to digital twins to modelling and tracking manufacturing plants, supply chains and other complex systems. AR and VR significantly increase the value and convenience that these opportunities create. These technologies improve how users visualize and access all new monitoring data, how they receive and follow instructions and product manuals, and how they interact. It was concluded that with immersive technologies in educational marketing, the educational market would develop, increase and change under the influence of innovations. It is also believed that the money spent on such technologies is not considered an expense but an investment in the development of the company and the person.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121937472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the Glass Ceiling Philosophy and Reality: A Study of Gender Progress and Career Development in the Corporate World","authors":"S. Itty, Jose Rafael Garcia, Calvin Futterman, Sofia Garcia Aust, B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.21272/bel.3(3).6-18.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(3).6-18.2019","url":null,"abstract":"With the evolving nature of the business world, it has become a modern necessity to have a diverse workforce. As such, human resources professionals and managers must be prepared for the redesign of their organizations to be more inclusive throughout their formal hierarchies. Although the overall attitudes have become generally more feminist, the unfortunate reality is that women continue to face internal and external barriers which act as a ceiling to their career development and advancement. Rather than viewing the paucity of women in management positions as a problem because of public disdain towards gender disparities within the workplace, this paper emphasizes that organizations should view this as an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage, given that having more women in leadership positions is correlated to improved organizational performance.\u0000The main argument of this research is that gender diversity can lead to better outcomes for an organization; in addition to this, research demonstrates that the inclusion of more women within management positions may also encourage a transformational leadership style, which could potentially lead to sustainable growth for a company. Throughout this paper, using the methodology of reviewing recently published literature, this paper demonstrates the fact that the glass ceiling is detrimental to the economic development of both women and the companies as institutional barriers seem to persistently block them from equitable advancement opportunities. Using published data and expert analysis, we provide suggestions and recommendations for the creation of an inclusive work environment where all employees can have fair and transparent progress based on their goals and qualifications.\u0000The “glass ceiling” literature has empirically demonstrated that managers can reduce the negative gender-based stereotypes by empowering more qualified women to take on leadership responsibilities. At the meantime, professionals can serve as advocates in their local governments to create and change laws that are unfair and unjust. All local leaders, managers and employees must promote the benefits of diversity to build and encourage inclusion in the workplace. Furthermore, all organizations can improve their inclusion training so their employees can keep an open mind regarding diversity. With the application of the recommended skills and suggestions, coupled along with public awareness and advocacy for equity in hiring and promotion decisions, the “glass ceiling” can certainly be eliminated in all organizational settings.\u0000Keywords: glass ceiling, discrimination, wage gap, inclusion, gender equality, mentoring, and career development.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"8 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120880817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Concerns While Using Artificial Intelligence in Recruitment of Employees","authors":"Aashima Gupta, Mridula Mishra","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(2).6-11.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(2).6-11.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence has evolved as an alternative to human intelligence. It affects the lives of billions of people. It mimics humans by solving problems and understanding the task. These Artificial Intelligence technologies must have some moral values and ethics incorporated within itself. The usage of AI is growing worldwide, posing more ethical issues to consider. In recent years, many companies have used various Artificial Intelligence tools such as chatbots and face recognition software for fulfilling their hiring needs. This research work will focus on such devices that help manage one of the important functions of human resources: recruitment. It will identify various challenges and ethical issues that a firm faces while assimilating Artificial Intelligence tools in the process of Recruitment. The hiring companies need to make the job seekers realize that AI-powered tools would be free from discrimination and safeguard privacy. The purpose of the study is to identify the ethical issues while incorporating Artificial Intelligence into hiring needs. The study will be based on reviews and features of applications. The study mentions various applications whose features might be unethical for job seekers. Findings reveal that the significant unethical issues faced by the hiring companies are Data privacy and unconscious biasness. The biasness is due to the algorithm that works according to the inputs fed to build it, and the programmer might have subconscious biasness in his mind. AI has restored concerns regarding privacy and data protection. According to a report by UNESCO, Women make up only 22% of all AI professionals. Gender prejudices and stereotyping are perpetuated in AI technologies due to their underrepresentation in the sector. Virtual personal assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Cortana are “female” by default, which is no accident. The submissiveness they display is an illustration of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) might continue to support and extend gender bias in our society.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129131960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Containing Airborne Transmission of COVID-19 and Its Implications for Global Economic Recovery","authors":"Achintya Ray","doi":"10.21272/bel.5(1).81-88.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.5(1).81-88.2021","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China; however, it took international health experts another six months to establish the airborne nature of transmission of the disease. The transmission of the infection through aerosolized virus particles opens a new frontier in global pandemic control initiatives. It necessitates the need for appropriate economic policies to end the COVID-19 recession in most parts of the world. Mass vaccination and herd immunity are potent tools in combatting the challenge of COVID-19. Global vaccination against the disease is also gaining momentum. However, new variants and infection surges threaten to undermine critical gains. Furthermore, complete vaccination of the world population may be many years away. Therefore, it is essential to design public policies and business strategies in a world of great uncertainty. Understanding the airborne transmission of coronavirus will help business leaders craft meaningful operational procedures to protect their stakeholders and minimize costly business disruptions. It will also help the policymakers to avoid economically costly lockdowns. International success in indoor air purification, outdoor air pollution mitigation, widespread adoption of hand hygiene, and universal mask usage can significantly help pandemic control and increase the efficacy of various pandemic control measures. Controlling the pandemic may help countries in opening their economies and kickstarting global travel in the post-COVID-19 world. Such actions may also help in lessening the global burden of many other respiratory diseases. They may, in turn, save countless lives while dramatically reducing premature deaths. Such health gains may be conducive towards boosting GDP, decreasing healthcare costs, increasing productivity, and improving health equities. Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic remains the prime directive of all global public policy measures. Investments in aerosolized virus particle transmission mitigation offer a unique opportunity to achieve health improvement goals whose positive impacts may remain potent for generations to come.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125498432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Trade on Environmental Quality: A Business Ethics Perspective and Evidence from China","authors":"Shuquan He","doi":"10.21272/bel.3(4).43-48.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(4).43-48.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of the environmental impact of trade liberalization in the business ethics perspective. The main purpose of the research is to estimate different effects of trade on environment performance, namely the scale effect, technique effect, and trade-induced composition effects. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of trade and environment indicate that they ignored country-specific factors and different economic development stages. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the research will provide profound insights on the impact of freer trade on the environment. Investigation of trade and environment performance in this paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: literature review, model specification, empirical estimation, and discussion. Methodological tools of the research are panel regression of data at the provincial level over the time period from 1997 to 2008. The object of research is China because China has experiences of fast development in trade. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis by panel regression techniques for the estimation, which shows that trade itself has significantly positive effects on the environment. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the impacts of trade liberalization on environment performance differ from pollutant to pollutant, and it rather depends upon the specific indicator in question. The results of the research can be useful for a number of policy implications for China as well as other developing economies in terms of business ethics.\u0000Keywords: trade liberalization, China, environmental quality, business ethics.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"552 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123384349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical/Historical Account of Public Opinion Survey and Its Importance","authors":"Medani P. Bhandari","doi":"10.21272/bel.3(1).101-108.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(1).101-108.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper illustrates the theoretical and historical account of public opinion survey with reference to public policy (any field-infrastructure, development, environment management, etc.). Paper is based on secondary information and provides a general base of the public opinion survey. The purpose of the paper is to outline the foundation of public opinion collection and use in the policy formulation on general public concern issues such as climate change. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue Theoretical/Historical Account of Public Opinion Survey and Its Importance. The main purpose of this paper is to give a general sense of what is public opinion, what is its origin and use. This short paper illustrates literary sources and approaches on public opinion survey mostly created for solving the social problem. Investigation of the topic shows that the importance of public opinion cannot be avoided in the contemporary world, however the ways of collecting opinions may vary. Methodologically, this paper is completely based on secondary data, literature survey methods. Primarily this paper is based on authors teaching material and epistemology of public opinion survey and polls. The core objective of this research is to make students and researcher familiar about the public opinion, so the paper does not follow the research format trajectory. The results of the research can be useful for students, researchers and policymakers who often used public opinion survey to make decision or policy.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125069900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Board Members on the Presence of Pharmacists as Strategic Leaders of Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Companies Operating in South Africa: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Ms Nsovo Mayimele, P. Demana, M. Keele","doi":"10.21272/bel.7(2).87-98.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.7(2).87-98.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Life-saving medicines are produced by manufacturing pharmaceutical companies (MPCs) with operations worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unequal access to vaccines, which led to advocacy around health rights and MPCs needing to prioritise saving lives over profits. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of board members of the largest listed MPCs in South Africa regarding the presence of pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs, as custodians of medicines. A snowball sampling method was used to identify board members of the listed MPCs on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The board members were approached and requested to participate in their capacity. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Transcription, coding and narrative thematic analysis was applied under five (5) themes with emerging themes identified. A theoretical framework was developed to describe pharmacists at the strategic leadership of an MPC. The data collected were from five (5) respondents (80% male and 20% female), with a mean age of 57 years (SD±=2,24), from medical, business and pharmacy professional backgrounds. The respondents indicated a limited presence of pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs, especially the larger ones. The reasons for the limited presence included the narrow diversity of corporate and leadership skills necessary to lead at a strategic level by pharmacists. Some of the barriers to entry into strategic leadership by pharmacists included the lack of recognition of pharmacy specialisations by the regulator of the pharmacy profession, a mismatch of skills of a graduate and what the industry needs and inadequate governance of the pharmacy profession in South Africa. The respondents agreed that having a pharmacist with ambition, business skills, and experience would benefit the MPC and users of products manufactured. The role and need for pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs was established. It is clear, however, that while pharmacists have value in the leadership of MPCs, their entry should be supported by diversifying their skills in business, leadership and corporate management to extend their value beyond the technical level.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134120209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Trends in Behavioral Economics: A Content Analysis of Social Communications of Youth","authors":"Md. Nur-Al-Ahad, Syed Nusrat","doi":"10.21272/bel.3(3).107-115.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(3).107-115.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of psychological factors that determine the level of rational behavior of an individual in decision-making, the nature of his/her interpersonal and intergroup interaction. The aim of the study is to analyze the main types of youth behavior, depending on the structure of the society around them and the subject of discussion. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is the constant transformation of the norms and rules of behavior declared in society, influenced by the development of information technologies, opening access to scientific and humanitarian knowledge, increasing the number of deviant behavior of young people, difficulties in their adaptation in society, etc. The study of the main psychotypes of the individual in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the starting point of the study is the assumption of a change in youth behavior depending on the object of discussion and the environment in which it is located, after which the authors use the content analysis method to study the behavior of students presented in different WhatsApp groups. The object of the study was the students of some Malaysian universities. The systematization of literary sources and further analysis testify to the continued use of smartphones, which support many applications, in a daily life. WhatsApp has been identified as one of the most popular applications used by smartphone users for both communication and education. The study empirically confirms the successful use of WhatsApp by university students and teachers as a means of communication and knowledge transfer. In the study, the authors have identified the topic of discussions, type of messages and contributors as well as silent readers involved in WhatsApp groups. All the messages exchanged are categorized based on four main topics which are study, personal, current issues and others. It has been found all groups have been able to achieve their respective group objectives. Overall, the most frequently discussed topic for each group is regarding study and personal interest.\u0000Keywords: behavioral economics, WhatsApp, students’ behavior, content analysis.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134235553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on the Supply Chains of UK-Based Multinational Manufacturing Companies","authors":"Fakhrul Hasan, M. R. Islam, Faria Ishrat","doi":"10.21272/bel.6(2).44-67.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(2).44-67.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply chain structures and arrangements of UK-based multinational manufacturing companies. The main objectives of this research are (1) to establish the main risks posed by COVID-19 to the existing supply chains established by multinational manufacturers in the UK, and (2) to evaluate whether multinational manufacturing businesses in the UK can learn from challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic by referring to the concept of supply chain resilience and (3) to provide practical recommendations to multinational manufacturers in the UK on how the key impacts of COVID-19 could be overcome and leveraged as a source of new knowledge in the area of supply chain management. The posed objectives were realized via the mixed methods research strategy involving a quantitative survey and its triangulation with the results of qualitative interviews conducted with managers of such organizations. We used two different data collection channels (1) LinkedIn and (2) Reddit. Our data set was constructed with 12 questionnaires and three interviewers. Using these data sets, our findings strongly suggest that the seven identified risk dimensions influenced the supply chain integrity of these companies both before and after the global COVID-19 pandemic. It could be attributed to the insular state of the UK and other macro-environmental factors limiting the procurement capabilities of local firms. However, most of these dimensions were severely affected by the pandemic, demonstrated by both the performed Friedman tests and the statements voiced by the interviewees. While some mitigation strategies were cited as relatively effective for addressing the emerging risks, most of the respondents noted that the systemic nature of encountered problems and their magnitude made it difficult for individual companies to avoid, mitigate, or transfer these risks.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"338 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115884132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is It Necessary a Renewal of the Theory of the Firm Based on Pandemic realities?","authors":"A. Trifu","doi":"10.21272/bel.4(2).96-101.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(2).96-101.2020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the study of the reverse impact made by the state regulation of entrepreneurial activity on economic development indicators and with substantiation of the expediency to develop new business management theories. According to the analysis of studies on “firm” definition and the peculiarities of its operation, these issues have been actively studied since Adam Smith when the firm was an important component of the marketplace, and until the legislative definition and certification of its operation. The article considers the firm a legal entity, an open economy institution operating under corporate law. The study is conducted based on a critical review of the literature in this field, including information and news of the pandemic period, the synthesis of which allows to draw conclusions about the possibility and need to update the theoretical basis for organizational management, based on the deduction method. According to the analysis results, today, the firm operates in conditions of increased competition and an open environment. Its main functions are the production of goods or services, making a profit and meeting the needs of the population, government agencies or other firms, and the basis of the activities of legislation and regulations approved by government agencies. One of the main problems in modern firms’ functioning is the coronavirus pandemic, which is the essential structural crisis in the economy after World War II. It caused rising unemployment, significant loss of profits, and bankruptcy of small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, one of the most stable and efficient sectors of the pandemic economy is the IT business and the catering sector. The study shows the need to transform organizations’ existing management strategies in terms of their adaptation to the realities of the modern world economic system. The study results can be useful for managers and heads of enterprises in improving the efficiency of firms during the crisis.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Lockdown, Pandemic, Profit, Public Authorities Support, Theory of the Firm, Wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":410560,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics and Leadership","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115016568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}