E. Gupta, Akshita Gupta, PadakiNagaraja Rao, Srinivas Chakravarthy Narsimhachar, A. Arora, J. Sickan, Ajay Darbar, Hussain Ali
{"title":"Moving ahead in HCV diagnostics: Need for the introduction of HCV core antigen assay in low and middle-income countries","authors":"E. Gupta, Akshita Gupta, PadakiNagaraja Rao, Srinivas Chakravarthy Narsimhachar, A. Arora, J. Sickan, Ajay Darbar, Hussain Ali","doi":"10.51520/2766-838x-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-838x-8","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. The diagnosis of HCV is primarily based on indirect serological assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA), and rapid diagnostic tests to detect HCV antibodies. Direct tests detect/quantify components of HCV virions, such as HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) (nucleic acid test or nucleic acid amplification test [NAT]) and HCV core antigen (HCVcAg). The HCVcAg assay (CIA, Abbott ARCHITECT) is an immune assay used for the quantitative determination of the HCVcAg. This test is simple and fast with the potential to be incorporated into diagnostic guidelines and be used in combination with anti-HCV (CIA) as an effective screening test. HCVcAg can also be used as a potential biomarker for treatment initiation and monitoring patients to assess the treatment response. Apart from this, the scope for implementation of the HCVcAg assay in resource limited setting lies in screening of immune compromised patients where anti-HCV serology is not dependable. However, concerns related to lower sensitivity compared to HCV RNA do exist. Nevertheless, the HCVcAg assay can make a significant difference in the measures taken for the control and eradication of hepatitis C and its complications in India.","PeriodicalId":409797,"journal":{"name":"RAS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130693083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Say Sophakphokea, Rith Sokuncharya, Norng Chakriya, Ang Vichheka, Chheun Malyheng, Ly Sokheng, Prom Kimheang, C. Rithy, C. Chim
{"title":"Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Local Commercial Yahe (Fermented Caridean-Shrimp) Products","authors":"Say Sophakphokea, Rith Sokuncharya, Norng Chakriya, Ang Vichheka, Chheun Malyheng, Ly Sokheng, Prom Kimheang, C. Rithy, C. Chim","doi":"10.51520/2766-838x-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-838x-11","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation was used since ancient times as an easy method of food preservation, which also maintains and/or improves the nutritional and sensory properties of food. A research as aimed at identifying strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented caridean-shrimp, which properties suitable for starter cultures in food fermentation. A total of 18 LAB stains were obtained from ten different samples, in each sample consisted of commercial LAB strain that isolated from ten samples of caridean-shrimp. The LAB strains from ten samples were screened for resistance to biological barriers (acid and bile salts), and the three most promising strains were selected. The three bacteria strains were isolated from samples of caridean[1]shrimp and were characterized by the API 50 CHL system of identification. Three lactic acid bacteria species were identified and included Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Strain Y’11b,2, Y’11e,2, Y’85,1, which showed probiotic characteristics reducing cell growth of cancer, could be suitable as a starter culture for food fermentation because of its strong acid production and high acid tolerance. This is the first report to describe bacteria, isolated from caridean[1]shrimp, Lactobacillus Plantarum (Y’11b,2, Y’11e,2) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Y’85,1) which have the probiotic characteristics and the acid tolerance needed for its use as a starter culture in food fermentation.","PeriodicalId":409797,"journal":{"name":"RAS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134456031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time scale of the growth progress in bacterial cultures: a self-consistent choice","authors":"A. Schiraldi, R. Foschino","doi":"10.51520/2766-838x-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-838x-12","url":null,"abstract":"An empirical model describes the behavior of an ideal microbial culture that mimics the real one. The predicted growth curve, log[N(t)], includes the onset tail of the observed sigmoid trend, while the latency phase that precedes the cell duplication is a time gap, which does not coincide with the so-called lag phase of other models. Unsolved remains the issue of the time scale: does the origin of the time scale of the experimenter coincide with that of the microbial culture? The correlation between duration of latency phase and maximum slope of the growth trend allows determination of a “true” starting point of the growth progress as the origin of the time scale of the microbial culture. Rigid shifts in the time scale of the experimenter allow alignment of the growth trends of real microbial cultures (in excess substrate, in the same medium and at the same temperature), no matter the starting population density. The time scale of the bacterial culture allows a consistent evaluation of the extent of the latency phase that can include a “negative” time span, which is supposed to deal with some basal cell metabolism not aimed at duplication. Some examples, dealing with real psychrotrophic bacterial cultures, support the model and perfect the prediction of the extent of the latency phase at various temperatures.","PeriodicalId":409797,"journal":{"name":"RAS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ATPase Effects on pro-nutrients-mTOR release long fatty acids chains which under mitochondrial phospholipase, synthase & synthetase effects form three ROR-alpha, beta, gamma isoform","authors":"A. Tantawi","doi":"10.51520/2766-838x-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-838x-7","url":null,"abstract":"RORs isoforms are so active biological molecules in lipid metabolism and in fat biosynthesis, that strongly dependent on and regulated by OPA1 mitochondrial genes and its active mitochondrial enzymes where each of mitochondrial enzyme (phospholipase, synthase, and synthetase) is responsible for its own ROR isoform {phospholipase responsible for ROR-alpha synthesis, synthase responsible for ROR[1]beta synthesis, and synthetase responsible for ROR-gamma synthesis} for acting and functioning the long fatty acids molecules “which produced from the effects of ATPase and COX enzyme on lipid molecules which accompanied and associated with absorbed nutrient molecules (pro-lipo-nutrient -mTOR molecules) “, and then will follow its own pathway in fatty and amino acids biosynthesis, in active anti[1]inflammations biosynthesis, and then will follow its own functions in original cells proliferations.","PeriodicalId":409797,"journal":{"name":"RAS Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127447057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}