European Journal of Marketing and Economics最新文献

{"title":"A Case Study of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth Relationship in Turkey","authors":"M. Karimov, Davit Belkania","doi":"10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p97-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p97-101","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign direct investment is believed to enhance long-term economic growth of a country through knowledge spillovers and technology transfers. This paper is an empirical attempt to check the effects of the foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth (GDP) of Turkey. The paper uses time span from 1980 to 2017 for statistical analysis. Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests were applied for empirical analysis. The results of the tests confirmed the presence of the co-integration between GDP and FDI as it was expected from the beginning. Furthermore, Granger causality test showed the unidirectional causality from FDI to GDP.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122068832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Economic and Demographic Factors on Retirement Risks in Albania","authors":"Olgerta Idrizi, Besa Shahini","doi":"10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p115-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p115-122","url":null,"abstract":"C19, the pension system has an important role in developing countries’ economies. It is very important in the context of the social security. During the last two decades, pension plan in Albania, has passed important transformation in all aspects. So the first goal is maintaining the stability of this system. The aim of this paper is to analyze the efficiency and sustainability of the existing pension system in the Albania and the identification of key factors, which determine its further stability. We should point out that life insurance market and pension plan in Albania are noticeably underdeveloped compared to other European countries, but in the recent years it has been developing moderately under the influence of various factors. Many economic factors have an impact on it, and some of them are globalization, global economic crisis and expressed instability of financial markets. Other factors like demographic factors: mortality rate, life expectancy and net migration have also impact on retirement risk, but in this paper we will analyze and indicate the most significant economic and demographic factors.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123351673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism Clusters, Characteristics, Principles and Developing Theory","authors":"Xhevahir Doçaj, S. Domi, A. Terpollari","doi":"10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P39-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P39-43","url":null,"abstract":"This is a descriptive paper that intends to analyze the Tourism Cluster Theory, considering the theoretical consideration, different opinions and ways of approaches. It considers carefully definitions, and the essential basic factors and characteristics that determine conditions and chances of creating a tourism cluster system. Importance of the competition and possible cooperation meantime between present actors in a specific location. Very significant aspects and elements of the cluster areas follows: technology, innovation and creative innovative ideas, marketing, operating mode; significance of suppliers evaluating meantime its influence on the added value chain of local Agri-tourism development. Clusters as well can create economy of scales and bring profits to the cluster’s actors. Furthermore, concept of the sustainable tourism is a keyword of developing policies, what makes present active subjects to think globally.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115857359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Man’s Trash is Another Man’s Treasure: How the Circular Economy Contributes to Achieving SDGs -The Case of Used Tires in Spain","authors":"Marina Mattero, María Esperanza Calvo Centeno, María Pilar Portillo","doi":"10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P32-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P32-38","url":null,"abstract":"During the end of the 20th century and beginning of 21st century, there is a trend to evaluating the actions undertaken to improve the socio-economic environment in which we live, to achieve a greater level of wellbeing for all citizens. In the context of Stakeholder Theory, considering an organization should always operate towards creating positive value for society, the creation of the UN Global Compact and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals created a shift in many regions. The present study evaluates this context and how the implementation of circular economy policies has affected the achievement of SDGs in Spain. Specifically, the role of different private and public agents is evaluated in the tire manufacturing industry and the impact in each of the SDGs. Results show positive results as well as areas of improvement to further improve the roadmap towards achieving the 17 SDGs.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128995668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affiliate marketing. Can online news portals use successfully affiliated marketing in Albania?","authors":"Brunilda Beleraj","doi":"10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P66-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P66-77","url":null,"abstract":"Affiliate marketing is viewed as one of the online strategies that help marketers’ measure success and deal with productivity. Marketers use it as a starting point to create new business or to develop an existing one. Affiliate programs support and develop these new strategies of marketing. Affiliate marketing is performance-based marketing where merchants reward affiliates commission for successful referrals. In Albania, we have chosen some of the most ranked online companies to see how this new techniques could be implemented to benefit both parts. Some of the research questions that have been raised in this paper are; how are the affiliated marketing techniques used in information portals in Albania? Under what conditions those web sites are developed? What payment fees are better to be used? In the evidence of a descriptive research, this paper will make an attempt to answer these questions.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124654946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Value Added Tax in Kosovo – Comparative and Research Aspects 2006-2017","authors":"Azem Duraku","doi":"10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p102-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p102-109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to present the progress and effects that Value Added Tax (VAT) may have on a country's economy. The efficient fiscal policies would enable a country to develop more rapidly, however it will all depend on the situation, economic state, and the power that the Republic of Kosovo has. VAT is a tax on consumption, and if seen from the buyer's point of view, it is a tax on the purchase price; while from the seller's point of view, it is a tax on the added value of the product or service. VAT revenues comprise the main part of Kosovo's budget financing, where comparative data from 2006 to 2017 are given in this paper, showing the extent of VAT participation in the total revenues of the state of Kosovo. Due to this, the tax system including the VAT, which was established by advancing in harmony with the EU directives and regulations, but maintaining the specific features of the state of Kosovo, has recently changed. Owing to legal changes, among others, the Government of Kosovo raised the VAT tax rate from 16% to 18% in most products, while reduced the VAT from 16% to 8% mainly on basic food products, medications. The state of affairs between the states is relatively different, being influenced by many factors, making it impossible to present consistent scale-level comparisons between them.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128857968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics in Banks’ Publicly Accessible Documents: The Case of Slovenia","authors":"Maja Tihole, S. Beloglavec","doi":"10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P21-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on ethics being mentioned and addressed to in banks’ publicly accessible documents in Slovenian banking system. Authors in the first part deal with the question, whether a bank as a financial institution can be ethical as such, taking the responsibility for formation and development in the recent financial crisis into consideration. However, ethics in banking refers to ethical behaviour and activities at all levels of banking operations: from back office to front office, bank’s policies and strategies, and nevertheless, banks’ influence and involvement in the community. Such banks provide financing for projects and scholarships, sponsor events, promote environmental protection and similar activities described as socially responsible banking. Socially responsible banks can by all means act ethically. Our research is geographically wise limited to the banking system of Slovenia and content wise by looking merely into the fact whether or not ethics and ethical principles are present in Slovenian banking system and being a subject of banks’ reporting. We do not place a judgment about individual bank or banking system behaviour regarding ethics. The research is fully based on the presumption that information held in annual reports and other publicly accessible sources are correct and honest. In that context we set and tested two hypotheses. First (H1), being divided into two sub hypotheses, deals with the presence of ethics and ethical activities (H1a) and definition of ethical bank behaviour in banks’ publicly accessible documents (H2a) and second (H2) tests, whether banks in Slovenian banking system have ethical codes. We have accepted H1a and H2 and partly accepted H1b.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129226833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Customer Switching Behavior towards Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s) from a Customer Perspective in Jordan","authors":"Bushra K. Mahadin","doi":"10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P53-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJME.V1I3.P53-65","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose-This paper aims to investigate factors that affect customer switching from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV’s) to Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s), in Jordan for the period of (2010-2014).Design/methodology/approach-A self-administered survey was hand-delivered to the targeted sample of car users in Jordan. The authors delivered 400 questionnaires to customers, from which 333 were deemed valid for the analysis, corresponding to the percentage of (83.25%) which indicates the validity of the study. Findings- There was no difference in switching behavior between (ICEV’s) and (HEV’s) based on gender in the Jordanian market. Fuel consumption efficiency was the number one variable that supports the switching behavior towards (HEV's), followed by Eco friendliness, lower taxes and technological features. Price and the current trend in the market were the least supporting factors. In addition to that the perception of the battery life of (HEV's), limited choices in the market, lack of information and fear of the relatively new technology were the major hindering factors of choosing an (HEV).Research limitations-Future research needs to investigate other factors that may affect customers’ behavior such as perceived image, trust, and subjective norms. Future research should investigate into the importance of environmental awareness and new technologies, and gender differences in behavior. From an international marketing standpoint, comparative studies between Jordanian and non-Jordanian customers are potential areas of future research for international marketing strategies and cross-cultural consumer behaviour analysis. Practical implications-The paper identifies the determinants of switching behavior. marketers should focus addressing customers concerns in terms of providing enough information and building awareness towards the technology and it's benefits towards the society and the environment.Originality/value-Our study is one of the few in Jordan that investigates the switching behavior towards vehicles technology. Our study is thought to have made a modest contribution to consumer behaviour literature and, specifically, for decision making process. It offers marketers insights into the determinants of switching behavior towards the hybrid vechicle technology and how this contribute to consumers’ decision making process and attitudes to achieve the intended behavioural outcomes","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing of Social Services for Children in Macedonia","authors":"Natasha Bogoevska, Svetlana Trbojevikj, Sofija Georgievska","doi":"10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p7-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p7-20","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade the social services sector in Macedonia has been involved in a reform processes in line with the strategic paths towards decentralization, deinstitutionalization and pluralization of social welfare. Children are in the main focus of the reform processes through twofold policy interventions: reduction of child poverty with incentives for improving range and amount of child benefits and advancement of social services for children facing social problems. Additionally, the reform processes were instigated by substantial budgetary allocations for administration of child benefits and delivery of social services for children followed by a critique for inappropriate targeting of children, undeveloped, low quality and expensive services for children mainly organized in massive residential institutions. Whereas, several researches had been carried out with focus on the quality of social services for children and coverage gaps, there is an insufficient evidence and analysis of the costs of services and their budgeting. This analysis is to serve the purpose of filling in the existing data gap through: (1) to map the existing social protection measures for children in Macedonia executed by state, non-governmental organizations and private service providers; (2) to identify the main mechanisms for financing social services for children and to provide clear insight into state financial support in the social services delivery and alternative child care support arrangements.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal Expenditure and Education Quality in China: A Regional Heterogeneity Analysis","authors":"Yiyang Chen, Fu-Qin Zhang","doi":"10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p44-52","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore whether fiscal input brings the raise of regional education quality. To discuss this relationship, we employ Chinese provincial panel data ranged from 2008-2016. By constructing a two-way fixed effect model, we find that provincial education quality is positively associated with the fiscal expenditure, and more specifically, educational expenditure. This correlation is robust even we consider other important factors such economy growth, industrial structure and population structure. Besides, since the regional heterogeneity across China, the relationship between fiscal spending, and education quality may exhibit different patterns, we thus split our samples into eastern region and non-eastern region. Empirical results indicate that our main argument only exists in non-eastern area, which refers to the western area, where expanding fiscal expenditure would be more efficient for the government to raise provincial education quality. Meanwhile, fiscal policy would be less efficient to raise education quality for eastern area, thus new policy instrument is necessary.","PeriodicalId":409185,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Marketing and Economics","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121560919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}