Acta Historica Tallinnensia最新文献

{"title":"VISIOONIDEST TEGURIKS HARIDUSPOLIITIKAS: EESTI HARIDUSIDEOLOOGIA PEASUUNAD JA ÜHISKONDLIK ORGANISEERUMINE ESIMESE MAAILMASÕJANI","authors":"V. Sirk","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2014.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2014.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2014.1.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TARTUSSE ASUTATAVA EESTLASTE KIRIKUVALITSUSEGA VABAKIRIKU EELNÕUST EESTI EVANGEELSE LUTERI USU VABA RAHVAKIRIKU ASUTAMISENI. 1917. JA 1919. AASTA KIRIKUKONGRESSID, HISTORIOGRAAFIA JA RETSEPTSIOON","authors":"R. Saard","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2014.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2014.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2014.1.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History, War, War of History. On the Interpretations of the Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict","authors":"A. Jürgenson","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2013.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2013.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This September marked the 20th anniversary of the end of the Georgian-Abkhazian war. The war started on 14 August 1992 with the Georgian aggression towards Abkhazia, who had declared its independence, and ended on 30 September 1993. In the war, 10 000.30 000 Georgian citizens and up to 3000 Abkhazian citizens lost their lives. As a result of the war, the majority of the Georgian community left Abkhazia, and this has remained the main source of conflict between Georgia and Abkhazia for the past twenty years. The perspectives from which this conflict has been treated and still is treated are different, stemming mainly from the two contradicting conceptions: the territorial unity of Georgia versus the right to self-determination of the Abkhaz people. In the present contribution, I discuss the different perspectives of the Georgian. Abkhazian conflict in public discussions. I illustrate how the history written by Abkhaz authors historicises ethnic special characteristics and how this activity is coined as a response to the aggressive ambitions of the Georgians. According to the Georgian authors, the ancient Abkhazian Kingdom was ethnically Georgian, according to the Abkhazian authors, Abkhazian. The Abkhazian historical writing emphasises the centuries-long continuity of the Abkhazian state, whereas the Georgian writings point out its interruptions. In the Abkhazian historical writings, Georgia is presented as a chauvinist assimilator and a coloniser, whose activity brought along the escalation of the conflict during perestroika, which culminated with a war in 1992.1993. The war itself is presented as a patriotic war for the Abkhaz people, due to which, first and foremost, the contribution of the Abkhaz people and also that of their kindred nations is pointed out, but not that of Russians. The Abkhazian historical writings that stress the link between the ancient and the contemporary Abkhazians, between the ancient and the contemporary state, are in compliance with the pattern of creating a nation: the national movements and interest groups strive for legitimising their attempts to gain independence by ethnic.cultural and settlement historical facts, if possible, also referring to any previous political independence.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2013.1.06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MOVEMENT TO ESTONIANIZE SURNAMES IN INTERWAR ESTONIA","authors":"T. Raun","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2012.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the movement to Estonianize surnames in interwar Estonia following the establishment of independence. A substantial proportion of Estonians had non-Estonian, mainly German, surnames, dating from the time of the emancipation of the serfs in the early nineteenth century. Finland, where a similar situation prevailed with the widespread presence of Swedish surnames, served as a stimulus and model for the Estonian movement. The initial efforts to promote nationalization of names in the 1920s and early 1930s failed, largely because the process was complicated and expensive. On the other hand, when the Pats regime placed the full force of the state behind the campaign, it quickly found a massive response. The extent to which the success of the movement also signified a more integrated and unified ethnic Estonian community, however, remains debatable.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Industry in the Estonian SSR under the Seven Year Plan (1959-1965) in the Context of the National Economic Council Reform","authors":"M. Pihlamägi","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2013.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2013.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The seven year plan was formulated and implemented in the period when an industrial management reform in the USSR was underway. The reform, which became known as the National Economic Council (NEC) reform, was aimed to decentralize the management of industry, including the construction industry. This reform was driven by the need for changes in the industrial sector in order to accelerate economic growth. Nevertheless, the freedom of the new administrative body, the National Economic Council, to make its own decisions on industrial matters was limited by the centrally established rules. General industrial development trends and production volumes were prescribed by the directives from Moscow. The task of the republican NECs was to increase the managerial efficiency by quickly solving the local economic problems and taking all measures to exploit local resources for the fulfilment of the plan targets. Expectations for the seven year plan were high. The plan was expected to guide the country to greater social and economic progress. The high-spirited seven year plan was based on the desire of the political leaders to make the USSR the greatest industrial power rather than on the real economic situation and opportunities for industrial development. The industrial output of the Estonian SSR was to increase 1.8-fold on the base of productivity growth. Higher productivity was to be achieved by the implementation of new technology and techniques and rapid development of automation. The Estonian SSR like Latvia and Lithuania had also to make huge contributions to the fishing industry of the USSR, as well as to the chemical industry of the USSR, in order to eliminate the backwardness in these areas. In addition, the Estonian SSR had the task to supply electrical energy for the northwestern region of the Soviet Union. According to the seven year plan, the Estonian SSR had to focus on the development of oil shale-based power engineering, building materials, engineering, fishing and fish processing industries. During the seven year plan period the industry faced many problems inherited from the era of five year plans. The industrial and construction management reform could not resolve these problems. As the economic system remained unchanged and the new management system continued to prefer administrative methods to economic methods, all the problems inherent in a command economy persisted. One of the most important problems was related to planning. The excessively large number of plans made their coordination and management difficult, especially because the plans were frequently changed. The fact that some plan parameters were changed while other, related parameters remained unaltered caused a lot of confusion. Industrial enterprises themselves had little influence on the drafting of their development plans. The system of plan indicators was too detailed; moreover, numerous indicators were fixed by a higher authority. So the industrial enterprise was still i","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2013.1.05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NÕUKOGUDE AEG NÄHTUNA ERINEVATE MÄLUKOGUKONDADE SILMADE LÄBI","authors":"A. Aarelaid-Tart","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2012.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VABARIIGID JA KOMITEED: MASSILIIKUMINE EESTI VALDADES 1905. AASTAL MIKROAJALOOLISES MÕÕTKAVAS","authors":"T. Karjahärm","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2012.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEREMEHED RINDEL: MEREDESSANTPATALJON EESTI VABADUSSÕJAS","authors":"Arto Oll","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2012.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2012.1.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FORMATION OF THE BALTIC CLAUSE. A FINNISH INITIATIVE","authors":"Antti-Jussi Nygård","doi":"10.3176/hist.2012.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2012.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Baltic Clause was a special arrangement in Baltic trade policy during the interwar period. By adding the clause to their trade treaties, the Baltic states aimed to secure the special customs privileges they had granted or would grant to each other. In the long term, at least in the cases of Estonia and Latvia, the aim was to extend this principle towards a customs union. The underlying reasons for such measures were, of course, economic. Just a few years earlier the small countries abutting the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea had been part of the same colossal economy. By creating a system of regional preferences, the newly independent countries were actually trying to simulate and compensate for the old system. Re-aligning the economy was a central part of the transition process that took place during the first years of Baltic independence. The plans also had a political dimension and were connected to Baltic cooperation and later the Baltic Entente. The history of the Baltic Clause has been written mostly from the Estonian and Latvian viewpoints. This is understandable because at the beginning of the 1930s the clause became an official part of Estonian and Latvian foreign trade policies. In my paper I will show that, for Finland, the Baltic Clause was originally not so much a door to a customs union as a means of gaining similar advantages without the political burden of such a union. However, due to the lack of economic connections Finland chose not to use the Baltic Clause in her trade treaties. The paper is mostly based on archival materials from the Estonian National Archives and the archives of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. The author is preparing a doctoral thesis on Finno-Estonian economic relations during the interwar period.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/hist.2012.1.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69889000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HILISKESKAEGSEST NIGULISTE KIRIKUST HINGEPALVETE JA ENESEEKSPONEERIMISE PEEGLIS","authors":"K. Markus, K. Tooming","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2011.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2011.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2011.1.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69887971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}