Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials最新文献

{"title":"Advances on potential-driven growth of metal crystals from ionic liquids","authors":"Md. Mominul Islam,&nbsp;Saika Ahmed,&nbsp;Muhammed Shah Miran,&nbsp;Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This article highlights the electrodeposition of metals, in crystalline or </span>amorphous<span><span> form, that are monentous in the present era of science and technology. Available literature related to nucleation and growth of metal crystals has been reviewed to gain insight into the mechanism and kinetics. The progress made in the </span>electrodeposition<span><span> technique, using an ionic liquid (IL) medium, has been detailed for selected metals using different ILs for achieving the controlled growth mechanism driven by </span>electrochemical potential. Theoretical models for nucleation and growth of crystals by electrodeposition have been explained and the effect of crystallization overpotential on the growth of crystal growth has been discussed. Finally, the factors affecting the growth process and the mechanism have been identified and critically analyzed based on the available literature, fundamental knowledge-base, chemistry of ILs, and electrodeposition.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 4","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3081422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and Practical Studies on Effects of External Electrostatic Electric Field on Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Protein Crystals","authors":"Haruhiko Koizumi ,&nbsp;Satoshi Uda","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The crystallization technique where an electric field is applied is an extremely powerful tool to control the crystallization processes of various materials. In particular, the method with application of an external electrostatic electric field can have a significant effect on the phase equilibrium of the liquid and solid phases. This review demonstrates that the crystallization processes of proteins are significantly impacted by the application of an external electrostatic electric field: (1) Control of both the increase and decrease in the nucleation rate can be achieved by changing the applied frequency of the external electrostatic electric field. (2) The effect of the external electrostatic electric field on the nucleation rate can be controlled by regulating the thickness of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the interface. (3) The quality of the grown crystals can be improved by an increase in the step free energy under application of an external electrostatic electric field at 1 MHz. The effect of the external electrostatic electric field on nucleation and growth kinetics during crystal growth of proteins is also discussed based on a thermodynamic perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 3","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1559678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal stress relaxation phenomenon through forming the interstitial region in CZ silicon pulled with rapid and slow cooling heat shields","authors":"Takao Abe","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100579","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;This review article aims to clarify a mechanism of point defects formation in a CZ Si crystal through an experimental arrangement using the two kinds of heat shields with different slow-pulling periods. Point defects in a melt grown &lt;/span&gt;silicon&lt;span&gt; crystal have been studied for a long time. The author and his co-researchers have reported about “Mechanism for generating interstitial atoms by thermal stress during silicon crystal growth” [in Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;66&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; (2019) 36-46]. The experimental arrangement includes constant growing, changing pulling rate and finally detaching crystals from the melt. The two types of heat shields were used to change the cooling history of the grown crystals, for changing a temperature gradient at a bulk part in the grown crystal, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;G&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;. In order to prove that the formation of an interstitial region or a boundary of vacancies (Vs)/interstitials (Is) in a silicon crystal is a phenomenon of relaxing thermal stress, the author explains that a &lt;em&gt;G&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt; in a crystal forms thermal stress and causes some silicon atoms at lattice positions to move to the closest interstitial sites to relax the stress. The author defines a new term of metastable interstitial atom, I’, or I's as the plural of I’. The I’ coexists with the metastable vacancy V’ from where the I’ is displaced. The plural of V’ is defined to be V's. The author defines the above state to be a complex (I’+ V’), or (I ’+ V’)s as the plural of (I’+ V’), and explains that the (I’+ V’) s convert to Is and form the Is region. The (I’+ V’) is considered as the Frenkel pair-like complex.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The crystals were firstly pulled with a high pulling rate, and the pulling rate was consequently decreased to a slow one. Then the crystals were pulled with the slow constant pulling rate for different periods making different cooling processes. Finally, the grown crystals were detached from the melt and cooled rapidly. Characterization of defects, such as Vs, Is, and defect-free (D-F) regions were identified in X-ray topographs (XAOP(s)). Wafer lifetime mapping (WLTM(s)) allows confirming dislocation loop (DL) regions. The results show that the Is are generated depending on the pulling period of the slow pulling and the shapes of the heat shields. The Is and DL regions are formed in a region at temperatures near the melting point. The Is form an Is region through a defect-free (D-F) region, forming the Vs/Is boundary. When the thermal stress weakens, the DL region changes to the Is region; the Is region changes to the D-F region; and the D-F region changes to the Vs region. Temperature gradient distribution is induced toward various directions at different parts of the growing crystal depending on the different slow-pulling periods. The temperature gradient, &lt;em&gt;G&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;, includes a temperature gradient from the cooled region shaded","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 3","pages":"Article 100579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3398756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, structure, electrical and optical properties of transition metal chalcogenide crystals synthesized by improved chemical vapor transport technique for semiconductor technologies","authors":"Abhay Dasadia ,&nbsp;Vidhi Bhavsar","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Low dimensional structures, including bulk crystals, thin films<span>, nanowires and nanotubes<span>, have received remarkable attention due to their novel functionality and potential applications in various areas of optics<span>, electronics, photonics, and sensing devices and </span></span></span></span>photovoltaic<span> field. Recently, remarkable progress and modification have been achieved in the synthesis process of crystalline material by vapor transport technique. In this review, we introduce an improved concept of the closed tube Chemical Vapor Transport (CVT) technique for the single crystal growth of ZrSTe, TiSTe and TiSeTe. A modified reverse temperature profile has reported the growth of ZrSTe, TiSTe and TiSeTe results show the good crystalline quality of synthesized materials. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals all three samples have trigonal unit cell structure with a space group of P31. The Semiconducting behavior of grown crystals of ZrSTe, TiSTe and TiSeTe was verified by two probe resistivity measurements, </span></span>Hall Effect<span><span> measurements and optical absorption at room temperature in the spectral range of 200 nm - 2200 nm. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the transition of metal </span>chalcogenides<span><span> for their advanced application in solar energy conversion<span>, thin-film electronics, optoelectronic devices and </span></span>quantum communication devices. Moreover, different experimental challenges within the described growth technique are probed. Additionally, a survey was done for the possible enhancement of Transition Metal Chalcogenide (TMC) crystalline materials grown by the Chemical Vapor Transport technique based on various growth parameters.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 3","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1741704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Vitality of the Classical Theory of Crystal Nucleation; Crystal Nucleation in Pure Own Melt; Atmospheric Ice and Snow; Ice in Frozen Foods","authors":"Christo N. Nanev","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100567","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The main reason for the longevity of the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) is its firm thermodynamic basis; reviewing the discussion about the molecular-scale mechanism of crystal nucleation from solutions, and especially the mechanism of protein crystal nucleation, we note that the diverse nucleation pathways across the metastable phase cannot contradict the thermodynamic conclusions of the CNT. In this review paper, revisiting the basic postulates of CNT, we argue that not only the energy barrier for crystal nucleation but the entire dependence of Gibbs’ thermodynamic potential on the crystal size is worth interpreting. In doing so, two supplementations to CNT have been elaborated. The first one concerns the theoretical method employing Equilibration between the Bond energy (i.e., the intra-crystalline cohesive energy which maintains the integrity of a crystalline cluster), and the surface Destructive Energy (tending to tear-up the crystal) - abbreviated EBDE. Second, we show that the dependence of the Gibbs’ thermodynamic potential on the crystal size determines not only the birth, but also the initial growth (or dissolution during Ostwald ripening) of the just born nuclei of the new phase; this is predicted in the negative branch of the said dependence. Initially, EBDE was used for explaining crystal nucleation from solutions, but most recently, this method was redefined for considering crystal nucleation in melts. The purposively redefined EBDE was applied for considering ice nucleation, which is an important case of spontaneous melt crystallization in nature - the quantitative consideration of the ice crystal nucleation is needed for better understanding of atmospheric processes, such as snowfall, white frost, sleet, hail, and ice fog. By focusing on the action of ice nucleating particles (INPs), which engender heterogeneous nucleation of ice, the snowfall is elucidated in a new way - ice nucleation in the atmosphere is considered as a two-step process, the first one being vapor &lt;/span&gt;condensation in liquid droplets, and the second one - water freezing. Also, ice nucleation in frozen foods is re-considered applying EBDE. (It is known that freezing ensures a high-quality product and long shelf life of a wide range of food products, such as fish, meat, vegetables, tropical fruits, coffee, flavor essence, etc.) And because numbers and sizes of ice crystals are decisive for the degree of deterioration of food quality due to freezing, the mean sizes of the ice crystals (which depend on their number) are considered in a quantitative manner. Also, another consideration concerns ice crystal nucleation and growth occurring by freeze concentration of liquid foods. Although aimed at reviewing fundamental aspects of crystal nucleation, it is to be hoped that some results of the considerations in this paper may also be beneficial for practical applications; suggestions in this respect are mentioned throughout the paper. For instance, the ","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 2","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1559679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation of crystalline minerals and their role in the origin of life on Earth","authors":"Cesia D. Pérez-Aguilar,&nbsp;Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>As known currently, in the formation of the Earth, minerals have played a pivotal role going from the formation of the hydrosphere<span>, the lithosphere, and all Earth components until the origin, evolution, and maintenance of life. The first signs of </span></span>magnetism<span><span> are found in komatiites. In the origin of life, minerals were responsible for concentrating, aligning, and acting as templates and catalyzers, allowing for the formation of bonds among the first biomolecules to form polymers, which eventually became assembled to give rise to the pioneer organism in the Precambrian. Besides, minerals allowed the DNA to be the information storing molecule, even though it was not the first biomolecule. Another function of minerals was to protect the organic complexes against </span>ultraviolet radiation<span><span> and hydrolysis, a fundamental action to preserve life in the Precambrian where high UV radiation prevailed. Minerals not only favored the origin of life but also became part of the organisms that inhabit the Earth, including species of the five kingdoms, comprising from microorganisms to higher organisms. How minerals participated in the origin of life still has unresolved questions, for which to understand the minerals’ participation since the formation of the Earth until becoming part of the structure of organisms from the five kingdoms, we reviewed the following topics, which will contribute to the understanding of the implication of minerals in the origin of our planet and life on it: i) the synthesis of the chemical elements from which the first mineral were obtained in the Earth, ii) the factor that favored the formation of minerals in the Earth, iii) the implication of minerals as the basis for the synthesis of the first biomolecule and, eventually, the pioneer organism, as well as the </span>biomineralization mechanism that has been proposed to account for the mineral part contained in the structure of the organisms from the different kingdoms, and iv) the models that allow emulating the mechanisms by which minerals participated in the synthesis of the first biomolecule; in this way, for example, the Precambrian microfossils are so simple morphologically (spheres, subspheres, and hemispheres) that they can easily be imitated by hollow mineral growths, known as biomorphs. Although these can interfere with the study of actual microfossils, they remain as key points for the study of the origin of life.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1743839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A short overview on practical techniques for protein crystallization and a new approach using low intensity electromagnetic fields","authors":"Camila Campos-Escamilla ,&nbsp;Luis A. Gonzalez-Rámirez ,&nbsp;Fermín Otálora ,&nbsp;José Antonio Gavira ,&nbsp;Abel Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2022.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This contribution deals with a practical overview of some popular and sophisticated crystallization methods that help increase the success rate of a crystallization project and introduces a newly developed method involving low intensity electromagnetic fields<span>. Aiming to suggest a methodology to follow, the present contribution is divided into two main parts in a logical order to get the best crystals for high resolution X-ray crystallographic analysis. The first part starts with a short review of the chemical and physical fundamentals of each crystallization method through different strategies based on physicochemical approaches. Then, practical non-conventional techniques for protein crystallization are presented, not only for growing protein crystals, but also for controlling the size and number of crystals. These include crystal growth in gels, counter-diffusion, seeding, and macromolecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). The second part shows the effects of coupling low intensity electric fields (in the scale of units of  μAmperes) with weak magnetic fields (in the scale of milli Tesla) applied to protein crystallization. This approach consists of a novel experimental set up, which was used to study the influence of the coupled fields on the crystallization of lysozyme<span> in solution and in gel media. This new approach is based on the classical theories of transport phenomena and offers a more accessible strategy to obtain suitable crystals for X-ray characterization or Neutron diffraction investigations.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2287240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ optical microscopy observation of elementary steps on ice crystals grown in vapor and their growth kinetics","authors":"Gen Sazaki ,&nbsp;Masahiro Inomata ,&nbsp;Harutoshi Asakawa ,&nbsp;Etsuro Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Shunichi Nakatsubo ,&nbsp;Ken-ichiro Murata ,&nbsp;Ken Nagashima ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Furukawa","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ice is one of the most abundant materials on the earth's surface, and its growth governs various natural phenomena. Hence, the molecular-level understanding of ice crystal surfaces<span><span> is crucially important. However, it is generally acknowledged that the molecular-level observation of ice crystal surfaces by ordinary microscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy<span> and scanning electron microscopy, is very difficult at temperatures near the melting point (0 °C). To overcome such difficulties, we have developed laser confocal microscopy combined with differential interference contrast microscopy (LCM-DIM). We proved that LCM-DIM can visualize individual elementary steps (0.37 nm in thickness) on a basal face by observing two-dimensional nucleation growth. Then we found by LCM-DIM that spiral steps on a basal face exhibit a double-spiral pattern, which can be expected from ice's crystallographic structure. In addition, we revealed that temperature dependence of growth kinetics of elementary spiral steps on a basal face exhibits complicated behaviors, which show the presence of unknown phenomena in the growth kinetics. Furthermore, we proved that </span></span>surface diffusion of water admolecules on a basal face plays a crucially important role in the lateral growth of elementary steps when the distance between adjacent spiral steps is smaller than 15 µm. These findings will provide a clue for unlocking growth kinetics of ice crystals. In addition, through the use of LCM-DIM much progress has been made in studies on the surface melting of ice and the interaction between ice and atmospheric gasses.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"67 4","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2080630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CdTe-based crystals with Mg, Se, or Mn as materials for X and gamma ray detectors: Selected physical properties","authors":"Andrzej Mycielski ,&nbsp;Aneta Wardak ,&nbsp;Dominika Kochanowska ,&nbsp;Marta Witkowska-Baran ,&nbsp;Michał Szot ,&nbsp;Rafał Jakieła ,&nbsp;Jarosław Z. Domagała ,&nbsp;Leszek Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Michał Kochański ,&nbsp;Gabriela Janusz ,&nbsp;Marcin Dopierała ,&nbsp;Adam Marciniak ,&nbsp;Barbara Witkowska ,&nbsp;Bartłomiej S. Witkowski ,&nbsp;Anna Reszka ,&nbsp;Andrei Avdonin ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Łusakowska ,&nbsp;Witold Chromiński ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Lewandowska ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Górska","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In recent years, a series of investigations has been devoted to a possibility of using crystals based on CdTe with addition of magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), or manganese (Mn) for X and </span>gamma radiation detectors. In the literature there are contradictory data with respect to the segregation of Mg in (Cd,Mg)Te and Se in Cd(Te,Se) and to the possibility of obtaining materials with a homogeneous composition without grains and twins.</p><p>We have wide technological possibilities of preparing crystals and investigating some of their properties. Thus, we performed crystallizations of (Cd,Mg)Te, Cd(Te,Se), (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se), and (Cd,Mn)Te compounds. The aim of our studies was to check whether any of the investigated materials may be easily obtained by the Low Pressure Bridgman (LPB) method in the form of large, homogeneous, high resistivity single crystals with as few as possible twins, subgrains, and tellurium inclusions.</p><p>The crystallization processes were performed by using the LPB method. The elements used: Cd, Te, Mn, Mg, and Se were of the highest purity available at that time. In order to obtain reliable conclusions the crystallization processes were carried out under identical technological conditions. The details of our technological method and the results of the investigation of physical properties of the samples are presented below.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"67 4","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1804611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-wet growth and characterization of multi-functional nano-engineered mixed metal oxides for industrial application","authors":"Laxman Singh ,&nbsp;Ravikant Sharma ,&nbsp;Narayan Singh ,&nbsp;Atendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Dev K Mahato ,&nbsp;Youngil Lee ,&nbsp;Mikhael Bechelany ,&nbsp;KD Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This review paper covers the low temperature wet growth of nano-engineered particles of ZnO-based mixed metal oxides, their growth mechanism, and characterization using X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM and IR, UV–visible, and XPS spectral techniques. Main focus of this article is centered on low temperature semi-wet methods of synthesis that are suitable for large scale production of zinc oxide-based systems mixed with </span>iron oxide<span><span>, copper oxide, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide. These mixed metal oxides have broad industrial applications as catalyst, semiconductors, adsorbents, </span>superconductors, electro-ceramics, and antifungal agents in addition to extensive applications in medicines. This paper discusses the low-cost and environment friendly synthesis of these mixed metal oxides, measurement of properties and applicability of these materials systems.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"67 4","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2021.100542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2287242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}